The time has come for an MTBE Remediation Handbook. There are hundreds of thousands of spills of gasoline containing MTBE in the United States. More than a billion dollars are spent each year to clean up spills of gasoline and manage the risk from existing contamination. Staff of the appropriate regula tory authorities within each state must make decisions to manage these spills on a site-by-site basis. Do they require active cleanup? How much cleanup is necessary? What is the most appropriate technology? What performance should be expected from the available technology? If the state regulators pro vide good answers to these questions on a site-by-site basis, the money will be well spent. This handbook is concerned with remediation of MTBE in existing spills. There are a number of myths about MTBE that act as impediments to effec tive remediation and risk management for MTBE. These myths present MTBE as being qualitatively different from petroleum hydrocarbons. Many still think that benzene is biodegradable in ground water while MTBE is not, that risk management is appropriate for benzene and not appropriate for MTBE, and that drinking water can be treated to remove benzene but not to remove MTBE. These myths have made us reluctant to deal with existing MTBE contamination. As is documented in this MTBE Remediation Handbook, we have the technology to clean up MTBE in a rational and economic man ner.
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Section Imtbe History, Properties, Occurrence, And Assessment.-
1.
Introduction.-
2. Chemical and Physical Properties.-
3. Fate and Transport of
MTBE and Other Gasoline Components.-
4. MTBE Occurrence in Surface and Ground
Water.-
5. Site Assessment.-
6. Laboratory Analysis of Oxygenated Gasoline
Constituents.-
7. Risk Assessment.- Section IIApplicable Remediation
Technologies.-
8. Receptor Protection.-
9. Source Control.-
10. Soil Vapor
Extraction, Bioventing, and Air Sparging.-
11. In Situ Chemical Oxidation.-
12. Aerobic In Situ Bioremediation.-
13. Anaerobic In Situ Bioremediation.-
14. Phytoremediation of MTBEA Review of the State of the Technology.-
15.
Ground Water Recovery and Treatment.-
16. Monitored Natural Attenuation of
MTBE.- Section IIIRemediation Case Studies.-
17. Remedial Costs for MTBE in
Soil and Ground Water.-
18. Remediation Experiences in Finland.-
19. USEPA
Case Studies Database for MTBE Remediation.-
20. Remediation of Realeases
Containing MTBE at Gasoline Station SitesENSR Internationals Experience.-
21. Source Control and Point of Entry Treatment at a Massachusetts Site.-
22.
Physical Treatment at a New Hampshire Site.-
23. Physical Treatment at a
Massachusetts Site.-
24. Strategic Pumping to Divert an MTBE/BTEX Plume from
Municipal Water Supply Wells.-
25. Ozone Microbubble Sparging at a California
Site.-
26. MTBE Cleanup Technology Evaluations at the Port Hueneme NETTS.-
27. Bioremediation at a New Jersey Site Using Propane-Oxidizing Bacteria.-
28. Application of an In Situ Bioremedy Biobarrier at a Retail Gas Station.-
29. Ground Water Recovery and Bioreactor Treatment at a California Site.-
30.
Natural Attenuation of Tert Butyl Alcohol at a Texas Chemical Plant.-
31.
Natural Attenuation of Benzene and MTBE at FourMidwestern U.S. Sites.-
APPENDICES.- Appendix AMTBE Occurrence in Surface and Ground Water Edited by
James A.M. Thomson.- MTBE and the USGSs NAWQA Program.- The NAWQA Program.-
Program Status.- MTBE Data.- Patterns.- Conclusions.- Limitations.- Summary.-
MTBE Occurrence in the United States.- National MTBE Survey.- Northeastern
and Mid-Atlantic States.- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
(NESCAUM).- Midwestern States Study.- Conclusions of the Midwestern States
Study.- Additional State Studies.- Conclusions.- MTBE Occurrence in England
and Wales.- Fuel Background.- Water Background.- Study Method.- Risk
Assessment.- Conclusions.- Impacts.- Further Work.- Acknowledgement.- Plume
Length Studies (Texas, Florida, and California).- Texas.- Florida.-
California.- History of MTBE in California.- Comparison among Texas, Florida,
and California.- Comparison of Plume Lengths for MTBE and BTEX at 212 South
Carolina Sites.- Conclusions.- References.- Acronyms.- Appendix BPrimary
Author Contact Information.- Acronyms.
