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Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications 4th edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 419 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x175x23 mm, kaal: 953 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: Publicis MCD Verlag,Germany
  • ISBN-10: 3895783811
  • ISBN-13: 9783895783814
Teised raamatud teemal:
Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications 4th editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 419 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x175x23 mm, kaal: 953 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: Publicis MCD Verlag,Germany
  • ISBN-10: 3895783811
  • ISBN-13: 9783895783814
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783895783814.html
Distance protection provides the basis for network protection in transmission systems and meshed distribution systems. This book covers the fundamentals of distance protection and the special features of numerical technology. The emphasis is placed on the application of numerical distance relays in distribution and transmission systems.
This book is aimed at students and engineers who wish to familiarise themselves with the subject of power system protection, as well as the experienced user, entering the area of numerical distance protection. Furthermore it serves as a reference guide for solving application problems.
For this fourth edition all contents, especially the descriptions of numerical protection devices and the very useful appendix have been revised and updated.
1 Introduction
11(2)
2 Definitions
13(7)
3 Mode of Operation
20(189)
3.1 Fundamentals of distance protection
20(69)
3.1.1 Concept
20(1)
3.1.2 Relay impedance (secondary impedance)
21(1)
3.1.3 Impedance diagram
22(1)
3.1.4 Distance measurement
23(4)
3.1.5 Directional fault discrimination
27(3)
3.1.6 Starting (fault detection)
30(11)
3.1.7 Distance zones (steps)
41(4)
3.1.8 Zone- and timer-control
45(2)
3.1.9 Switched and non-switched distance protection
47(3)
3.1.10 Distance protection with signalling channels
50(12)
3.1.11 Power swing blocking, power swing tripping (out of step protection)
62(5)
3.1.12 Distance protection with automatic reclosure
67(7)
3.1.13 Distance to fault locator
74(5)
3.1.14 Grading chart
79(10)
3.2 Numerical distance measurement
89(19)
3.2.1 Definition of the fault loop
89(5)
3.2.2 Determination of the loop impedance
94(4)
3.2.3 Numerical impedance computation
98(10)
3.3 Numerical direction determination (polarisation)
108(12)
3.3.1 Direction determination with fault loop voltage (self polarisation)
108(2)
3.3.2 Direction determination with healthy phase voltages (cross-polarisation)
110(2)
3.3.3 Directional characteristic in the impedance plane
112(2)
3.3.4 Selection of the cross polarisation voltage
114(1)
3.3.5 Influence of load transfer
115(3)
3.3.6 Implementation of voltage-memory(-ies)
118(1)
3.3.7 Adaptive directional determination
119(1)
3.4 Circular characteristics with numerical technology
120(9)
3.4.1 MHO-circle
120(2)
3.4.2 Polarised MHO-characteristic
122(4)
3.4.3 Load influence on polarised MHO-circles
126(3)
3.4.4 MHO-circle with voltage memory
129(1)
3.5 Distance measurement, Influencing quantities
129(80)
3.5.1 Fault resistance
129(21)
3.5.2 Intermediate infeeds
150(4)
3.5.3 Parallel lines
154(13)
3.5.4 Distance protection for transformers
167(14)
3.5.5 Non-symmetry of the line
181(12)
3.5.6 Distance protection of HV cables
193(7)
3.5.7 Series-compensation
200(9)
4 Device design
209(16)
4.1 Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs)
209(2)
4.2 Mechanical design
211(1)
4.3 Relay Communications
212(2)
4.4 Integrated functions
214(6)
4.5 Relay terminal connections
220(3)
4.6 Relay operation
223(2)
5 Application
225(74)
5.1 General aspects
225(37)
5.1.1 Application criteria
225(1)
5.1.2 Shortest line length
226(1)
5.1.3 Tripping time
227(3)
5.1.4 Teleprotection, choice of technique
230(2)
5.1.5 Instrument transformer requirements
232(30)
5.2 Distance protection in the distribution system
262(20)
5.2.1 General
262(8)
5.2.2 Distance protection in isolated or compensated systems
270(7)
5.2.3 Distance protection in distribution networks with low impedance star-point earthing
277(3)
5.2.4 Distance protection in industrial networks
280(2)
5.3 Distance protection in transmission networks
282(17)
5.3.1 Generals aspects
282(5)
5.3.2 Protection concepts
287(1)
5.3.2.1 High-voltage overhead lines
287(2)
5.3.2.2 EHV-line
289(3)
5.3.2.3 1 1/2 circuit-breaker substations
292(1)
5.3.2.4 Ring busbar
293(1)
5.3.2.5 Double circuit line
293(1)
5.3.2.6 Three-terminal line
294(2)
5.3.2.7 Series-compensated lines
296(3)
6 Protection settings
299(34)
6.1 General aspects
300(1)
6.2 Fault detection (3rd Zone)
300(13)
6.2.1 Fault detection methods and setting philosohies
301(1)
6.2.2 Security of the fault detection
302(1)
6.2.3 Relay (Line) loadability
303(1)
6.2.4 Phase-selectivity
304(2)
6.2.5 Setting of the U-I-φ fault detection
306(1)
6.2.6 Setting of the impedance fault detection
307(6)
6.3 Setting of the distance zones
313(20)
6.3.1 Reach (X-setting) and grading time
313(5)
6.3.2 Arc compensation (R-setting)
318(4)
6.3.3 Specifics for the zone settings in cable networks
322(3)
6.3.4 Adjusting the zone reach in case of large R/X-setting
325(1)
6.3.5 Grading of distance zones with different characteristics
326(2)
6.3.6 Setting of the power swing blocking
328(5)
7 Calculation examples
333(23)
7.1 Double circuit lines in earthed systems
333(13)
7.2 Three terminal line (teed feeders)
346(10)
8 Commissioning
356(5)
8.1 Testing of the protection system
356(2)
8.2 Test with load
358(3)
9 Maintenance
361(3)
9.1 Self monitoring
361(1)
9.2 Maintenance strategy
362(2)
10 Bibliography
364(8)
10.1 Technical papers
364(7)
10.2 Books
371(1)
11 Appendix
372(45)
A.1 Distance measurement algorithms
372(9)
A.1.1 Principle
372(1)
A.1.2 Fourier analysis based technique
373(5)
A.1.3 Transient behaviour
378(1)
A.1.4 Practical application
379(1)
A.1.5 Literature
380(1)
A.2 Calculation with phasors and complex quantities
381(4)
A.2.1 Definitions
381(1)
A.2.2 Calculation with phasors and complex quantities
382(3)
A.3 Fundamentals of symmetrical component analysis
385(12)
A.3.1 Calculation procedure
385(5)
A.3.2 Typical system component data
390(1)
A.3.3 Equivalent circuits and formulas for network reduction
391(2)
A.3.4 Equivalent circuits of transformers
393(4)
A.4 Impedances of overhead lines and cables
397(4)
A.4.1 Single line (transposed)
397(1)
A.4.2 Double circuit line (transposed)
398(1)
A.4.3 Bundle conductor
399(1)
A.4.4 Cable impedances
400(1)
A.5 Reach of back-up zones on parallel lines
401(11)
A.5.1 Phase-to-phase faults
401(3)
A.5.2 Phase-to-earth faults
404(8)
A.6 Tilting of the quadrilateral top line to avoid overreach
412(5)
Index 417
GERHARD ZIEGLER has published numerous national and international contributions in the area of power system protection. He served in international organisations for many years. From 1993 to 2001 he was the German delegate to the IEC TC95 (measuring relays and protection equipment). He is past chairman of the Study Committee 34 (protection and local control) and Honorary Member of CIGRE.

(Short) GERHARD ZIEGLER (former Siemens AG) is past chairman of the Study Committee 34 (protection and local control) and Honorary Member of CIGRE. He is now working as a consultant.