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1 The Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing |
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1 | (40) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Influencing Factors of EMAT |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2.1 Influence of Wire Spacing of the Coil on the Performance of EMAT |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.2 The Influence of the Number of Foldings on the Performance of EMAT |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.3 The Influence of Coil Liftoff on the Performance of EMAT |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 EMATs for the Generation of Guided Waves Along the Axial Direction of the Pipe |
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6 | (3) |
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1.3.1 The Modes of Axial Guided Waves and Frequency Dispersion |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.2 The Structure of Axial Guided Wave EMAT and Its Transduction Principle |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 The Dispersion Characteristics of the Guided Waves |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4.1 The Dispersion Characteristics of the Lamb Waves in the Plate |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4.2 The Dispersion Characteristics of the SH Guided Waves in the Plate |
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10 | (1) |
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1.5 The Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing Technique |
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11 | (30) |
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1.5.1 Thickness Measurement Based on Electromagnetic Ultrasound |
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11 | (7) |
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1.5.2 Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing Along the Axial Direction of the Pipeline |
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18 | (17) |
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1.5.3 Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing for Cracks in the Natural Gas Pipeline |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (2) |
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2 The Pulsed Eddy Current Testing |
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41 | (40) |
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2.1 Basic Principle of Electromagnetism |
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42 | (6) |
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2.1.1 The Penetration Depth and the Skin Effect |
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43 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Principle of Probe Design |
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45 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Principle of the Pulsed Eddy Current Testing |
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46 | (2) |
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2.2 The Coil Sensors in the Pulsed Eddy Current Testing |
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48 | (24) |
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2.2.1 Classifications of the Testing Coils |
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49 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Working Modes of the Testing Coils |
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49 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Probes of the Pulsed Eddy Current Testing |
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50 | (22) |
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2.2.4 The Reciprocity Rule in Probe Design |
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72 | (1) |
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2.3 Circuits of the Pulsed Eddy Current Testing |
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72 | (9) |
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2.3.1 The Power Supply Module |
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73 | (2) |
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2.3.2 The Excitation Source |
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75 | (1) |
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2.3.3 The Analog Signal Processing Module |
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76 | (1) |
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2.3.4 The Microcontroller Subsystem |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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3 The Remote-Field Eddy Current Testing |
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81 | (56) |
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81 | (3) |
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3.2 The Mathematical Model of the RFEC in the Pipeline |
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84 | (7) |
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84 | (4) |
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3.2.2 The Propagation of the AC Magnetic Field in the Ferromagnetic Pipe Wall |
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88 | (2) |
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3.2.3 The Voltage Signal of the Receiving Coil |
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90 | (1) |
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3.3 The FEM Modeling of the RFEC in the Pipeline |
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91 | (14) |
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3.3.1 Introduction to the FEM and ANSYS |
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91 | (4) |
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3.3.2 Building the Remote-Field Eddy Current Model |
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95 | (10) |
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3.4 2D FEM Simulation of RFEC in Pipeline |
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105 | (16) |
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3.4.1 Electromagnetic Decomposition Analysis |
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109 | (3) |
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3.4.2 The Evaluation Model of the Magnetic Field at the Inner Pipeline Surface |
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112 | (2) |
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3.4.3 Analysis of the Full Circumferential Defect |
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114 | (4) |
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3.4.4 Relation of the Defect Signal with the Dimensions of the Defect |
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118 | (3) |
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3.5 3D FEM Simulation of the RFEC in the Pipeline |
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121 | (16) |
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3.5.1 Signal of the Groove Defect |
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121 | (7) |
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3.5.2 Relationship Between Axial Defect Signal and Defect Size |
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128 | (7) |
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135 | (2) |
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4 Low-Frequency Eddy Current Testing |
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137 | (32) |
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137 | (1) |
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4.2 Finite Element Simulation of Eddy Current Coils |
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138 | (22) |
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4.2.1 The Finite Element Modal of Coils |
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138 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Result of Probe Coil Finite Element Simulation |
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140 | (10) |
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4.2.3 Theoretical Analysis of Probe Coil Model |
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150 | (10) |
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4.3 Pipe Deformation Detecting System Based on Low-Frequency Eddy Current |
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160 | (9) |
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160 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Digital Alternating Current Bridge Measuring Circuit |
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161 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Signal Processing and Display Module |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (2) |
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5 Metal Magnetic Memory Testing |
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169 | (16) |
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169 | (1) |
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5.2 The Relationship Between Metal Magnetic Memory and Geomagnetic Field |
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170 | (15) |
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5.2.1 The Influence of Geomagnetic Field to Metal Magnetic Memory Testing |
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170 | (5) |
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5.2.2 The Influence of Geomagnetic Field to Metal Magnetic Memory Generation |
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175 | (4) |
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5.2.3 Stress Distribution Detection by Metal Magnetic Memory Testing Method |
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179 | (4) |
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183 | (2) |
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6 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing |
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185 | |
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185 | (2) |
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6.2 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Principle |
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187 | (2) |
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6.3 The Influence Factors of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing |
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189 | (7) |
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6.3.1 The Thickness of Material |
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190 | (1) |
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6.3.2 The Component of Material |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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6.3.4 The Space Between Magnetic Poles |
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190 | (1) |
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6.3.5 The Speed of Inspector |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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6.3.7 The Internal Stress |
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193 | (1) |
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6.3.8 The Lift off of Probe |
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193 | (3) |
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6.4 Defect Quantification Method of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing |
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196 | |
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6.4.1 Defect Quantification Method Based on Statistical Identification |
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197 | (5) |
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6.4.2 Defect Quantification Method Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) |
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202 | (6) |
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6.4.3 Defect Quantification Method Based on Three-Dimensional Finite Element Neural Network |
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208 | (13) |
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221 | |