Preface and Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Notation |
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xiii | |
Part I Fundamentals |
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1 | (26) |
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3 | (8) |
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1.1 Empowering Smart and Connected Communities through Microgrids and Networked Microgrids |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Challenges in Networked Microgrids |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 Basics of Microgrid Control |
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11 | (16) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Hierarchical Control Principle |
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13 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Droop Control for Microgrids |
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15 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Master-Slave Control |
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18 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Tertiary Control and Remedial Action Schemes |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3 Virtual Synchronous Generator |
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20 | (2) |
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2.4 A Note about DER Modeling |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (4) |
Part II Networked Microgrids |
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27 | (172) |
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3 Compositional Networked Microgrid Power Flow |
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29 | (14) |
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3.1 Challenges of Networked Microgrid Power Flow |
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29 | (1) |
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3.2 Compositional Power Flow |
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29 | (5) |
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3.2.1 ADPF for Individual Islanded Microgrids |
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30 | (1) |
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3.2.2 ASPF for Networked Microgrids |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.3 Test and Validation of Compositional Power Flow |
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34 | (8) |
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42 | (1) |
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4 Resilient Networked Microgrids through Software-Defined Networking |
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43 | (48) |
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4.1 Networking Microgrids |
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43 | (1) |
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4.2 Software-Defined Networking |
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44 | (7) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (2) |
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4.2.4 SDN-Based Microgrid Communication Architecture |
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48 | (3) |
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4.3 Distributed Power Sharing for Networked Microgrids |
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51 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Droop Control and DAPI Control |
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51 | (3) |
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4.3.2 The Global Layer of Active Power Sharing for Networked Microgrids |
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54 | (3) |
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4.4 SDN-Enabled Event-Triggered Communication |
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57 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Sharing Power with the Nearest Neighbors |
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57 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Event-Triggered Communication and Control through SDN |
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57 | (4) |
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4.5 The Cyberphysical Networked Microgrids Testbed |
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61 | (13) |
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4.5.1 Architecture of the Cyberphysical Networked Microgrids Testbed |
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61 | (2) |
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4.5.2 The Cyberphysical Simulator and Networked Microgrids Model |
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63 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Inside the Networked Microgrid Model |
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63 | (7) |
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4.5.4 Event-Triggered Communication through SDN |
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70 | (4) |
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4.6 Testing and Validation |
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74 | (11) |
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4.6.1 Study I: The Single-Event Scenario |
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76 | (7) |
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4.6.2 Study II: Multiple-Contingency Cases |
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83 | (2) |
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4.7 Conclusion and Guide for Future Applications |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (4) |
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5 Formal Analysis of Networked Microgrids Dynamics |
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91 | (43) |
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91 | (2) |
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5.2 Formal Analysis of Microgrid Dynamics |
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93 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Impact of Disturbances on the State Matrix |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Modeling Disturbances in Networked Microgrids |
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95 | (1) |
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5.3 Stability Margin Analysis on NMs |
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96 | (8) |
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5.3.1 Quasi diagonalized Gerggorin Theorem |
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96 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Stability Margin Calculation |
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98 | (6) |
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5.4 Distributed Formal Analysis (DFA) |
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104 | (1) |
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5.5 Partitioning a Large Networked Microgrids System |
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105 | (4) |
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105 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Partitioning a Large NM System |
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107 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Modeling of Each Subsystem |
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108 | (1) |
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5.6 Implementation of DFA for Networked Microgrids Analysis |
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109 | (3) |
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5.6.1 Procedure of Calculation |
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109 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Distributed Algorithm and Data Exchange in DFA |
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110 | (2) |
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5.6.3 Implementation of DQG |
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112 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Stability Margin Assessment |
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112 | (1) |
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5.7 Testing and Validation of FA and DFA |
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112 | (20) |
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5.7.1 Reachable Set Calculation in FA |
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114 | (5) |
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5.7.2 Assessment of Stability Margin through FA Enhanced the Quasi diagonalized Gerggorin Technique |
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119 | (3) |
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5.7.3 DFA with System Decomposition |
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122 | (3) |
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5.7.4 DFA for Calculating Reachable Set |
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125 | (5) |
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5.7.5 DQG-Based DFA Approach to Probing the Stability Margin |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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6 Active Fault Management for Networked Microgrids |
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134 | (24) |
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134 | (1) |
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6.2 Multifunctional AFM to Enable Microgrid Survivability |
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135 | (2) |
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6.3 Distributed AFM for Networked Microgrids |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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6.5 A Distributed Solution to AFM |
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139 | (6) |
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6.5.1 Basics of Lagrangian Relaxation |
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139 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Solving AFM Using Distributed and Asynchronous SLR |
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141 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Implementation of Distributed AFM on Multiple Computation Cores |
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143 | (2) |
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6.6 Testing and Validation |
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145 | (11) |
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6.6.1 Single-Line-to-Ground Fault |
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147 | (3) |
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6.6.2 Double-Line-to-Ground Fault |
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150 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Three-Phase-to-Ground Fault |
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151 | (5) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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7 Cyberattack-Resilient Networked Microgrids |
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158 | (22) |
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158 | (1) |
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7.2 Architecture of Software-Defined Active Synchronous Detection |
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159 | (2) |
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7.3 Defense against Cyberattacks on an SDN Network |
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161 | (2) |
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7.3.1 Update of the Host Tracking Service in an SDN Controller |
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161 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Defending Strategies |
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162 | (1) |
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7.4 Active Synchronous Detection in DER Controllers of NMs |
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163 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Probe Signals for Active Synchronous Detection |
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163 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Active Synchronous Detection on DER Controllers |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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7.5 Test and Validation of Software-Defined Active Synchronous Detection |
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166 | (12) |
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7.5.1 SDASD Performance Verification on Cyberattacks Defense |
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166 | (6) |
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7.5.2 Effectiveness of Active Synchronous Detection on Power Bot Attacks |
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172 | (6) |
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178 | (2) |
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8 Networked DC Microgrids |
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180 | (19) |
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8.1 Overview of DC Microgrids |
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180 | (1) |
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8.2 Bipolar DC Microgrids |
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181 | (2) |
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8.3 Networked DC Microgrids |
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183 | (1) |
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8.4 Dynamic Modeling of DC Microgrids |
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183 | (9) |
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186 | (5) |
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8.4.2 MIMO Tools for Stability and Interaction Analysis |
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191 | (1) |
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8.5 Stability and Mutual Interactions Analysis |
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192 | (5) |
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192 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Mutual Interactions |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (2) |
Part III Prospect |
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199 | (23) |
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9 Software-Defined Distribution Network and Software-Defined Microgrids |
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201 | (14) |
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201 | (2) |
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9.2 Software-Defined Distribution Network and Software-Defined Networked Microgrids |
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203 | (3) |
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9.3 Scalable and Resilient Network Management |
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206 | (2) |
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9.3.1 SDN-Enabled Communication Infrastructure |
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206 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Scalable and Distributed Real-Time Data Analytics Platform for SD2N |
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207 | (1) |
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9.4 Distributed Advanced Energy Management System |
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208 | (3) |
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9.4.1 SD2N-Enabled Distributed Distribution System State Estimation |
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209 | (1) |
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9.4.2 SD2N-Enabled Distribution Optimal Power Flow |
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209 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Resilience Engineering for Future Power Networks |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (4) |
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10 Future Perspectives: Programmable Microgrids |
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215 | (7) |
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10.1 Smart Programmable Microgrids |
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216 | (1) |
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10.2 Evaluation of Programmable Microgrids |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (3) |
Index |
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222 | |