Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Nonlinear ocean motion equations: Introduction and overview |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 What is meant by ocean dynamics? |
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1 | (2) |
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1.3 What is meant by nonlinear? |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4 Classification of ocean dynamic flows |
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3 | (10) |
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1.5 Ocean dynamic circulation |
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13 | (2) |
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1.6 What is the difference between circulation and vorticity? |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7 Primitive equation of ocean dynamics |
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16 | (10) |
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1.8 Navier-Stokes equations |
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26 | (4) |
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30 | (2) |
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1.10 Equations of motion in a rotating frame |
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32 | (5) |
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1.11 Conservation equation of ocean waves |
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37 | (1) |
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1.12 Water level exchange and water flow |
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38 | (2) |
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1.13 Dispersion relation for water waves |
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40 | (1) |
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1.14 Nonlinear water flow and wave propagation |
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41 | (1) |
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1.15 Energy equation of fluid flow |
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42 | (3) |
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43 | (2) |
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2 Quantization of ocean dynamics |
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2.1 Seawater quantum molecules |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2 Ocean dynamics mimic quantum mechanics |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3 Similarities and differences between quantum field theory and ocean dynamics |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4 Quantum spin of seawater |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5 Kitaev spin seawaters |
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49 | (3) |
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2.6 Hamiltonian mechanics for ocean dynamics |
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52 | (5) |
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2.7 Incompressible flow with Schrodinger equations |
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57 | (2) |
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2.8 Quantum mechanics of Coriolis force |
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59 | (4) |
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2.9 Quantization of barotropic flow |
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63 | (2) |
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2.10 Quantization of vorticity flow |
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65 | (4) |
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69 | (7) |
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2.12 Particle theory of ocean waves |
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76 | (2) |
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2.13 Schrodinger equation for description of nonlinear Sea-state |
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78 | (2) |
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2.14 Hamiltonian formulation for water wave equation |
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80 | (5) |
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82 | (3) |
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3 Quantization of synthetic aperture microwave radar |
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3.1 Quantize concept of aperture |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (3) |
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3.3 Quantization of electromagnetic wave and Maxwell's equations |
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90 | (6) |
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3.4 Microwave radar photons |
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96 | (2) |
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3.5 Microwave cavity main concept |
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98 | (2) |
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3.6 Microwave photon generation by Josephson junctions |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (1) |
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3.8 What is meant by echolocation detecting and ranging? |
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105 | (1) |
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3.9 Why quantum synthetic aperture radar is necessary |
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106 | (1) |
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3.10 What is meant by quantum SAR? |
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107 | (1) |
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3.11 What are the classifications of quantum SAR? |
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107 | (2) |
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3.12 Classical and quantum radar equations |
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109 | (3) |
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3.13 Quantum SAR illumination |
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112 | (1) |
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3.14 Quantum theory of SAR system |
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113 | (6) |
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116 | (3) |
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4 Quantum mechanism of nonlinear ocean surface backscattering |
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4.1 What is meant by scattering? |
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119 | (1) |
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4.2 Comparison between coherent and incoherent multiple scattering |
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120 | (3) |
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4.3 What is the role of spin in understanding scattering? |
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123 | (2) |
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4.4 Spin of scattering of particles |
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124 | (1) |
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4.5 Scattering of identical particles |
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125 | (1) |
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4.6 Schrodinger equation for scattering particles |
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125 | (1) |
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4.7 How do the Lippmann-Schwinger equation and the scattering amplitude generalize when spin is included? |
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126 | (2) |
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4.8 Seawater atom-photon scattering |
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128 | (2) |
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4.9 Scattering from roughness surface |
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130 | (1) |
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4.10 Mathematical depiction of SAR backscattering cross-section |
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131 | (1) |
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4.11 Wave function of SAR backscattering cross-section |
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132 | (4) |
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4.12 Quantization of Bragg scattering |
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136 | (5) |
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139 | (2) |
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5 Relativistic quantum mechanics of ocean surface dynamic in synthetic aperture radar |
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5.1 What is meant by relativity? |
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141 | (1) |
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5.2 Relativistic quantum mechanics versus ordinary quantum mechanics |
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142 | (2) |
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5.3 SAR backscatter in relativistic quantum mechanics |
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144 | (2) |
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5.4 Duality of wave packages in relativistic quantum mechanics |
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146 | (2) |
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5.5 Relativities of SAR time pulse range traveling |
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148 | (3) |
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5.6 SAR space-time invariance interval |
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151 | (3) |
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5.7 How is quantum entanglement consistent with the time relativity? |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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5.9 SAR length contraction in polarized data |
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156 | (7) |
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161 | (2) |
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6 Novel relativistic theories of ocean wave nonlinearity imagine mechanism in synthetic aperture radar |
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6.1 What is meant by waves and flows? |
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163 | (1) |
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6.2 Description of ocean waves |
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164 | (2) |
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6.3 How sea waves are formed based on Spooky Action at a Distance |
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166 | (1) |
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6.4 What is doing the waving? |
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167 | (2) |
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6.5 Hamiltonian formula for nonlinear wave description |
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169 | (3) |
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6.6 SAR image mechanism for ocean wave |
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172 | (9) |
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6.7 Relativistic theory of SAR velocity bunching |
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181 | (1) |
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6.8 Relativistic theory of the ocean wavelength in SAR images |
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182 | (2) |
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6.3 Relativistic theory of incidence angle in SAR wave images |
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184 | (3) |
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6.10 Relativistic theory of range bunching |
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187 | (4) |
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189 | (2) |
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7 Quantum nonlinear techniques for retrieving ocean wave spectral parameters from synthetic aperture radar |
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7.1 Simplification of the magic concept of SAR Doppler shift frequency |
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191 | (2) |
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7.2 SAR sensors for ocean wave simulation |
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193 | (2) |
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7.3 Sea surface backscatter based on the Kirchhoff approximation |
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195 | (1) |
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7.4 Imaging Ocean wave parameters in single polarization SAR data |
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196 | (1) |
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7.5 How to relate wave fields to SAR images |
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197 | (1) |
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7.6 SAR wave retrieval algorithms |
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198 | (1) |
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7.7 Quantum spectra estimation using quantum Fourier transform |
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199 | (4) |
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7.8 Multilooking and cross-spectral analysis |
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203 | (3) |
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7.9 Quantum Monte Carlo wave spectral simulation |
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206 | (1) |
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7.10 SAR wave spectra simulated using diffusion quantum Monte Carlo |
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207 | (8) |
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212 | (3) |
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8 Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar for wave spectra refraction using inversion SAR wave spectra model |
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8.1 What is meant by polarimetric synthetic aperture radar? |
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215 | (1) |
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8.2 Polarimetric matrix formulations and SAR data representation |
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215 | (2) |
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8.3 The coherency matrix THV (for single-look or multilook) |
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217 | (1) |
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8.4 Circular polarization-based covariance matrix CRL |
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217 | (1) |
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8.5 Estimation of azimuth slopes using orientation angle |
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218 | (1) |
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8.6 Alpha parameter sensitivity to the range of traveling waves |
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219 | (3) |
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8.7 Examined POLSAR and AIRSAR data |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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8.9 Two-dimensional quantum Fourier transform for retrieving SAR wave spectra |
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224 | (1) |
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8.10 Quasilinear transform |
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225 | (6) |
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8.11 Modeling significant wave height using azimuth cutoff model |
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231 | (4) |
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8.12 AIRSAR/POLSAR cross-spectrum inversion |
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235 | (3) |
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8.13 Differences between deep and shallow water waves |
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238 | (1) |
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8.14 Quantum of wave refraction |
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238 | (2) |
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8.15 Wave refraction graphical method |
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240 | (7) |
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245 | (2) |
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9 Wavelet transform and particle swarm optimization algorithms for automatic detection of internal wave from synthetic aperture radar |
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247 | (1) |
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9.2 What is meant by internal wave? |
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247 | (2) |
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9.3 Simplification of internal wave generation mechanisms |
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249 | (1) |
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9.4 Mathematical description of internal waves |
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250 | (3) |
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9.5 Kelvin-Helmholtz instability |
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253 | (1) |
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9.6 Internal wave imaging in SAR |
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254 | (2) |
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9.7 Internal wave radar backscatter cross-section |
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256 | (2) |
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9.8 Internal wave detection using two-dimensional wavelet transform |
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258 | (2) |
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9.9 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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9.11 Backscatter distribution along with internal wave in SAR data |
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263 | (4) |
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9.12 Automatic detection of internal wave using two-dimensional wavelet transform |
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267 | (2) |
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9.13 Internal wave packet detection by PSO |
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269 | (3) |
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9.14 Why do internal waves occur in the Andaman Sea? |
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272 | (3) |
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273 | (2) |
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10 Modeling wave pattern cycles using advanced interferometry altimeter satellite data |
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275 | (1) |
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10.2 Principles of altimeters |
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275 | (1) |
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10.3 Types of radar altimeter frequencies |
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276 | (1) |
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10.4 How does a radio altimeter work? |
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277 | (1) |
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10.5 How is surface height estimated by radio altimeter? |
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278 | (1) |
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10.6 Pulse-limited altimetry |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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10.8 Principles of synthetic aperture radar altimeterinterferometry |
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280 | (1) |
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10.9 Altimeter interferometry technique |
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281 | (2) |
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10.10 InSAR precision procedures altimeter scheme |
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283 | (2) |
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10.11 Delay-Doppler altimeter |
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285 | (1) |
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10.12 CRYOSAT-2 SIRAL data acquisitions |
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286 | (1) |
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10.13 Cycle of significant wave heights and powers: Case study of west coast of Australia |
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287 | (10) |
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295 | (2) |
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11 Multiobjective genetic algorithm for modeling Rossby wave and potential velocity patterns from altimeter satellite data |
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11.1 What is meant by Rossby wave? |
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297 | (3) |
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11.2 Rossby waves algebraic portrayal Coriolis |
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300 | (1) |
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11.3 Rossby waves causing convergence and divergence zones |
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301 | (2) |
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11.4 Collinear analysis for modeling Rossby wave patterns from satellite altimeter |
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303 | (1) |
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11.5 Rossby wave spectra patterns using fast Fourier transform |
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304 | (1) |
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11.6 Multiobjective algorithm for modeling Rossby waves in altimeter data |
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305 | (4) |
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11.7 Rossby wave population of solutions |
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309 | (1) |
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11.8 Fitness procedures for simulation of Rossby wave patterns |
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310 | (3) |
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11.9 Cross-over and mutation for Rossby wave reconstruction from altimeter data |
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313 | (1) |
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11.10 Velocity potential patterns in the southern Indian Ocean from Jason-2 |
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313 | (5) |
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11.11 Pareto algorithm simulation of water parcel sinking due to vorticity potential velocity |
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318 | (2) |
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11.12 How can Rossby waves mobilize water mass parcels and heavy debris? |
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320 | (5) |
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323 | (2) |
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12 Nonlinear sea surface current mathematical and retrieving models in synthetic aperture radar |
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325 | (1) |
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12.2 What is meant by ocean current? |
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325 | (1) |
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12.3 Ocean current theory |
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326 | (1) |
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12.4 Ocean current measurements |
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327 | (5) |
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12.5 Governing equations of inviscid motion |
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332 | (4) |
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336 | (3) |
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339 | (1) |
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12.8 Quantum theory of the Ekman spiral |
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340 | (3) |
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12.9 SAR Doppler shift frequency |
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343 | (2) |
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12.10 SAR Doppler frequency shift model formulation |
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345 | (3) |
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12.11 Radial current velocity based on Doppler spectral intensity |
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348 | (1) |
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12.12 Robust model for simulating surface current in SAR imaging |
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349 | (2) |
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12.13 Tidal current direction estimation |
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351 | (1) |
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12.14 Ocean current retrieving from SAR data, case study: East coast of Malaysia |
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351 | (6) |
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12.15 Quantization of large scale eddy in SAR image |
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357 | (4) |
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358 | (3) |
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13 Relativistic quantum of nonlinear three-dimensional front signature in synthetic aperture radar imagery |
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13.1 What is meant by quantum coastal front? |
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361 | (3) |
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13.2 Signature of a front in a single SAR image |
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364 | (4) |
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13.3 Relativity of front signatures in polarimetric SAR |
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368 | (3) |
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13.4 How does the tidal cycle effect front signature in SAR images? |
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371 | (1) |
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13.5 Speckles impact on front signature in SAR images |
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371 | (3) |
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13.6 Anisotropic diffusion algorithm for speckle reductions |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (6) |
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13.8 3-D front topology reconstruction in SAR data |
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382 | (2) |
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13.9 Quantized Marghany's front |
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384 | (5) |
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386 | (3) |
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14 Automatic detection of nonlinear turbulent flow in synthetic aperture radar using quantum multiobjective algorithm |
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389 | (1) |
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14.2 What is meant by quantum turbulence? |
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390 | (1) |
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14.3 Turbulence imagined in SAR data |
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390 | (1) |
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14.4 Can a quantum algorithm automatically detect turbulent flow in SAR images? |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (2) |
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14.6 Quantum machine learning |
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394 | (1) |
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14.7 Quantum multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (QMEA) |
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395 | (1) |
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14.8 Generation of qubit populations |
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396 | (1) |
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14.9 Generation of turbulent flow population pattern |
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397 | (1) |
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14.10 Quantum nondominated sort and elitism (QNSGA-II) |
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398 | (3) |
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14.11 Quantum Pareto optimal solution |
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401 | (1) |
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14.12 Automatic detection of turbulent flow in SAR images |
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401 | (6) |
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14.13 Role of Pareto optimization in QNSGA-II |
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407 | (1) |
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14.14 Quantum coherence of turbulent flow magnitudes in SAR imaging and QNSGA-II |
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408 | (3) |
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409 | (2) |
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15 Four-dimensional along-track interferometry for retrieving sea surface wave-current interaction |
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15.1 What is meant by four-dimensional and why? |
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411 | (1) |
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15.2 Does n-dimensional exist? |
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412 | (1) |
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15.3 Physics of Interferometry |
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413 | (2) |
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15.4 What is synthetic aperture interferometry? |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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15.7 Understanding SAR interferograms |
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419 | (2) |
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15.8 Along-track interferometry |
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421 | (1) |
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15.9 Quantum of along-track interferometry |
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422 | (2) |
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15.10 Quantum Hopfield algorithm for ATI phase unwrapping |
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424 | (3) |
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15.11 Quantum ATI Hopfield algorithm application to TanDEM-X satellite data |
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427 | (1) |
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15.12 In situ measurement |
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428 | (2) |
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15.13 Retrieving current from ATI TanDEM-X satellite data using qHop algorithm |
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430 | (4) |
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15.14 Four-dimensional ATI quantum algorithm for wave-current interaction |
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434 | (3) |
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15.15 4-D visualization of wave-current sea level interactions |
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437 | (1) |
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15.16 Relativistic quantum 4-D of sea surface reconstruction in TanDEM data |
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438 | (5) |
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440 | (3) |
Index |
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443 | |