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Nanomaterials Chemistry: Recent Developments and New Directions [Kõva köide]

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Edited by (Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Germany), Edited by (Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), Edited by (Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 420 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x178x26 mm, kaal: 916 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2007
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527316647
  • ISBN-13: 9783527316649
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Nanomaterials Chemistry: Recent Developments and New DirectionsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 420 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x178x26 mm, kaal: 916 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2007
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527316647
  • ISBN-13: 9783527316649
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783527316649.html
Märksõnad:
It is difficult to think of a more fast-paced, fertile or commercial field of research at present, and this collection of 11 papers reflects that being done at the leading edge. This able and timely collection of papers includes materials on current theory, synthesis, properties, characterization and application, with subjects including quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanoporous materials, nanowires, nanotubes and nanoconstructed polymers. Specific topics include recent developments in the synthesis, properties and assemblies of nanocrystals and in tubes and wires, nonaqueous Sol-Gel routes to nanocrystalline metal oxides, growth of nanocrystals in solution, self-assembling peptides, surface plasmon resonance in nanostructured materials, applications of nanostructured hybrid materials for supercapacitors, molecular approaches to organic/polymeric field-effect transistors; supramolecular approaches to molecular machines, and nanoscale electronic inhomogeneities in complex oxides. The result is a well-balanced treatment of theory and applications. Annotation ©2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

With this handbook, the distinguished team of editors has combined the expertise of leading nanomaterials scientists to provide the latest overview of this field. They cover the whole spectrum of nanomaterials, ranging from theory, synthesis, properties, characterization to application, including such new developments as quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanoporous materials, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanostructured polymers.
The result is recommended reading for everybody working in nanoscience: Newcomers to the field can acquaint themselves with this exciting subject, while specialists will find answers to all their questions as well as helpful suggestions for further research.

Arvustused

"Insgesamt ist das Buch eine gelungene Ergänzung zu den beiden vorangegangenen Bänden." Angewandte Chemie, 2008,120 2203-2005

Preface XI
List of Contributors XIII
1 Recent Developments in the Synthesis, Properties and Assemblies of Nanocrystals 1
P.J. Thomas and P. O'Brien
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Spherical Nanocrystals
1
1.2.1 Semiconductor Nanocrystals
1
1.2.2 Metal Nanocrystals
4
1.2.3 Nanocrystals of Metal Oxides
6
1.3 Nanocrystals of Different Shapes
7
1.3.1 Anisotropic Growth of Semiconductor and Oxide Nanocrystals
7
1.3.2 Anisotropic Growth of Metal Nanocrystals
14
1.4 Selective Growth on Nanocrystals
17
1.5 Properties of Nanocrystals
18
1.5.1 Electronic and Optical Properties
18
1.5.2 Magnetic Properties
21
1.6 Ordered Assemblies of Nanocrystals
22
1.6.1 One- and Low-dimensional Arrangements
22
1.6.2 Two-dimensional Arrays
24
1.6.3 Three-dimensional Superlattices
26
1.6.4 Colloidal Crystals
29
1.7 Applications
30
1.7.1 Optical and Electro-optical Devices
30
1.7.2 Nanocrystal-based Optical Detection and Related Devices
31
1.7.3 Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Tags
33
1.7.4 Biomedical Applications of Oxide Nanoparticles
33
1.7.5 Nanoelectronics and Nanoscalar Electronic Devices
34
1.8 Conclusions
35
References
36
2 Nanotubes and Nanowires: Recent Developments 45
S.R.C. Vivekchand, A. Govindaraj, and C.N.R. Rao
2.1 Introduction
45
2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
45
2.2.1 Synthesis
45
2.2.2 Purification
50
2.2.3 Functionalization and Solubilization
54
2.2.4 Properties and Applications
60
2.2.4.1 Optical, Electrical and Other Properties
60
2.2.4.2 Phase Transitions, Mechanical Properties, and Fluid Mechanics
66
2.2.4.3 Energy Storage and Conversion
68
2.2.4.4 Chemical Sensors
68
2.2.5 Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects
69
2.2.6 Nanocomposites
71
2.2.7 Transistors and Devices
72
2.3 Inorganic Nanotubes
75
2.3.1 Synthesis
75
2.3.2 Solubilization and Functionalization
77
2.3.3 Properties and Applications
79
2.4 Inorganic Nanowires
79
2.4.1 Synthesis
79
2.4.2 Self Assembly and Functionalization
90
2.4.3 Coaxial Nanowires and Coatings on Nanowires
92
2.4.4 Optical Properties
92
2.4.5 Electrical and Magnetic Properties
97
2.4.6 Some Chemical Aspects and Sensor Applications
100
2.4.7 Mechanical Properties
101
2.4.8 Transistors and Devices
102
2.4.9 Biological Aspects
103
References
104
3 Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Routes to Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides 119
M. Niederberger and M. Antonietti
3.1 Overview
119
3.2 Introduction
119
3.3 Short Introduction to Aqueous and Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Chemistry
120
3.4 Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Routes to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
121
3.4.1 Surfactant-controlled Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
121
3.5 Solvent-controlled Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
127
3.5.1 Introduction
127
3.5.2 Reaction of Metal Halides with Alcohols
127
3.5.3 Reaction of Metal Alkoxides with Alcohols
130
3.5.4 Reaction of Metal Alkoxides with Ketones and Aldehydes
131
3.5.5 Reaction of Metal Acetylacetonates with Various Organic Solvents
132
3.6 Selected Reaction Mechanisms
133
3.7 Summary and Outlook
134
References
135
4 Growth of Nanocrystals in Solution 139
R. Viswanatha and D.D. Sarma
4.1 Introduction
139
4.2 Theoretical Aspects
140
4.2.1 Theory of Nucleation
140
4.2.2 Mechanism of Growth
141
4.2.2.1 Diffusion Limited Growth: Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner (LSW) Theory and Post-LSW Theory
143
4.2.2.2 Reaction-limited Growth
147
4.2.2.3 Mixed Diffusion–Reaction Control
148
4.3 Experimental Investigations
151
4.3.1 Au Nanocrystals
153
4.3.2 ZnO Nanocrystals
154
4.3.3 Effect of Capping Agents on Growth Kinetics
160
4.3.3.1 Effect of Oleic Acid on the Growth of CdSe Nanocrystals
161
4.3.3.2 PVP as a Capping Agent in the Growth of ZnO Nanocrystals
163
4.3.3.3 Effect of Adsorption of Thiols on ZnO Growth Kinetics
166
4.4 Concluding Remarks
167
References
168
5 Peptide Nanomaterials: Self-assembling Peptides as Building Blocks for Novel Materials 171
M. Reches and E. Gazit
5.1 Overview
171
5.2 Introduction
171
5.3 Cyclic Peptide-based Nanostructures
172
5.4 Linear Peptide-based Nanostructures
174
5.5 Amyloid Fibrils as Bio-inspired Material: The Use of Natural Amyloid and Peptide Fragments
177
5.6 From Amyloid Structures to Peptide Nanostructures
178
5.7 Bioinspired Peptide-based Composite Nanomaterials
180
5.8 Prospects
180
References
181
6 Surface Plasmon Resonances in Nanostructured Materials 185
K.G. Thomas
6.1 Introduction to Surface Plasmons
185
6.1.1 Propagating Surface Plasmons
186
6.1.2 Localized Surface Plasmons
189
6.2 Tuning the Surface Plasmon Oscillations
190
6.2.1 Size of Nanoparticle
190
6.2.2 Shape of Nanoparticle
191
6.2.3 Dielectric Environment
194
6.3 Excitation of Localized Surface Plasmons
196
6.3.1 Multipole Resonances
197
6.3.2 Absorption vs. Scattering
200
6.4 Plasmon Coupling in Higher Order Nanostructures
204
6.4.1 Assembly of Nanospheres
204
6.4.2 Assembly of Nanorods
208
6.5 Summary and Outlook
215
References
216
7 Applications of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials for Supercapacitors 219
A.V. Murugan and K. Vijayamohanan
7.1 Overview
219
7.2 Introduction
219
7.3 Nanostructured Hybrid Materials
220
7.4 Electrochemical Energy Storage
222
7.5 Electrochemical Capacitors
223
7.5.1 Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor vs. Conventional Capacitor
225
7.5.2 Origin of Enhanced Capacitance
226
7.6 Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
229
7.6.1 Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides
229
7.6.2 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers
230
7.6.3 Carbon Nanotubes and Related Carbonaceous Materials
231
7.7 Hybrid Nanostructured Materials
234
7.7.1 Conducting Polymer—Transition Metal Oxide Nanohybrids
235
7.7.2 Conducting Polymer—Carbon Nanotube Hybrids
237
7.7.3 Transition Metal Oxides—Carbon Nanotube Hybrids
238
7.8 Hybrid Nanostructured Materials as Electrolytes for Super Capacitors
241
7.8.1 Nanostructured Polymer Composite Electrolytes
242
7.8.2 Ionic Liquids as Supercapacitor Electrolytes
242
7.9 Possible Limitations of Hybrid Materials for Supercapacitors
243
7.10 Conclusions and Perspectives
244
References
245
8 Dendrimers and Their Use as Nanoscale Sensors 249
N. Jayaraman
8.1 Introduction
249
8.2 Synthetic Methods
250
8.3 Macromolecular Properties
262
8.3.1 Molecular Modeling and Intrinsic Viscosity Studies
262
8.3.2 Fluorescence Properties
264
8.3.3 Endo- and Exo-Receptor Properties
265
8.4 Chemical Sensors with Dendrimers
267
8.4.1 Vapor Sensing
267
8.4.2 Sensing Organic Amines and Acids
270
8.4.3 Vapoconductivity
270
8.4.4 Sensing CO and CO2
271
8.4.5 Gas and Vapor Sensing in Solution
272
8.4.6 Chiral Sensing of Asymmetric Molecules
275
8.4.7 Fluorescence Labeled Dendrimers and Detection of Metal Cations
277
8.4.8 Anion Sensing
279
8.5 Dendrimer-based Biosensors
281
8.5.1 Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor
281
8.5.2 Dendrimers as Cell Capture Agents
282
8.5.3 Dendrimers as a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Surface
283
8.5.4 Layer-by-Layer Assembly Using Dendrimers and Electrocatalysis
283
8.5.5 SAM–Dendrimer Conjugates for Biomolecular Sensing
284
8.5.6 Dendrimer-based Calorimetric Biosensors
288
8.5.7 Dendrimer-based Glucose Sensors
289
8.6 Conclusion and Outlook
292
References
292
9 Molecular Approaches in Organic/Polymeric Field-effect Transistors 299
K.S. Narayan and S. Data;
9.1 Introduction
299
9.2 Device Operations and Electrical Characterization
300
9.3 Device Fabrication
301
9.3.1 Substrate Treatment Methods
304
9.3.2 Electrode Materials
305
9.4 Progress in Electrical Performance
306
9.5 Progress in p-Channel OFETs
306
9.6 Progress in n-Channel OF ET
309
9.7 Progress in Ambipolar OF ET
310
9.8 PhotoPFETs
311
9.9 Photoeffects in Semiconducting Polymer Dispersed Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Transistors
313
9.10 Recent Approaches in Assembling Devices
314
References
316
10 Supramolecular Approaches to Molecular Machines 319
M.C. Grossel
10.1 Introduction
319
10.2 Catenanes and Rotaxanes
320
10.2.1 Synthetic Routes to Catenanes and Rotaxanes
321
10.2.2 Aromatic π–π Association Routes to Catenanes and Rotaxanes
322
10.2.2.1 Preparation and Properties of [ 2]-Catenanes
322
10.2.2.2 Multiple Catenanes
323
10.2.2.3 Switchable Catenanes
324
10.2.2.4 Other Synthetic Routes to Paraquat-based Catenanes
326
10.2.2.5 Rotaxane Synthesis
328
10.2.2.6 Switchable Catenanes
328
10.2.2.7 Neutral Catenane Assembly
329
10.2.3 Ion Templating
329
10.2.3.1 Approaches to Redox-switchable Catenanes and Rotaxanes
329
10.2.3.2 Making More Complex Structures
332
10.2.3.3 Routes to [ n]-Rotaxanes using Olefin Metathesis – Molecular Barcoding
333
10.2.3.4 Anion-templating
335
10.2.3.5 Other Approaches to Ion-templating
337
10.2.4 Hydrogen-bonded Assembly of Catenane, Rotaxanes, and Knots
338
10.2.4.1 Catenane and Knotane Synthesis
338
10.2.4.2 Routes to Functional Catenanes and Rotaxanes
339
10.2.4.3 Catenanes and Rotaxanes Derived from Dialkyl Ammonium Salts
346
10.2.5 Cyclodextrin-based Rotaxanes
348
10.2.5.1 Controlling Motion
349
10.3 Molecular Logic Gates
349
10.4 Conclusions
352
References
352
11 Nanoscale Electronic Inhomogeneities in Complex Oxides 357
V.B. Shenoy, H.R. Krishnaniurthy, and T.V. Ramakrishnan
11.1 Introduction
357
11.2 Electronic Inhomogeneities – Experimental Evidence
358
11.3 Theoretical Approaches to Electronic Inhomogeneities
364
11.4 The b Model for Manganites
366
11.5 The Extended b Model and Effects of Long-range Coulomb Interactions
370
11.6 Conclusion
381
References
382
Index 385


C. N. R. Rao obtained his Ph.D. from Purdue University, USA, and D.Sc. from Mysore University. Apart from other appointments throughout the years, C. N. R. Rao was the Director of the Indian Institute of Science (1984-94), of which he now is an Honorary Professor, and the President of the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (1989-99), where he holds the Linus Pauling Research Professorship and Honorary Presidency. His main research interests are in solid state and materials chemistry, molecular structure and spectroscopy. He is a member of numerous science academies worldwide and has received many national and international honours, and published over 1200 research papers.

Achim Müller studied chemistry and physics at Göttingen University and is currently Professor of Inorganic Chemsitry at Bielefeld University, bothGermany. His research interests range from problems of molecular physics, bioinorganic chemistry and metal chalcogenide compounds to popularised science. He has received many national and international recognitions.



Anthony Cheetham obtained his Ph.D. in chemistry at Oxford University in 1971 and becme a faculty member in 1974. He moved to the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1991 as Professor in the Materials Department and became Director of the newly created Materlais Research Laboratory there in 1992. His research on inorganic materials has been recognised by a number of awards, including election to Fellowships of the Royal Society (1994) and the Third World Academy of Sciences (1999). He held an International Research Chair at Blaise Pascal University, Paris, (1997-99), and an International Chair Francqui in Namur (2001).