Preface |
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xi | |
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Introduction to Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling With IBM SPSS |
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1 | (20) |
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2 | (1) |
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Analysis of Multilevel Data Structures |
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3 | (6) |
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Partitioning Variation in an Outcome |
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6 | (1) |
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What SPSS Can and Cannot Do |
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7 | (2) |
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Developing a General Multilevel Modeling Strategy |
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9 | (8) |
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Illustrating the Steps in Investigating a Proposed Model |
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9 | (1) |
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One-Way ANOVA (No Predictors) Model |
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10 | (1) |
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Analyze a Level 1 Model With Fixed Predictors |
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11 | (1) |
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Add the Level 2 Explanatory Variables |
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12 | (1) |
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Examine Whether a Particular Slope Coefficient Varies Between Groups |
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13 | (1) |
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Adding Cross-Level Interactions to Explain Variation in the Slope |
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14 | (2) |
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Syntax Versus SPSS Menu Command Formulation |
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16 | (1) |
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Model Estimation and Other Typical Multilevel Modeling Issues |
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17 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Differences Between Multilevel Software Programs |
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19 | (1) |
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A Note About Standardized and Unstandardized Coefficients |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Preparing and Examining the Data for Multilevel Analyses |
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21 | (40) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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Getting Familiar With Basic SPSS Data Commands |
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24 | (21) |
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Recode: Creating a New Variable Through Recoding |
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24 | (5) |
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Compute: Creating a New Variable That is a Function of Some Other Variable |
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29 | (1) |
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Match Files: Combining Data From Separate SPSS Files |
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30 | (6) |
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Aggregate: Collapsing Data Within Level 2 Units |
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36 | (2) |
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Varstocases: Vertical Versus Horizontal Data Structures |
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38 | (6) |
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Using "Rank" to Recode the Level 1 or Level 2 Data for Nested Models |
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44 | (1) |
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Creating an Identifier Variable |
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45 | (6) |
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Creating an Individual-Level Identifier Using Compute |
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45 | (2) |
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Creating a Group-Level Identifier Using Rank Cases |
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47 | (2) |
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Creating a Within-Group-Level Identifier Using Rank Cases |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (7) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (1) |
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A Note About Model Building |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Defining a Basic Two-Level Multilevel Regression Model |
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61 | (50) |
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From Single-Level to Multilevel Analysis |
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61 | (2) |
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Building a Two-Level Model |
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63 | (9) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Graphing the Relationship Between SES and Math Test Scores With SPSS Menu Commands |
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65 | (5) |
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Graphing the Subgroup Relationships Between SES and Math Test Scores With SPSS Menu Commands |
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70 | (2) |
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Building a Multilevel Model With SPSS Mixed |
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72 | (38) |
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Examining Variance Components Using the Null Model |
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73 | (1) |
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Defining the Null Model With SPSS Menu Commands |
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74 | (4) |
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Interpreting the Output From the Null Model |
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78 | (2) |
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Building the Individual-Level (or Level 1) Random Intercept Model |
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80 | (1) |
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Defining the Level 1 Random Intercept Model with SPSS Menu Commands |
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81 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 1 |
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83 | (3) |
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Building the Group-Level (or Level 2) Random Intercept Model |
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86 | (1) |
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Defining the Group-Level Random Intercept Model With SPSS Menu Commands |
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87 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 2 |
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89 | (2) |
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Defining the Public School Variable as a Covariate Using SPSS Menu Commands |
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91 | (2) |
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Adding a Randomly Varying Slope (the Random Slope and Intercept Model) |
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93 | (2) |
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Defining the Random Slope and Intercept Model With SPSS Menu Commands |
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95 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 3 |
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97 | (1) |
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Explaining Variability in the Random Slope (More Complex Random Slopes and Intercept Models) |
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98 | (1) |
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Defining More Complex Random Slope and Intercept Models With SPSS Menu Commands |
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99 | (5) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 4 |
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104 | (2) |
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Graphing SES-Achievement Relationships in High- and Low-Achieving Schools With SPSS Menu Commands |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (1) |
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Three-Level Univariate Regression Models |
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111 | (30) |
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Three-Level Univariate Model |
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111 | (10) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Defining the Three-Level Multilevel Model |
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112 | (1) |
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Centering Predictors and Interactions |
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113 | (2) |
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The Null Model (No Predictors) |
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115 | (1) |
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Defining the Null Model (No Predictors) With SPSS Menu Commands |
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115 | (5) |
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Interpreting the Output From the Null Model |
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120 | (1) |
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Defining Predictors at Each Level |
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121 | (19) |
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Defining Model 1 (Predictors at Each Level) With SPSS Menu Commands |
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122 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 1 |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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125 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 2 |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Does the Slope Vary Randomly Across Classrooms and Schools? |
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129 | (1) |
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Defining Model 3 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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130 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 3 |
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132 | (1) |
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Developing an Interaction Term |
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133 | (1) |
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Preliminary Investigation of the Interaction |
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133 | (1) |
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Examining a Level 2 Interaction |
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134 | (1) |
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Defining Model 4 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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135 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 4 |
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138 | (1) |
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Comparing the Fit of Successive Models |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Examining Individual Change With Repeated Measures Data |
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141 | (48) |
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141 | (19) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Univariate or Multivariate Approach |
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142 | (1) |
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Examining the Shape of Students' Growth Trajectories |
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143 | (2) |
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Graphing the Linear Growth Trajectories With SPSS Menu Commands |
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145 | (6) |
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Examining Growth Trajectories Using Repeated Measures ANOVA |
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151 | (1) |
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Conducting Repeated Measures ANOVA With SPSS Menu Commands |
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151 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From the Repeated Measures ANOVA |
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154 | (1) |
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Adding Between-Subjects Predictors |
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155 | (1) |
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Adding Between-Subjects Predictors With SPSS Menu Commands |
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156 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Adding Between-Subjects Predictors |
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159 | (1) |
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Using SPSS Mixed to Examine Individual Change |
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160 | (28) |
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Developing a Two-Level Model of Individual Change |
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162 | (1) |
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Level 1 Covariance Structure |
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162 | (3) |
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Level 2 Covariance Structure |
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165 | (1) |
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Does the Slope Vary Randomly Across Individuals? |
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165 | (1) |
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Defining Model 1 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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166 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 1 |
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169 | (2) |
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Investigating Other Level 1 Covariance Structures |
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171 | (2) |
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Investigating Other Level 1 Covariance Structures Using SPSS Menu Commands |
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173 | (5) |
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Adding the Between-Subjects Predictors |
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178 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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178 | (6) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 2 |
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184 | (3) |
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Graphing the Growth Rate Trajectories With SPSS Menu Commands |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Methods for Examining Organizational-Level Change |
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189 | (34) |
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Examining Changes in Institutions' Graduation Rates |
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189 | (33) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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Null Model: No Predictors |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (2) |
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Defining the Null Model (No Predictors) With SPSS Menu Commands |
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196 | (5) |
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Interpreting the Output From the Null Modle |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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Defining Model 1 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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204 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 1 |
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207 | (1) |
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Adding Time-Varying Covariates |
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208 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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209 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 2 |
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211 | (1) |
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Explaining Differences in Growth Trajectories Between Institutions |
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211 | (1) |
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Defining Model 3 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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212 | (4) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 3 |
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216 | (1) |
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Adding a Model to Examine Growth Rates at Level 3 |
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217 | (1) |
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Defining Model 4 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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218 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 4 |
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221 | (1) |
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Other Types of Random-Coefficients Growth Models |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Multivariate Multilevel Models |
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223 | (48) |
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Multilevel Latent-Outcome Model |
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223 | (24) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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Defining a Latent Variable for a Multilevel Analysis |
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226 | (1) |
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Null Model: No Predictors |
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227 | (2) |
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Defining the Null Model (No Predictors) With SPSS Menu Commands |
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229 | (5) |
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Interpreting the Output of the Null Model |
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234 | (1) |
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Building a Three-Level Model |
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234 | (1) |
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Defining Model 1 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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235 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output of Model 1 (Explaining Student Achievement) |
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237 | (1) |
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Investigating a Random Slope |
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238 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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238 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output of Model 2 |
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241 | (1) |
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Explaining Variation in Slopes |
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241 | (1) |
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Defining Model 3 (Variation in Academic Achievement Slopes) With SPSS Menu Commands |
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242 | (4) |
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Interpreting the Output of Model 3 |
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246 | (1) |
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Comparing Model Estimates |
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246 | (1) |
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Multivariate Multilevel Model for Correlated Outcomes |
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247 | (23) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Formulating the Basic Model |
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248 | (1) |
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Null Model (No Predictors) |
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249 | (13) |
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Building a Complete Model (Predictors and Cross-Level Interactions) |
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262 | (6) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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Cross-Classified Multilevel Models |
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271 | (48) |
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Students Cross-Classified in High Schools and Universities |
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271 | (20) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Adding a Set of Level 1 and Level 2 Predictors |
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275 | (1) |
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Defining Model 1 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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276 | (5) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 1 |
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281 | (1) |
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Investigating a Random Slope |
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282 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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282 | (4) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 2 |
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286 | (1) |
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Explaining Variation Between Variables |
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286 | (1) |
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Defining Model 3 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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287 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 3 |
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290 | (1) |
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Developing a Cross-Classified Teacher Effectiveness Model |
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291 | (27) |
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The Data Structure and Model |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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Defining Model 1 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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294 | (6) |
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Defining the Cross-Classified Model With Previous Achievement |
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300 | (1) |
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Defining Model 2 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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301 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Models 1 and 2 |
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303 | (1) |
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Adding Teacher Effectiveness and a Student Background Control |
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304 | (1) |
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Defining Model 3 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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305 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 3 |
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307 | (1) |
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Adding a School-Level Predictor and a Random Slope |
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308 | (1) |
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Defining Model 4 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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308 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 4 |
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311 | (1) |
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Examining Level 3 Differences Between Institutions |
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311 | (1) |
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Defining Model 5 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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312 | (2) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 5 |
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314 | (1) |
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Adding a Level 3 Cross-Level Interaction |
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315 | (1) |
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Defining Model 6 With SPSS Menu Commands |
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315 | (3) |
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Interpreting the Output From Model 6 |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (4) |
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323 | (16) |
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325 | (10) |
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Model Comparisons Across Software Applications |
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335 | (4) |
Author Index |
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339 | (2) |
Subject Index |
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341 | |