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Numerical Simulation in Hydraulic Fracturing: Multiphysics Theory and Applications [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 192 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 536 g
  • Sari: Multiphysics Modeling
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138029629
  • ISBN-13: 9781138029620
Teised raamatud teemal:
Numerical Simulation in Hydraulic Fracturing: Multiphysics Theory and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 192 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 536 g
  • Sari: Multiphysics Modeling
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138029629
  • ISBN-13: 9781138029620
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138029620.html
Märksõnad:
The expansion of unconventional petroleum resources in the recent decade and the rapid development of computational technology have provided the opportunity to develop and apply 3D numerical modeling technology to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight sand formations. This book presents 3D numerical modeling technologies for hydraulic fracturing developed in recent years, and introduces solutions to various 3D geomechanical problems related to hydraulic fracturing. In the solution processes of the case studies included in the book, fully coupled multi-physics modeling has been adopted, along with innovative computational techniques, such as submodeling. In practice, hydraulic fracturing is an essential project component in shale gas/oil development and tight sand oil, and provides an essential measure in the process of drilling cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is also an essential measure for widened mud weight window (MWW) when drilling through naturally fractured formations; the process of hydraulic plugging is a typical application of hydraulic fracturing. 3D modeling and numerical analysis of hydraulic fracturing is essential for the successful development of tight oil/gas formations: it provides accurate solutions for optimized stage intervals in a multistage fracking job. It also provides optimized well-spacing for the design of zipper-frac wells. Numerical estimation of casing integrity under stimulation injection in the hydraulic fracturing process is one of major concerns in the successful development of unconventional resources. This topic is also investigated numerically in this book. Numerical solutions to several other typical geomechanics problems related to hydraulic fracturing, such as fluid migration caused by fault reactivation and seismic activities, are also presented. This book can be used as a reference textbook to petroleum, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, to senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, and to geologists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists and applied mathematicians working in this field. This book is also a synthetic compendium of both the fundamentals and some of the most advanced aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology.
About the book series vii
Editorial board ix
Foreword xvii
M.Y. Soliman
Authors' preface xix
About the authors xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
1 Introduction to continuum damage mechanics for rock-like materials
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Barcelona model: scalar damage with different behaviors for tension and compression
2(3)
1.2.1 Uniaxial behavior of the Barcelona model
3(1)
1.2.2 Unloading behavior
4(1)
1.2.3 Plastic flow
5(1)
1.2.4 Yielding criterion
5(1)
1.3 Mazars's holonomic form of continuum damage model
5(3)
1.3.1 Concepts
5(2)
1.3.2 Criterion of damage initiation
7(1)
1.3.3 Damage evolution law
7(1)
1.4 Subroutine for UMAT and a plastic damage model with stress triaxiality-dependent hardening
8(11)
1.4.1 Introduction
8(1)
1.4.2 Formulation of the proposed model
8(4)
1.4.3 Numerical validation of constitutive model at the local level
12(5)
1.4.4 Concluding remarks
17(2)
2 Optimizing multistage hydraulic-fracturing design based on 3D continuum damage mechanics analysis
19(12)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 The workflow
20(1)
2.3 Validation example
21(8)
2.3.1 Background description of the tasks
22(1)
2.3.2 3D geomechanical model at field scale
22(1)
2.3.3 Numerical results of the geomechanical model at field scale
23(1)
2.3.4 Submodel for stimulation process simulation
23(2)
2.3.5 The plastic damage model
25(3)
2.3.6 Determination of the optimized stage interval based on numerical solutions
28(1)
2.3.7 Determination of the optimized well spacing based on numerical solutions
29(1)
2.4 Conclusion
29(2)
3 Numerical analysis of the interaction between two zipper fracture wells using the continuum damage method
31(12)
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 Submodel for stimulation process simulation
32(8)
3.3 Conclusions
40(3)
4 Integrated workflow for feasibility study of cuttings reinjection based on 3D geomechanical analysis and case study
43(30)
4.1 Introduction
43(2)
4.2 The integrated workflow
45(3)
4.3 Fault reactivation analysis
48(1)
4.3.1 Fluid migration resulting from fault reactivation
49(1)
4.3.2 Estimation of maximum intensity level of seismic behavior of the fault
49(1)
4.4 Examples of validation
49(16)
4.4.1 Location selection of the injection well
50(1)
4.4.2 Geometry and mesh
50(1)
4.4.3 Values of material parameters
50(1)
4.4.4 Initial geostress
51(1)
4.4.5 Pore pressure
52(1)
4.4.6 Numerical results of principal stress ratio
52(1)
4.4.7 Selection of the true vertical depth interval of the perforation section
53(1)
4.4.8 Fracture simulation: calculation of injection pressure window
53(9)
4.4.9 Fault reactivation and fluid migration
62(3)
4.5 Fault reactivation and seismicity analysis
65(5)
4.5.1 Analytical equation used to calculate the magnitude of seismic activity
65(2)
4.5.2 Assumptions and simplifications adopted in the finite element method
67(1)
4.5.3 Numerical results
68(1)
4.5.4 Remarks
69(1)
4.5.5 Prediction of the volume of fluid with cuttings that can be injected
70(1)
4.6 Conclusion
70(3)
5 Geomechanics-based wellbore trajectory optimization for tight formation with natural fractures
73(10)
5.1 Introduction
73(1)
5.2 Determining optimized trajectory in terms of the CSF concept
74(2)
5.2.1 Workflow for the selection of an optimized trajectory
74(1)
5.2.2 Numerical application
75(1)
5.3 Trajectory optimization focusing on a fracturing design for a disturbed field
76(6)
5.3.1 The solution of the disturbed geostress field and F for non-zero αsf
78(2)
5.3.2 The solution of the disturbed geostress field and F for zero αsf
80(2)
5.4 Concluding remarks
82(1)
6 Numerical solution of widened mud weight window for drilling through naturally fractured reservoirs
83(20)
6.1 Introduction
83(1)
6.2 Model description: theory
84(3)
6.2.1 Constitutive model
84(1)
6.2.2 Damage initiation criterion
85(1)
6.2.3 Damage evolution law
85(1)
6.2.4 Finite element type: the cohesive element
86(1)
6.3 Fluid flow model of the cohesive element
87(1)
6.3.1 Defining pore fluid flow properties
87(1)
6.3.2 Tangential flow
87(1)
6.3.3 Newtonian fluid
88(1)
6.3.4 Power-law fluid
88(1)
6.3.5 Normal flow across gap surfaces
88(1)
6.4 Validation example: widened mud weight window for simple cases
88(5)
6.4.1 Geometry
89(1)
6.4.2 Initial conditions
89(1)
6.4.3 Boundary condition
89(1)
6.4.4 Loads
89(1)
6.4.5 Values of material parameter
90(1)
6.4.6 Procedure for numerical simulation of natural fracture opening under injection
91(1)
6.4.7 Numerical results Case 1: injecting process, fracture opening, and propagation
91(1)
6.4.8 Numerical results Case 2: static process after injection, fracture remains open
91(2)
6.5 Remarks
93(1)
6.6 Case Study 1: widened mud weight window (MWW) for subsalt well in deepwater Gulf of Mexico
94(2)
6.6.1 Numerical results
94(2)
6.7 Case Study 2: widened MWW for drilling in shale formation
96(6)
6.7.1 Description of the well section in a shale gas formation
96(1)
6.7.2 ID geomechanics analysis
97(2)
6.7.3 Hydraulic plugging numerical analysis
99(3)
6.8 Conclusions
102(1)
7 Numerical estimation of upper bound of injection pressure window with casing integrity under hydraulic fracturing
103(14)
7.1 Introduction
103(3)
7.2 Workflow
106(3)
7.3 Validation example
109(6)
7.3.1 Initial pore pressure
109(1)
7.3.2 Initial geostress field: sequence and direction of principal stress, and initial pore pressure
109(1)
7.3.3 Casing: geometric parameters, material parameters
110(1)
7.3.4 Cement ring: geometric parameters, material parameters
110(1)
7.3.5 Mechanical properties of the rock formations
110(1)
7.3.6 Stiffness degradation
111(1)
7.3.7 Injection pressure
111(1)
7.3.8 Boundary conditions to the global model
111(1)
7.3.9 Finite element mesh of the global model
111(1)
7.3.10 Finite element mesh of the submodel
111(2)
7.3.11 Numerical results of casing deformation
113(2)
7.4 Ending remarks
115(2)
8 Damage model for reservoir with multisets of natural fractures and its application in the simulation of hydraulic fracturing
117(14)
8.1 Introduction
117(1)
8.2 Expression of natural fractures with continuum-damage variable
118(2)
8.3 Damage initiation condition
120(1)
8.4 Damage evolution law
120(1)
8.5 Damage-dependent permeability
120(1)
8.6 Validation example: hydraulic fracturing of formation with natural fractures
121(8)
8.6.1 Geometrical information of natural fractures
121(1)
8.6.2 Damage tensor calculated using natural fracture information
122(1)
8.6.3 Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing of a formation with natural fractures
123(6)
8.7 Conclusions
129(2)
9 Construction of complex initial stress field and stress re-orientation caused by depletion
131(14)
9.1 Introduction
131(1)
9.2 Construct initial stress field with a local model of complex stress pattern
132(8)
9.2.1 Geology and one-dimensional (1D) geomechanics solution
132(3)
9.2.2 Finite element model
135(3)
9.2.3 Numerical results
138(2)
9.3 Construction of initial geostress field and simulation of stress variation caused by pore pressure depletion
140(4)
9.3.1 Geological structure in the region
140(1)
9.3.2 Gas production plan
140(1)
9.3.3 Finite element model
141(1)
9.3.4 Numerical results
142(2)
9.4 Conclusions
144(1)
10 Information transfer software from finite difference grid to finite element mesh
145(4)
10.1 Introduction
145(1)
10.2 Description of principle
145(2)
10.3 Numerical validation
147(1)
10.4 Conclusion
148(1)
Nomenclature 149(4)
References 153(6)
Subject Index 159(8)
Book series page 167
Xinpu Shen is a Senior Advisor at Guoyang Technology and Services, and formerly a Senior Advisor at Halliburton Consulting. He received his PhD degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1994 from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He was lecturer and associate professor in Tsinghua University from 1993 to 1999. Since May 2001, he was a professor in Engineering Mechanics in Shenyang University of Technology, China. From 1997 to 2004, he worked as post-doctoral research associate in several European institutions, including Politecnico di Milano, Italy and the University of Sheffield, UK, etc. He worked as consultant of geomechanics for Knowledge Systems Inc Houston since 2005 and until it was acquired by Halliburton in 2008. He has been coordinator to 4 projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China since 2005. He is inventor (co-inventor) to 10 patents and author (coauthor) to 7 books and 98 related papers among which 30 can be downloaded from OnePetrol.com.









William Standifird currently serves as a Director - Global Technical Practices at Halliburton. In this role he is charged with the invention, development and deployment of innovative technologies that support safe and efficient well construction for petroleum assets. William began his career with Schlumberger as a Drilling Services Engineer where he specialized in the application of petroleum geomechanics to deepwater drilling operations. He subsequently joined Knowledge Systems Inc. and rapidly built a global petroleum geomechanics practice which was acquired by Halliburton in 2008. William has over 20 peer reviewed publications, a Performed by Schlumberger Silver Medal and a Harts Meritorious Engineering Award. He holds undergraduate degrees in electronics engineering, management science and earned a Master of Business Administration from the University of Houston System.