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Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification [Pehme köide]

Edited by (Post-doctoral fellow, School of Industrial Technology, Uni), Edited by , Edited by (Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong), Edited by (Professor, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 890 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1790 g
  • Sari: Micro & Nano Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128139269
  • ISBN-13: 9780128139264
Teised raamatud teemal:
Nanoscale Materials in Water PurificationSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 890 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 1790 g
  • Sari: Micro & Nano Technologies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128139269
  • ISBN-13: 9780128139264
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780128139264.html
Märksõnad:

Nanoscale Materials for Water Purification brings together sustainable solutions using novel nanomaterials to alleviate the physical effects of water scarcity. This book covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, bioactive nanoparticles, polysaccharide-based nanoparticles, nanocatalysts and redox nanoparticles for water purification. Significant properties and characterization methods of nanomaterials, such as surface morphology, mechanical properties, and adsorption capacities are also investigated. This book is an important research reference for materials scientists and environmental engineers who want to learn more about nanomaterials and their use in more effective water purification systems.

  • Explains how the unique properties of a range of nanomaterials makes them important water purification agents
  • Shows how the use of nanotechnology can help create cheaper, more reliable, less energy-intensive, more environmentally friendly water purification techniques
  • Includes case studies to show how nanotechnology has successfully been integrated into water purification system design
Contributors xxi
Chapter 1 Nanomaterials---State of Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities
1(24)
Deepu A. Gopakumar
Avinash R. Pai
Daniel Pasquini
Shao-Yuan (Ben) Leu
Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
Sabu Thomas
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Nanomaterials for Water Filtration
2(13)
2.1 Classification of Nanomaterials for Water Purification
3(12)
3 Nanostructured Membranes
15(3)
4 Nanofiber Membranes
18(1)
5 Challenges and Limitations of Nanotechnology in Water Treatment
19(1)
6 Summary and Conclusion
20(1)
References
21(3)
Further Reading
24(1)
Chapter 2 Introduction to Nanostructured and Nano-enhanced Polymeric Membranes: Preparation, Function, and Application for Water Purification
25(34)
Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
Rikarani R. Choudhury
1 Introduction
25(1)
2 Pressure-Driven Membranes and Membrane Processes
26(4)
2.1 Definition of Membrane
26(1)
2.2 Membrane Processes
26(2)
2.3 Conventional Membranes: Materials and Types
28(1)
2.4 NM-Based Polymeric Membranes
29(1)
3 Nanostructured Polymeric Membrane Preparation
30(6)
3.1 Phase Inversion Techniques
31(1)
3.2 Track Etching
32(1)
3.3 Microlithography and Nanolithography
32(1)
3.4 Sintering
32(1)
3.5 Stretching
33(1)
3.6 Template Leaching
33(1)
3.7 Self-Assembly Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation
33(2)
3.8 Interfacial Polymerization for TFCM Preparation
35(1)
3.9 Spinning
35(1)
4 Polymeric NEMs Preparation
36(7)
4.1 Nanomembrane Preparation by Self-Assembly and Filtration-Mediated Process
36(1)
4.2 NEMs Preparation by Blending and PI
36(2)
4.3 NEM Preparation by the Sol-Gel Process
38(1)
4.4 NEM Preparation by In Situ Chemical Reduction of NPs
39(1)
4.5 NEM Preparation by Surface or Pore Wall Modification
40(2)
4.6 NEM Preparation by IP
42(1)
4.7 NEMs Preparation by Electrospinning
43(1)
5 Membrane Parameters and Principles
43(4)
6 Functional/Performance Attributes of NEMs
47(1)
6.1 Adsorption
47(1)
6.2 Photocatalysis
47(1)
6.3 Antimicrobial Activity
48(1)
6.4 Chlorine Resistance
48(1)
7 Applications of MF, UF, NF, and RO Processes for Purification
48(5)
7.1 Water Clarification by MF and UF
48(4)
7.2 Removal of Dissolved Pollutants and Salt Ions by NF and RO
52(1)
8 Challenges and Future Perspectives
53(1)
9 Conclusions
53(1)
Acknowledgment
53(1)
References
54(3)
For Further Information
57(2)
Chapter 3 Nanocellulose-Based Membranes for Water Purification
59(28)
Deepu A. Gopakumar
Vishnu Arumughan
Daniel Pasquini
Shao-Yuan (Ben) Leu
Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
Sabu Thomas
1 Introduction
59(1)
2 Different Types of Cellulosic Nanomaterials and Their Isolation
60(3)
3 Nanocellulose as an Active Sorbent for Water Contaminants
63(18)
3.1 Adsorption and Removal of Heavy Metal Contaminants
63(4)
3.2 Removal and Adsorption of Toxic Textile Dyes
67(4)
3.3 Oil Removal From Water
71(7)
3.4 Nanocellulose-Based Membranes for Bacteria and Virus Removal via Size Exclusion
78(3)
4 Conclusion
81(1)
References
82(5)
Chapter 4 Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membranes for Water Purification
87(24)
Mohammad Hossein Davood Abadi Farahani
Vahid Vatanpour
1 Introduction
87(2)
2 Carbon Nanotube Applications in Water Purification
89(1)
3 Synthesis and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
90(2)
3.1 Synthesis Methods of Carbon Nanotubes
90(1)
3.2 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
91(1)
3.3 Using F-CNTs for MMM Fabrication
92(1)
4 Water Transport Mechanism Through CNTs' Hollow Tubes
92(2)
5 Fabrication of CNT-Embedded Membranes for Water Purification
94(2)
6 Factors Governing the Quality of CNT-Embedded Membranes
96(2)
7 Comparison of CNT-Embedded Membranes With Other Commercially Available Membranes in the Water Purification Industry
98(3)
8 Current Challenges for CNT-Embedded Membranes
101(2)
9 Conclusion
103(1)
References
104(7)
Chapter 5 Dendritic Polymer---Enhanced Ultrafiltration
111(42)
Michael Arkas
K. Panagiotaki
I. Kitsou
F. Petrakli
1 Introduction to Dendritic Polymers
111(10)
2 Processing Dendritic Polymers to Improve Their Absorption Properties
121(12)
2.1 Direct Combination of Dendritic Polymer With Another Absorbing Solid Porous Support
121(1)
2.2 Modification of the Functional Groups of the Periphery to Adjust the Polarity
122(3)
2.3 Functionalization of Dendritic Polymers for Cross-Linking and Chemical Binding
125(2)
2.4 Direct Surface Modification of Inorganic or Polymer Particles by Dendron Development
127(4)
2.5 Biomimetic Preparation of Inorganic Nanoparticles via Dendritic Matrices
131(2)
3 Role of Dendritic Polymers in Water Purification by Ultrafiltration
133(7)
3.1 Simple Recovery of Dendritic Polymer/Pollutant Complexes by Conventional Ultrafiltration Membranes
134(1)
3.2 Ultrafiltration by Membranes Impregnated by Dendritic Polymers
135(1)
3.3 Ultrafiltration by Hybrid Membranes Based on Covalent Grafting of Dendritic Polymers on Inorganic or Organic Substrates
136(4)
4 Challenges
140(3)
5 Conclusion
143(1)
References
144(8)
Further Reading
152(1)
Chapter 6 Development of Mixed Matrix Membranes: Incorporation of Metal Nanoparticles in Polymeric Membranes
153(26)
Jorge Garcia-Ivars
Maria-Jose Corbaton-Baguena
Maria-Isabel Iborra-Clar
1 Introduction
153(1)
2 Manufacturing of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Membranes
154(5)
3 Membranes With Zerovalent Metal Nanoparticles for Water Treatment
159(4)
3.1 Silver
160(2)
3.2 Iron
162(1)
4 Membranes With Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Water Treatment
163(8)
4.1 Titanium Oxide
163(2)
4.2 Silica
165(2)
4.3 Alumina
167(4)
5 Conclusion and Further Developments
171(1)
References
172(6)
Further Reading
178(1)
Chapter 7 Water Treatment by Molecularly Imprinted Materials
179(52)
Olympia Kotrotsiou
Costas Kiparissides
1 Introduction
179(1)
2 The Molecular Imprinting Concept
180(10)
2.1 Principal Mechanisms of Site Specificity in MIPs
180(3)
2.2 Selection of the Cross-linker and Solvent
183(2)
2.3 Polymerization Mechanisms and Methods
185(1)
2.4 Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Micro- and Nanoparticles
186(2)
2.5 Molecularly Imprinted Membranes
188(2)
3 Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Water Treatment
190(13)
4 Molecular Imprinting for Catalytic Degradation of Pollutants
203(2)
5 Molecular Imprinting for the Analysis of Environmental Samples
205(1)
6 MIP-Based Sensor Applications for Environmental Monitoring
206(9)
7 Technology Maturity
215(1)
8 Conclusion
215(3)
References
218(13)
Chapter 8 Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification
231(16)
Irene Bonadies
1 Introduction
231(1)
2 Processing: Fundamental Aspects and Parameters Investigation
232(4)
2.1 Electrospinning Theory and Process
233(1)
2.2 Process Parameters and Fiber Morphology
234(1)
2.3 Solution Parameters and Fiber Morphology
235(1)
3 Nanofibrous Filtration Membranes Based on Organic Materials
236(1)
4 Nanofibrous Filtration Membranes Based on Inorganic Materials
237(2)
5 Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes
239(2)
6 Thin Film Nanofibrous Composite Membranes
241(1)
7 Conclusion and Future Trends
242(1)
References
243(4)
Chapter 9 Electrospinning: A Versatile Fabrication Technique for Nanofibrous Membranes for Use in Desalination
247(28)
Saikat Sinha Ray
Shiao-Shing Chen
Nguyen Cong Nguyen
Hau Thi Nguyen
1 Introduction
247(3)
1.1 History of Electrospinning Technique
247(2)
1.2 Background
249(1)
2 Fundamentals of Electrospinning Technique
250(5)
2.1 Different Electrospinning Configuration
252(2)
2.2 Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials
254(1)
3 Process of Electrospinning Technique
255(5)
3.1 Polymer Solution Parameters
256(2)
3.2 Process Parameters
258(1)
3.3 Ambient Parameter
259(1)
4 Electrospinning Methodologies
260(2)
4.1 Layer-by-Layer Technique
260(1)
4.2 Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibers
261(1)
4.3 Solution Blending Method
261(1)
4.4 Wet Chemical Treatment
262(1)
5 Desalination Using Electrospun Membrane
262(5)
5.1 Membrane Distillation
264(2)
5.2 Pressure-Driven Separation
266(1)
6 Future Trends and Research Challenges
267(1)
7 Conclusion
267(2)
Acknowledgment
269(1)
References
269(6)
Chapter 10 Electrospun Nanofibrous Filtration Membranes for Heavy Metals and Dye Removal
275(14)
Yana Bagbi
Arvind Pandey
Pratima R. Solanki
1 Introduction
275(2)
2 Processing Technique
277(2)
2.1 Drawing
277(1)
2.2 Template
278(1)
2.3 Thermal-Induced Phase Separation
278(1)
2.4 Self-Assembly
278(1)
2.5 Electrospinning
278(1)
3 Fundamental Aspect of Electrospinning
279(1)
4 Electrospinning Parameters
279(4)
4.1 The Intrinsic Properties of the Solution Parameters
281(1)
4.2 Processing Parameters
282(1)
5 Application of ENMs in Water Treatment
283(2)
6 Outlook Trends and Challenges
285(1)
7 Conclusion
285(1)
References
286(3)
Chapter 11 Electrospinning: A Fiber Fabrication Technique for Water Purification
289(20)
Maria Wasim
Aneela Sabir
Muhammad Shafiq
Tahir Jamil
1 Introduction
289(1)
2 Classes of Materials
290(6)
2.1 Polymers
290(3)
2.2 Ceramics
293(2)
2.3 Composites
295(1)
3 Factors Affecting the Electrospinning Process
296(3)
3.1 Properties of the Solution
296(3)
4 Processing Conditions
299(1)
4.1 Temperature
299(1)
4.2 External Voltage Applied
299(1)
4.3 Feed Rate
299(1)
4.4 Effect of the Collector Plate
299(1)
4.5 Diameter of Needle of Syringe
300(1)
4.6 Distance Between Source and Collector Plate
300(1)
5 Water Purification
300(2)
6 Other Applications
302(1)
7 Future Recommendations or Prospects
303(1)
8 Conclusion
303(1)
References
304(5)
Chapter 12 Carbon Nanotube-Based Membranes for Water Purification
309(24)
Jieun Lee
1 Introduction
309(1)
2 Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment
310(1)
2.1 CNTs Material
310(1)
2.2 CNTs as an Adsorbent
311(1)
2.3 Recent Development of CNTs Composite Membranes
311(1)
3 Water Transport Through CNT Hollow Tubes
311(1)
4 Fabrication and Functionalization of CNTs Membranes for Water Purification
312(6)
4.1 Horizontally Aligned CNTs Membranes (Bucky Paper)
312(1)
4.2 Vertically Aligned CNT Membranes
312(2)
4.3 CNT Mixed-Matrix Membranes
314(1)
4.4 Functionalization of CNTs Membranes
314(4)
5 Factors Governing CNT Membranes' Performance
318(4)
5.1 CNT Properties
318(2)
5.2 Membrane Characteristics Affected by CNT Incorporation
320(2)
6 Comparison of CNTs Membranes With Other Commercially Available Membranes
322(1)
7 Current Challenges
323(1)
8 Conclusion
324(1)
References
325(8)
Chapter 13 Carbon Nanotubes for Advancing Separation Membranes
333(28)
Junfeng Zheng
Wen Zhang
Xuan Zhang
1 Introduction
333(1)
2 CNT Chemistry
334(2)
2.1 Basic Structures and Properties
334(1)
2.2 Water Transportation
335(1)
3 Functionalization of CNTs
336(2)
3.1 Covalent Functionalization
336(2)
3.2 Noncovalent Functionalization
338(1)
4 CNT-Based Membranes
338(13)
4.1 CNT Filter Membranes
344(1)
4.2 CNT/Polymer MMMs
345(3)
4.3 CNTs as Membrane Fillers
348(3)
5 Current Hurdles and Future Outlook
351(1)
Acknowledgment
352(1)
References
352(9)
Chapter 14 Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide Based Membranes
361(22)
Aneela Sabir
Maria Wasim
Muhammad Shafiq
Tahir Jamil
1 Membrane
361(1)
2 Current Membranes
362(1)
3 Carbon-Based Membranes
363(12)
3.1 Carbon Nanotube in Membranes Technology
363(6)
3.2 Graphene Oxide
369(6)
References
375(8)
Chapter 15 Graphene-Based Materials for Water Purification
383(48)
Mahdie Safarpour
Alireza Khataee
1 Introduction
383(1)
2 Water-Purification Methods Using Graphene-Based Materials
384(34)
2.1 Adsorption
384(8)
2.2 Photocatalysis
392(13)
2.3 Membrane Filtration
405(9)
2.4 Electrochemical Purification
414(3)
2.5 Other Methods
417(1)
3 Challenges of Graphene-Based Materials
418(1)
4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
419(1)
References
419(12)
Chapter 16 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Water Purification
431(16)
Chella Santhosh
Arumugam Malathi
Ehsan Dhaneshvar
Amit Bhatnagar
Andrews Nirmala Grace
Jagannathan Madhavan
1 Introduction
431(1)
2 Basic Principle of Semiconductor Photocatalysis
432(1)
3 Iron Oxide (α-Fe2O3) as Photocatalyst for Pollutant Degradation
433(7)
4 Iron Oxide (α-Fe2O3) as Adsorbents for Water Treatment
440(3)
5 Conclusions
443(1)
References
443(4)
Chapter 17 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes From Wastewater
447(26)
Sabzoi Nizamuddin
M.T.H. Siddiqui
N.M. Mubarak
Humair Ahmed Baloch
E.C. Abdullah
Shaukat A. Mazari
G.J. Griffin
M.P. Srinivasan
Akshat Tanksale
1 Introduction
447(1)
2 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials in Water Treatment
448(3)
3 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Dyes Removal From Wastewater
451(1)
4 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials as Nanoadsorbents
452(5)
4.1 Advantages of Using Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Adsorption Process
453(1)
4.2 Mechanism of Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Adsorption Process
454(1)
4.3 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials as Nanoadsorbent for Heavy Metals
455(1)
4.4 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Organic Contaminants
456(1)
5 Environmental Applications of the Iron Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
457(4)
6 Important Properties of Iron Oxide Nanomaterial for Environmental Applications
461(1)
7 Applications in the Environment
462(1)
8 Limitations and Challenges of Iron Nanomaterials in Future
463(1)
9 Conclusion
464(1)
References
464(9)
Chapter 18 Magnetic Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials for Water Purification
473(32)
Purna K. Boruah
Priyakshree Borthakur
Manash R. Das
1 Introduction
473(1)
2 Magnetic Separation for Water Purification
474(2)
2.1 Magnetic Nanomaterials and Its Fundamental Feature
475(1)
3 Types of Magnetic Nanomaterials
476(10)
3.1 Iron-Based Magnetic Nanomaterials
476(6)
3.2 Nickel-Based Magnetic Nanomaterials
482(3)
3.3 Cobalt-Based Magnetic Nanomaterials
485(1)
4 Magnetic Sorbents
486(7)
4.1 Magnetic Sorbents for Organic Pollutants
488(2)
4.2 Magnetic Sorbents for Inorganic Pollutants
490(2)
4.3 Magnetic Sorbents for Radioactive Pollutants
492(1)
5 Magnetically Separable Photocatalyst for Water Purification
493(3)
6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
496(1)
Acknowledgment
497(1)
References
497(6)
Further Reading
503(2)
Chapter 19 Surface Modifications of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Water Purification
505(16)
Luis Carlos de Morais
1 Introduction
505(13)
1.1 Synthesis of MNPs
505(1)
1.2 Some Aspects to be Considered in Surface Modification
506(1)
1.3 Some Strategies Used to Remove Pb2+From Water
507(5)
1.4 Removal of Organic Pollutants From Water
512(5)
1.5 Final Considerations
517(1)
References
518(3)
Chapter 20 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Water Purification
521(32)
Carlos Martinez-Boubeta
Konstantinos Simeonidis
1 Introduction
521(1)
2 Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles
522(3)
2.1 Composition
524(1)
2.2 Size
524(1)
2.3 Shape
525(1)
3 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Water Purification
525(7)
3.1 Direct Purification Agents
526(4)
3.2 Magnetic Carriers
530(2)
4 Magnetic Separation in Water Treatment
532(6)
4.1 Fundamentals
532(1)
4.2 Separation Units
533(3)
4.3 Implementing Magnetic Nanoparticles in Water Purification Systems
536(2)
5 Perspectives and Challenges
538(2)
6 Conclusions
540(1)
Acknowledgment
540(1)
References
541(11)
Further Reading
552(1)
Chapter 21 Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Water Purification
553(28)
Ewa Kowalska
Maya Endo
Zhishun Wei
Kunlei Wang
Marcin Janczarek
1 Introduction
553(1)
2 Forms of Noble Metals Used for Water Purification
554(8)
2.1 Chemically-Inert Support
556(1)
2.2 Chemically Active Support
557(5)
3 Removal of Chemical Pollutants
562(4)
3.1 Physical Methods for Contaminants Removal
562(1)
3.2 Decomposition/Degradation of Chemical Pollutants
562(4)
4 Removal of Microbiological Pollutants
566(6)
4.1 Microbial Inactivation on Noble Metal Nanoparticles---Direct Antimicrobial Action
567(3)
4.2 Microbial Inactivation on Noble-Metal Modified Photocatalysts---Indirect Antimicrobial Action
570(2)
5 Summary
572(1)
References
573(8)
Chapter 22 Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Water Purification
581(72)
Carolina Belver
Jorge Bedia
Almudena Gomez-Aviles
Manuel Penas-Garzon
Juan J. Rodriguez
1 Photocatalysis: State of the Art
581(7)
1.1 Photocatalysis for Water Purification
584(4)
2 UV-Active Nanoscale Semiconductors for Water Purification
588(4)
2.1 TiO2
588(2)
2.2 TiO2 Modifications
590(1)
2.3 ZnO Photocatalysts
591(1)
2.4 Metal Sulfides
592(1)
3 Visible and Sunlight Active Nanoscale Semiconductors for Water Purification
592(18)
3.1 TiO2 and Its Modifications
593(8)
3.2 ZnO and Other Oxides
601(1)
3.3 Ternary Oxides
602(1)
3.4 Non-Oxides Semiconductors as Photocatalysts
603(1)
3.5 Semiconductor Heterojunctions
604(5)
3.6 Novel Nanoarchitectures
609(1)
3.7 Nanoscale Photocatalyts Inmobilization
609(1)
4 Removal of Emerging Contaminants From Water by Photocatalysis
610(8)
4.1 Photocatalytic Materials for the Degradation of ECs From Water
612(6)
5 Photocatalyzed Disinfection
618(4)
5.1 Photocatalytic Disinfection Mechanisms
618(1)
5.2 Photocatalytic Materials for Water Disinfection
618(4)
6 Commercial Photocatalysts for Water Cleaning
622(1)
7 Concluding Remarks and Outlook
623(1)
Acknowledgments
624(1)
References
624(26)
Further Reading
650(3)
Chapter 23 Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Detoxification of Water
653(36)
Priyanka Ganguly
Suyana Panneri
U.S. Hareesh
Ailish Breen
Suresh C. Pillai
1 Introduction
653(1)
2 Photocatalytic Mechanism
654(1)
3 Photocatalytic Disinfection
655(12)
3.1 Disinfection Mechanism
655(2)
3.2 Disinfection Kinetic Models
657(3)
3.3 Factors Influencing the Disinfection Mechanism
660(1)
3.4 Photocatalytic Treatment of Pathogenic Microorganisms
661(6)
4 Photocatalytic Decontamination
667(9)
4.1 Photocatalytic Kinetics
667(4)
4.2 Photocatalytic Decontamination of Potential Pollutants
671(5)
5 Emergence of Visible Light Active Photocatalyst
676(2)
6 Conclusions
678(1)
Acknowledgments
678(1)
References
678(11)
Chapter 24 Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Water Purification
689(18)
Youji Li
Feitai Chen
Rongan He
Yingchun Wang
Ningmei Tang
1 Introduction
689(1)
2 Importance of Semiconductor Photocatalysis in Water Purification
689(2)
3 Types of Semiconductor
691(4)
3.1 Pure Semiconductor
691(2)
3.2 Element-Doped Semiconductor
693(1)
3.3 Porous Material-Supported Semiconductor
694(1)
4 Design of Photocatalytic Reactor for Water Purification
695(2)
5 Photoelectrocatalysis
697(1)
6 Parameter Affecting Photocatalysis Investigation
698(3)
6.1 Morphology
699(1)
6.2 Carrier Transfer and Separation Efficiency
699(2)
7 Challenges
701(1)
8 Conclusion
701(1)
References
701(6)
Chapter 25 Nanoscale Materials for Arsenic Removal From Water
707(28)
Abhijit Maiti
Saurabh Mishra
Mohit Chaudhary
1 Introduction
707(2)
2 Single Metallic Nanoparticles as Adsorbent
709(16)
2.1 Mixed Metal-Based Nanoparticles
712(2)
2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles
714(3)
2.3 Nanocomposite
717(7)
2.4 Photocatalytic Nanoparticles/Nanocomposites (Mainly Titanium-Based Nanoparticles)
724(1)
2.5 Nanocomposite Membranes
724(1)
3 Adsorption Mechanism of Arsenic on Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
725(3)
4 Concluding Remarks and Future Trends
728(1)
References
729(6)
Chapter 26 Challenges and Opportunities of Graphene-Based Materials in Current Desalination and Water Purification Technologies
735(24)
M. Ahmed
A. Giwa
S.W. Hasan
1 Introduction
735(1)
2 Graphene in Membrane and Desalination Applications
736(5)
2.1 Graphene-Based Membranes
736(2)
2.2 Stacked GO Membranes
738(1)
2.3 Capacitive Deionization Electrodes
739(2)
3 Graphene for Contaminants Adsorption
741(2)
3.1 Adsorption of Inorganic Contaminants
741(2)
3.2 Adsorption of Organic Contaminants
743(1)
4 Graphene for Disinfection
743(2)
5 Graphene-Based Materials for Catalytic, Photocatalytic, Electrocatalytic, and Electrophotocatalytic Oxidative Degradation of Contaminants
745(5)
5.1 Graphene-Based Materials for Catalytic Oxidative Degradation of Organic Contaminants
745(3)
5.2 Graphene-Based Materials for Photocatalytic Oxidative Degradation of Organic Contaminants
748(1)
5.3 Graphene-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidative Degradation of Organic Contaminants
749(1)
6 Ecotoxicological Effects of Graphene-Based Materials
750(1)
7 Commercial Challenges of Graphene-Based Materials
751(1)
8 Conclusions
752(1)
Acknowledgment
752(1)
References
753(6)
Chapter 27 Photocatalysis of Graphene and Carbon Nitride-Based Functional Carbon Quantum Dots
759(24)
Amit Mishra
Soumen Basu
Nagaraj P. Shetti
Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
1 Introduction
759(2)
2 Graphene Quantum Dot (GQDs)-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts: Preparation Methods and Photocatalytic Applications for Wastewater Treatment and Water Splitting
761(7)
2.1 Synthesis Procedures for GQDs Based Heterostructures
761(1)
2.2 GQD-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment
762(1)
2.3 GQD-Based Heterostructures for Water Splitting
763(5)
3 C3N4 Quantum Dots-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts---Preparation Methods and Photocatalytic Applications for Wastewater Treatment and Water Splitting
768(2)
3.1 Synthesis Procedures for GCNQDs Based Heterostructures
768(1)
3.2 GCNQD-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment
768(1)
3.3 GCNQD-Based Heterostructures for Water Splitting
769(1)
4 Carbon Quantum Dots-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts: Preparation Methods and Photocatalytic Applications for Wastewater Treatment and Water Splitting
770(3)
4.1 Synthesis Procedures for CQD-Based Heterostructures
770(2)
4.2 CQD-Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment
772(1)
4.3 CQD-Based Heterostructures for Water Splitting
772(1)
5 Limitations and Challenges
773(1)
6 Conclusion
774(2)
References
776(7)
Chapter 28 New Generation Nano-Based Adsorbents for Water Purification
783(16)
Ankita Dhillon
Dinesh Kumar
1 Introduction
783(1)
2 Adsorption
784(1)
3 Water Treatment Using Nanoparticles
784(7)
3.1 Inorganic Pollutants Remediation
784(4)
3.2 Removal of Organic Pollutants
788(1)
3.3 Removal of Biological Pollutants
789(1)
3.4 Nanotubes Applications
790(1)
4 Nanotoxicology
791(1)
5 Future Perspectives
792(1)
6 Conclusion
793(1)
Acknowledgments
793(1)
References
793(6)
Chapter 29 Chitosan-Based Membranes for Wastewater Desalination and Heavy Metal Detoxification
799(16)
Sapna
Rekha Sharma
Dinesh Kumar
1 Introduction
799(1)
2 Blended and Supported Chitosan Membrane
800(1)
3 Chitosan-Based Composite Membranes
801(4)
4 Chitosan Membranes and Composites for the Removal of Organic Pollutants and Dyes
805(1)
5 Summary
806(2)
6 Future Scenario
808(1)
Acknowledgment
808(1)
References
808(7)
Chapter 30 Recent Progress in TiO2- and ZnO-Based Nanostructured Hybrid Photocatalysts for Water Purification and Hydrogen Generation
815(30)
Ch. Venkata Reddy
Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Nagaraj P. Shetti
Amit Mishra
Soumen Basu
1 Introduction
815(1)
2 H2 Production From Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
816(12)
2.1 H2 Generation by TiO2
817(5)
2.2 H2 Generation by ZnO
822(6)
3 Application of Photocatalysis in Water Purification
828(7)
3.1 Photocatalytic Water Purification by TiO2
829(3)
3.2 Photocatalytic Water Purification by ZnO
832(3)
4 Conclusion
835(3)
References
838(7)
Index 845
Dr. Sabu Thomas (Ph.D.) is the Director of the School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Mahatma Gandhi University, India. He received his Ph. D. in 1987 in Polymer Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London, and a member of the American Chemical Society. He has been ranked no.1 in India about the number of publications (most productive scientists). Prof. Thomass research group specialized areas of polymers which includes Polymer blends, Fiber filled polymer composites, Particulate-filled polymer composites and their morphological characterization, Ageing and degradation, Pervaporation phenomena, sorption and diffusion, Interpenetrating polymer systems, Recyclability and reuse of waste plastics and rubbers, Elastomer cross-linking, Dual porous nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering, etc. Prof. Thomass research group has extensive exchange programs with different industries, research, and academic institutions all over the world and is performing world-class collaborative research in various fields. Professors Centre is equipped with various sophisticated instruments and has established state-of-the-art experimental facilities which cater to the needs of researchers within the country and abroad. His H Index- 133, Google Citations- 86424, Number of Publications- 1300, and Books-160.

Dr. Pasquini graduated in Chemistry from the Federal University of Uberlândia in 1998. He earned his master's degree in Physicochemical Sciences in 2000 and his PhD in Physicochemical Sciences in 2004 from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. He completed a PhD internship in 2003 and a postdoctoral fellowship in 2005 at the École Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques in Grenoble, France. From 2004 to 2008, Dr. Pasquini served as the coordinator of the Research and Development Group in Paints at AW Faber-Castell SA. He was an Assistant Researcher at the University of Aveiro's CICECO - Center for Research in Ceramic and Composite Materials between 2008 and 2009. Currently, he is a Professor at the Chemistry Institute of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil, where he has coordinated the Postgraduate Program in Biofuels.

Dr. Pasquini is actively involved in projects related to the valorization and chemical modification of plant macromolecules, as well as the development of new materials derived from renewable sources. His research focuses on applications such as polymer materials, composites, nanocomposites, nanofibers, spherical nanoparticles, and membranes.

Shao-Yuan (Ben) Leu is Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. His research focuses on the treatment of waste water. Deepu A. Gopakumar works as Post-doctoral fellow at School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. His research focuses on nanocellulose-based polymer membranes for water treatment.