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xv | |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
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Chapter 1 A Preview of Coming Attractions |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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A Preview of Upcoming Chapters |
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5 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts of Flow |
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9 | (8) |
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9 | (2) |
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Flowmeters Used in the Process Industries |
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11 | (1) |
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Defining the Process Industries |
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11 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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Natural Gas and Industrial Gases |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 The Paradigm Case Method of Selecting Flowmeters |
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17 | (20) |
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17 | (1) |
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Introduction to Flowmeter Types and Flowmeter Selection |
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17 | (1) |
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New-Technology Flowmeters |
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18 | (5) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Summary Tables of Advantages, Disadvantages and Principles of Operation |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (6) |
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Familiarity Breeds Respect |
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27 | (1) |
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Switching Technologies Has a Cost |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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What Is a Differential Pressure (DP) Flowmeter |
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28 | (1) |
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To Stay with DP or Switch |
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28 | (1) |
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Where DP Meters Excel, and Considerations |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Review Tables of Paradigm Case Conditions |
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32 | (5) |
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Paradigm Case Selection Method |
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32 | (1) |
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Paradigm Case Selection Steps |
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33 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Coriolis Flowmeters |
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37 | (22) |
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37 | (1) |
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A Review of Early Coriolis Patents |
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38 | (2) |
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Coriolis Flowmeter Companies |
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40 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Foxboro by Schneider Electric |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Foxboro by Schneider Electric Coriolis Flowmeters |
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42 | (1) |
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Coriolis Flowmeter Theory of Operation |
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42 | (9) |
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43 | (1) |
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Looking into the Soul of a Coriolis Flowmeter |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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How Coriolis Flowmeters Came to Be |
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50 | (1) |
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Growth Factors for the Coriolis Flowmeter Market |
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51 | (4) |
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Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Is a Promising Application |
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52 | (1) |
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Suppliers Introduce Lower Cost Meters |
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53 | (1) |
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New Product Features Improve the Performance of Coriolis Meters |
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53 | (1) |
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Coriolis Flowmeters Have Reduced Maintenance Requirements |
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53 | (1) |
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Straight-Tube Meters Eliminate Some Performance Issues with Bent Tube Meters |
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54 | (1) |
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Large Diameter Meters Open Up New Applications |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (4) |
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Large Line Size Coriolis Meters |
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55 | (1) |
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Explaining the Coriolis Force or Effect |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Magnetic Flowmeters |
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59 | (16) |
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Why Are Magmeters so Popular |
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59 | (1) |
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Willing to Do the Dirty Work |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Accurate and Cost Effective |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Alternating Current versus Direct Current |
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61 | (1) |
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Liners -- the "Secret Sauce" of Magnetic Flowmeters |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Areas of Growth for Magnetic Flowmeters |
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62 | (1) |
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Important Facts about Magnetic Flowmeters |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Magnetic Flowmeter Companies |
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64 | (3) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Magnetic Flowmeter Products |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Growth Factors for the Magnetic Flowmeter Market |
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68 | (4) |
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The Installed Base of Magnetic Flowmeters |
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69 | (1) |
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New Developments in Two-wire and Battery-operated Magmeters |
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70 | (1) |
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Companies Are Improving Magnetic Flowmeter Technology |
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70 | (1) |
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Magnetic Flowmeters Are Very Popular in Europe |
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71 | (1) |
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Foundation Fieldbus and Profibus Products Are Becoming More Widely Available |
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71 | (1) |
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The Large Number of Magnetic Flowmeter Suppliers |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
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Measuring Liquids with Lower Conductivity Values |
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72 | (1) |
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Continued Advances in Liners |
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72 | (1) |
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A Continued Focus on Market Strengths |
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72 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Ultrasonic Flowmeters |
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75 | (24) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Ultrasonic Flowmeter Companies |
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77 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeters |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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The Difference between Paths and Chords |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Is Chord "Marketing Speak" |
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82 | (1) |
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Suppliers' Interpretation of Paths and Chords - and What This Means for Ultrasonic Flowmeters |
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82 | (6) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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One Solution: Talk about Chords and Paths Together |
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87 | (1) |
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Everyone Has a Responsibility Here |
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88 | (1) |
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Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Is an Increasingly Important Measurement for Ultrasonic Flowmeters |
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88 | (10) |
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Growth Factors for the Ultrasonic Flowmeter Market |
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89 | (1) |
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Ultrasonic Flowmeters Have Gained the Trust of End-users |
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90 | (1) |
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Ultrasonic Flowmeter Technology Compares Well to Other Flowmeter Types |
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90 | (2) |
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Signal Processing Technology Is Improving |
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92 | (1) |
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Multipath Ultrasonic Flowmeters Used for Custody Transfer |
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93 | (1) |
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Transit Time Flowmeters Have Expanded Their Capability to Measure Fluids with Particles |
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93 | (1) |
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Flow Calibration Facilities Are Now More Available |
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94 | (2) |
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Flow Measurement Redundancy Is Now More Important |
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96 | (1) |
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Clamp-on Models Hit Their Stride in Very Large Pipe Diameters |
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96 | (1) |
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The Worldwide Business of Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Technological Improvements over the Last Two Decades Have Continued to Expand Ultrasonic Meter Use |
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98 | (1) |
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More Research into Doppler Meters |
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98 | (1) |
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More Research into Custody Transfer Applications |
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98 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Vortex Flowmeters |
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99 | (12) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Vortex Flowmeters Provide Accurate and Reliable Flow Measurement at a Competitive Price |
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100 | (1) |
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The Origin of Multivariable Vortex Flowmeters |
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101 | (1) |
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Vortex Flowmeter Companies |
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102 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Yokogawa Electric Corporation |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Vortex Flowmeter Performance |
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104 | (1) |
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Growth Factors for the Vortex Flowmeter Market |
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105 | (4) |
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Steam Flow Is a Growing Application for Vortex Flowmeters |
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105 | (1) |
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Product Consolidation and New Suppliers Have Changed the Market Dynamics |
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106 | (1) |
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More Companies Are Introducing Multivariable Flowmeters |
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106 | (1) |
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Custody Transfer of Natural Gas |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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District Heating Applications Are Becoming More Popular |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Steam Flow Continues to Be a Strength for Vortex Meters |
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110 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Thermal Flowmeters |
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111 | (18) |
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111 | (1) |
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The Origins of Thermal Flowmeters |
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111 | (1) |
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Development History of Thermal Flowmeters |
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112 | (2) |
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Thermal Flowmeter Companies |
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114 | (1) |
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Fluid Components International |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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There Are Two Different Methods for Doing This |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Other Thermal Flowmeter Companies |
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117 | (1) |
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Advantages and Disadvantages |
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118 | (1) |
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Applications for Thermal Flowmeters |
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119 | (1) |
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Growth Factors for the Thermal Flowmeter Market |
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119 | (7) |
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A New Age of Environmental Awareness |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) and Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions Boost Thermal Flowmeter Sales |
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122 | (2) |
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Low-flow Gas Measurement Is a Strength |
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124 | (1) |
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High Turndown Ratios and the Ability to Measure Multiple Gases Are a Plus |
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124 | (1) |
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Flare Gas Measurement and Submetering of Gas Flows |
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125 | (1) |
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The Water and Wastewater Industry |
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126 | (1) |
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Factors Limiting the Growth of the Thermal Flowmeter Market |
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126 | (2) |
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Limited Application for Liquids and Steam |
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127 | (1) |
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Sensitivity to Changing Gas Compositions/Properties |
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127 | (1) |
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Lack of Approvals for Custody Transfer |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Measuring Greenhouse Gases |
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128 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Application Advances in New-Technology Flowmeters |
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129 | (16) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Advances in Flowmeter Technology |
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133 | (9) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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142 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 The Geometry of Flow |
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145 | (14) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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A Line Is the Path of a Moving Point |
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146 | (1) |
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Points Lie on the Line, Not in the Line |
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146 | (1) |
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How Many Points Lie on a Line |
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147 | (1) |
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When Boundaries Matter: Defining Points and Lines |
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147 | (1) |
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Two Conceptions of Points and Lines |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Lines, and the Natural and Real Number Lines |
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150 | (1) |
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Infinity and the Number Line |
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151 | (1) |
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Making a Measurement Requires a Unit of Measurement and a Degree of Precision |
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151 | (1) |
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Length in Flow Measurement: Does a Pipe Circumference Have Width |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (6) |
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An Alternative Unit of Measure |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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159 | (2) |
Index |
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161 | |