This book provides a comprehensive reference on nucleic acid analysis. It systematically introduces the molecular biology foundations, hybridization technologies, and advanced nucleic acid detection methods, including polymerase chain reactions, CRISPR-based systems, and high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, it explores the biological functions, analysis methods, and applications of various nucleic acid biomarkers, including DNA single nucleotide polymorphism, DNA methylation, microRNA, mRNA splice variants, fusion gene transcripts, RNA methylation and COVID-19 RNA. This book is valuable for researchers, postgraduates and practitioners engaged in nucleic acid analysis research and technological development in colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, nucleic acid testing-related companies and hospitals.