Preface |
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vii | |
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Part 1 Knowledge Representation |
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1 | (74) |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Properties of Entity |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Constraints of Entity |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (4) |
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1.3.1 Entity with Self-Intelligence |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Role of Human Language |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Conceptual World and Its Definition |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4 Knowledge and Its Definition |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5 Artificial Self-Intelligence and Its Roadmap |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2 Basics of Human Language |
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15 | (14) |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Use of Human Language |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.4 Invention of Pronouns |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.7 Invention of Adjectives |
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20 | (1) |
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2.8 Invention of Prepositions |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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2.9.1 Language Models of Phrases |
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22 | (1) |
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2.9.2 Language Models of Sentences |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (4) |
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3 Basics of Technical Language |
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29 | (28) |
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29 | (1) |
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3.2 Use of Technical Language |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (4) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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4 Basics of Programming Language |
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57 | (18) |
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57 | (1) |
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4.2 Use of Programming Language |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (5) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (5) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Part 2 Knowledge Acquisition |
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75 | (242) |
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5 Knowledge Acquisition from Text |
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77 | (28) |
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77 | (1) |
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5.2 Representation of Human Language |
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77 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Representation of Physical Meanings |
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78 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Representation of Conceptual Meanings |
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81 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Representation of Concept-physical Meanings |
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84 | (2) |
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5.3 Transformation From Text to Speech |
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86 | (4) |
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5.4 Transformation From Speech to Text |
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90 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Sensing of Analogue Sound Waves |
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90 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Sampling of Analogue Sound Signals |
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91 | (1) |
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5.4.3 ADC of Discrete-time Sound Signals |
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91 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Segmentation of Digital Sound Signals |
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91 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Fourier Transform of Digital Sound Signals |
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92 | (2) |
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5.4.6 Symbol Grounding of Digital Sound Unit |
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94 | (1) |
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5.4.7 Composition of Words |
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95 | (1) |
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5.4.8 Composition of Sentences |
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96 | (1) |
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5.5 Transformation From Image to Text |
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96 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Digitization of Input Image |
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96 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Identification of Background Color |
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97 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Segmentation of Text Image |
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98 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Alignment of Text Image |
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98 | (1) |
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5.5.5 Segmentation of Word Image |
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98 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Symbol Grounding of Word Image |
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99 | (3) |
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5.6 Transformation From Text to Meanings |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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6 Basics of Visual Perception |
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105 | (34) |
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6.1 Nature of Human Vision |
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105 | (17) |
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6.1.1 Human Vision Is Composite |
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106 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Human Vision Is Parallel |
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106 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Human Vision is Quantitative |
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107 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Human Vision Is Qualitative |
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108 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Human Vision Is Situated |
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109 | (2) |
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6.1.6 Human Vision Is Developmental |
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111 | (2) |
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6.1.7 Human Vision Is Cognitive |
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113 | (6) |
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6.1.8 Human Vision Is Attentive |
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119 | (3) |
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6.2 Nature of Machine Vision |
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122 | (14) |
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6.2.1 What Is Machine Vision |
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122 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Machine Vision Is Computational |
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125 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Machine Vision Is Cognitive |
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126 | (10) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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7 Knowledge Acquisition from Color |
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139 | (44) |
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139 | (1) |
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7.2 Transformation From Light to Color Image |
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140 | (6) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Color Image Formation |
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145 | (1) |
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7.3 Representation of Color |
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146 | (17) |
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7.3.1 Color's Properties in Physical World |
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146 | (14) |
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7.3.2 Color's Properties in Conceptual Worlds |
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160 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Data Structure of Organized Meanings |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (10) |
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163 | (5) |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (5) |
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7.5.1 Use of Symbol Grounding Network |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Use of Multi-scale Color Indices |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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8 Knowledge Acquisition from Shape |
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183 | (62) |
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183 | (1) |
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8.2 Transformation from Image to Shape |
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183 | (24) |
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8.2.1 Definition of Shape |
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185 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Use of Color Histogram |
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186 | (3) |
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8.2.3 Use of Color Region |
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189 | (7) |
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196 | (4) |
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8.2.5 Use of Color Texture |
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200 | (7) |
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8.3 Representation of Shape |
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207 | (22) |
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8.3.1 Properties of Shape in Physical World |
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207 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Representation of Shape's Physical Properties |
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209 | (16) |
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8.3.3 Representation of Shape's Conceptual Properties |
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225 | (3) |
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8.3.4 Data Structure of Organized Meanings |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (8) |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (4) |
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8.5.1 Open-loop Approach to Shape Recognition |
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237 | (3) |
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8.5.2 Closed-loop Approach to Shape Recognition |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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9 Knowledge Acquisition from Depth |
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245 | (72) |
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245 | (2) |
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9.2 Transformation From Depth to Image |
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247 | (21) |
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9.2.1 Properties of Image Plane |
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248 | (4) |
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9.2.2 Properties of Camera |
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252 | (3) |
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9.2.3 Relative Pose Between Camera's Coordinate Systems |
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255 | (4) |
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9.2.4 Relative Motion Between Camera's Coordinate Systems |
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259 | (2) |
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9.2.5 Baseline Between Camera's Coordinate Systems |
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261 | (4) |
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9.2.6 Projection of Points from Scene to Image |
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265 | (1) |
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9.2.7 Projection of Velocities from Scene to Image |
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266 | (2) |
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9.3 Transformation from Image to Apparent Motion |
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268 | (14) |
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9.3.1 Formation of Apparent Motion |
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268 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Registration of Image Sequence |
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269 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Use of Conglomerated Appearance |
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270 | (5) |
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9.3.4 Matching of Conglomerated Appearances |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (4) |
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9.4 Representation of Depth |
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282 | (11) |
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282 | (2) |
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9.4.2 Continuous Depth-map in Camera Frame |
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284 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Discrete Depth-map in Camera Frame |
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284 | (2) |
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9.4.4 Discrete Scene in Viewer Frame |
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286 | (2) |
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9.4.5 Generalized Depth-map in Viewer Frame |
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288 | (1) |
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9.4.6 Concept of Look-through Scene |
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289 | (1) |
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9.4.7 Concept of Depth Redundancy |
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289 | (2) |
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9.4.8 Conceptual Meaning of Depth |
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291 | (1) |
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9.4.9 Data Structure of Organized Meanings |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (16) |
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9.5.1 Depth from Visual Computing |
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293 | (14) |
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9.5.2 Visual Learning of Depth |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (5) |
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310 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Use of Predication and Verification Loop |
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311 | (2) |
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9.6.3 Estimation of Recognized View's Pose |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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Part 3 Knowledge Computation |
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317 | (26) |
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10 Computing Statics of Generic Data |
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319 | (8) |
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319 | (1) |
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10.2 Computation of Data's Center |
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319 | (1) |
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10.3 Computation of Data's Spread |
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320 | (1) |
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10.4 Computation of Data's Occurrence |
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320 | (1) |
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10.5 Computation of Data's Similarity |
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321 | (1) |
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10.6 Computation of Data's Dissimilarity |
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321 | (1) |
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10.7 Computation of Data's Correlation |
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322 | (2) |
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10.8 Computation of Data's Principal Components |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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11 Computing Dynamics of Mechanical Systems |
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327 | (16) |
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327 | (1) |
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11.2 Computation of Mechanism's Motion |
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327 | (7) |
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328 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Equation of Trajectory |
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329 | (5) |
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11.3 Computation of Mechanism's Kinematics |
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334 | (3) |
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11.3.1 Equation of Forward Kinematics |
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334 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Equation of Inverse Kinematics |
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336 | (1) |
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11.4 Computation of Mechanism's Dynamics |
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337 | (3) |
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11.4.1 Equation of Forward Dynamics |
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337 | (3) |
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11.4.2 Equation of Inverse Dynamics |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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Part 4 Knowledge Application |
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343 | (34) |
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12 Knowledge-enabled Applications |
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345 | (32) |
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345 | (1) |
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12.2 Vision-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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345 | (14) |
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12.2.1 Vision-based Measurement |
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346 | (4) |
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12.2.2 Vision-based Guidance |
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350 | (3) |
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12.2.3 Visual Recognition |
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353 | (3) |
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12.2.4 Visual Understanding |
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356 | (3) |
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12.3 Speech-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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359 | (4) |
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12.3.1 Conversational Dialogue |
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360 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Voice-controlled Action |
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360 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Massive Sense-making |
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361 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Meaning-based Machine Translation |
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361 | (1) |
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12.3.5 Voice-based Inquiry |
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362 | (1) |
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12.4 Planning-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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363 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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12.5 Control-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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365 | (2) |
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12.5.1 Achieving Stability |
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366 | (1) |
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12.5.2 Achieving Smallest Delay in Time |
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366 | (1) |
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12.5.3 Achieving Smallest Error in Output |
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366 | (1) |
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12.6 Data-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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367 | (4) |
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12.6.1 Strategy for Market Reward and Market Acceptance |
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369 | (1) |
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12.6.2 Development of Internal Capabilities |
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370 | (1) |
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12.6.3 Optimization of Internal Processes |
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371 | (1) |
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12.7 Design-centric Intelligence and Its Applications |
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371 | (5) |
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12.7.1 Designing Products |
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371 | (2) |
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12.7.2 Designing Factories |
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373 | (1) |
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12.7.3 Designing Universities |
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374 | (1) |
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12.7.4 Designing Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
Bibliography |
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377 | (4) |
Index |
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381 | |