Preface |
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xvi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Summary |
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1 | (3) |
1 Beef Production: Systems, Quality, And Safety |
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4 | (21) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Feed Additives and Growth Modifiers |
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19 | (1) |
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Environmental Impact of Production Systems |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
2 Anatomy, Digestion, And Nutrient Utilization |
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25 | (31) |
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25 | (1) |
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Mechanics and Role of Eating |
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26 | (1) |
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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26 | (6) |
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The Ruminal Environment and Microbiome |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism |
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41 | (3) |
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Postruminal Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (9) |
3 Energy Terms And Concepts |
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56 | (6) |
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56 | (1) |
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Expressing Energy Values of Feeds |
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56 | (4) |
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Summary Recommendations Regarding Energy Terms and Concepts |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
4 Carbohydrates |
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62 | (22) |
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62 | (1) |
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Non-Neutral Detergent Fiber Carbohydrates |
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63 | (6) |
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Neutral Detergent Fiber (Fractions CB3 and CC) |
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69 | (4) |
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Forages and Their Utilization |
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73 | (2) |
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Fiber and Prediction of Ruminal pH |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (6) |
5 Lipids |
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84 | (9) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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Digestibility and Energy Value |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (3) |
6 Protein And Amino Acids |
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93 | (16) |
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93 | (1) |
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Metabolizable Protein System |
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93 | (1) |
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Microbial Protein Synthesis |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (2) |
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Synchrony of Energy and Protein |
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98 | (1) |
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Ruminal Outflow of Intact Dietary Protein |
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99 | (1) |
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Protein Supply to the Small Intestine |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Metabolic Protein Requirements |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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Empirical and Mechanistic Levels of Solution |
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104 | (1) |
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Summary of Recommended Adjustments for Protein |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (4) |
7 Minerals |
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109 | (31) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (9) |
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119 | (11) |
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130 | (10) |
8 Vitamins |
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140 | (13) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (5) |
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145 | (4) |
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149 | (4) |
9 Water |
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153 | (7) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (3) |
10 Feed Intake |
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160 | (11) |
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160 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Feed Intake by Beef Cattle |
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161 | (2) |
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Prediction of Feed Intake by Beef Cattle |
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163 | (6) |
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169 | (2) |
11 Maintenance Consideration: Energy And Protein |
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171 | (16) |
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171 | (9) |
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Maintenance Requirements for Protein |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (6) |
12 Growth |
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187 | (12) |
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187 | (1) |
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Energy and Protein Requirements for Growing and Finishing Cattle |
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187 | (5) |
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Previous Plane of Nutrition Effects |
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192 | (1) |
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Effects of Special Dietary Factors |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Evaluation of the Energy System |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (3) |
13 Reproduction |
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199 | (36) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (6) |
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Puberty and Heifer Development |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (8) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Energy and Protein Requirements |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (11) |
14 Compounds That Modify Digestion And Metabolism |
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235 | (16) |
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235 | (1) |
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Additives That Alter Ruminal Fermentation |
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235 | (4) |
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Additives That Alter Ruminal Fermentation and Other Aspects of Gastrointestinal Tract Function |
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239 | (2) |
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Metabolic Modifiers That Affect Postabsorptive Metabolism |
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241 | (5) |
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Summary of Recommended Adjustments for Inclusion of Modifiers |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (4) |
15 Effects Of Stress On Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements |
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251 | (15) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (6) |
16 Environment |
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266 | (21) |
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266 | (1) |
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Dietary Effects on Nutrient Excretion |
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267 | (3) |
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270 | (6) |
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276 | (3) |
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Hydrogen Sulfide and Reduced Sulfur |
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279 | (1) |
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Particulate Matter and Dust |
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279 | (1) |
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Odors/Volatile Organic Compounds |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (8) |
17 Utilization Of Byproduct Feeds By Beef Cattle |
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287 | (19) |
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Availability and Overview |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (11) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (6) |
18 Composition Of Selected Feeds For Beef Cattle |
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306 | (47) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (30) |
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336 | (7) |
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Effects of Processing Treatment |
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343 | (4) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (4) |
19 Model Equations And Sensitivity Analyses |
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353 | (43) |
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353 | (1) |
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Requirements for Energy and Protein |
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354 | (7) |
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Requirements for Minerals and Vitamins |
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361 | (1) |
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Requirements for Amino Acids |
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361 | (1) |
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Predicting Dry Matter Intake |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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Supply of Energy and Nutrients |
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365 | (14) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (4) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (9) |
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393 | (3) |
20 Tables Of Nutrient Requirements |
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396 | (8) |
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396 | (1) |
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Table for Growing and Finishing Cattle |
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397 | (3) |
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400 | (1) |
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Table for Pregnant Replacement Heifers |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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Table of Energy Reserves for Beef Cows |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
21 Research Needs |
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404 | (3) |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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Beef Production Systems Beef Quality and Safety |
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404 | (1) |
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Energy, Carbohydrates, and Lipids |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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Minerals, Vitamins, and Water |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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Maintenance, Growth, Reproduction, and Stress |
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405 | (1) |
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Compounds That Modify Digestion and Metabolism |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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Byproduct Feeds and Feed Composition |
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406 | (1) |
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Computer Models for Nutrient Requirements |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
Appendixes |
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A A User's Guide For The Application Of The Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model |
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407 | (34) |
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B Committee Statement Of Task |
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441 | (1) |
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C Abbreviations And Acronyms |
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442 | (15) |
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D Committee Member Biographies |
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457 | (4) |
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E Recent Publications Of The Board On Agriculture And Natural Resources |
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461 | (2) |
Index |
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463 | |