This text provides reference points for researchers, clinicians and educators for assessing obesity in different individuals and populations. It serves as a ready reference for selected measures of weight, nutrition and dietary intake, activity and exercise, behaviour, well-being, and disease risk relationships. It presents assessment tools, along with their applications and practical interpretations. Emphasis is given to the differences by age, gender, weight status and the many interrelated variables that contribute to the development and/or exacerbation of the obese state.
Foreword xix(2) Series Editors Foreword xxi(2) Preface xxiii(6) Acknowledgments xxix(2) Contributors xxxi SECTION I STUDY DESIGN 1(44) Introduction Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D.
Chapter 1 Study Design: The RENO Diet-Heart Study 3(16) Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R. D. Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D.
Chapter 2 Subject Recruitment and Retention 19(11) Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph. D., R.D. Megan T. Simpson, B.S. Sandra A. Daugherty, M.D., Ph.D.
Chapter 3 Baseline Questionnaires 30(17) Evan G. Pattishall, Jr., Ph.D., M.D. Benjamin Hayes, B.A. Summary 42(3) SECTION II ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS 45(54) Introduction Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D.
Chapter 4 Definitions of Obesity and Healthy Weight 47(10) John P. Foreyt, Ph.D. Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 5 Height and Weight Indices 57(11) Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D. Heidi Zahrt, R.D.
Chapter 6 Skinfolds, Circumferences, and Bioimpedance 68(15) Marta D. Van Loan, Ph.D.
Chapter 7 The Reliability of Self-Reported Weight and Weight Fluctuation Measurements 83(10) Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D. Summary 93(6) SECTION III PHYSIOLOGIC AND GENETIC MEASUREMENTS 99(62) Introduction Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 8 Biomarkers to Characterize Various Types of Obesity 101(13) George L. Blackburn, M.D., Ph.D. Masahiko Ishikawa M.D. Debra Miller, Ph.D.
Chapter 9 Blood Pressure and Pulse Measurement 114(8) Sandra A. Daugherty, M.D., Ph.D. Heidi Zahrt, R.D.
Chapter 10 Adiposity, Lipid Profiles, and Apolipoproteins 122(14) Debra A. Krummel, Ph.D., R.D. Margaret J. Albrink, M.D., M.P.H. Anton P. Sohn, M.D.
Chapter 11 Fatty Acids and Fuel Partitioning in Obesity 136(12) Stephen D. Phinney, M.D., Ph.D.
Chapter 12 The Future of Genetic Markers 148(9) Stephen St. Jeor, Ph.D. Masahiko Ishikawa, M.D. Ernest P. Noble, M.D., Ph.D. George L. Blackburn, M.D., Ph.D. Summary 157(4) SECTION IV PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE ASSESSMENTS 161(50) Introduction Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D.
Chapter 13 Activity Questionnaires in Obesity Assessment 163(10) Melissa E. Garcia, M.P.H. Steven N. Blair, P.E.D.
Chapter 14 Activity Records 173(10) Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D.
Chapter 15 Activity Monitors 183(9) Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D. Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 16 Resting Energy Expenditure, Respiratory Quotient, and Thermic Effect of Food 192(12) Jessica Krenkel, M.S., R.D. Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D. Summary 204(7) SECTION V DIETARY INTAKE ASSESSMENTS 211(102) Introduction Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 17 The 24-Hour Dietary Recall 214(11) Mary P. Dodds, M.S., R.D. Lori J. Silverstein, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 18 Seven-Day Food Records 225(20) Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D. Rebecca S. Reeves, Dr. P.H., R.D., F.A.D.A.
Chapter 19 Food Frequency Questionnaires 245(11) Jamie A. Benedict, Ph.D., R.D. Gladys Block, Ph.D.
Chapter 20 Baseline Nutrition Questionnaire 256(12) Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D.
Chapter 21 Dietetic Products and Supplements 268(13) Jessica Krenkel, M.S., R.D. Marsha H. Read, Ph.D., R.D.
Chapter 22 Dietary Quality: The Food Habits Questionnaire 281(11) Lori J. Silverstein, Ph.D., R.D. Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H. Heidi Zahrt, R.D.
Chapter 23 Eating Patterns 292(13) Lori J. Silverstein, Ph.D., R.D. Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D. Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D. Summary 305(8) SECTION VI ASSESSMENTS OF ATTITUDES, EATING, AND DIETING BEHAVIORS 313(54) Introduction Timothy P. Carmody, Ph.D.
Chapter 24 The Eating Self-Efficacy Scale 317(9) Walker S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D. John P. Foreyt, Ph.D. G. Ken Goodrick, Ph.D.
Chapter 25 Nutrition Attitude Survey 326(11) Timothy P. Carmody, Ph.D.
Chapter 26 Binge Eating Scale 337(6) Eileen J. Stellefson, M.P.H., R.D. Patrick Mahlen ONeal, Ph.D.
Chapter 27 The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire--Eating Inventory 343(9) Albert J. Stunkard, M.D. Robert A. Waterland, B.S.
Chapter 28 Dieting Behaviors 352(11) Susan Kayman, Dr., P.H., R.D. Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Summary 363(4) SECTION VII PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS 367(74) Introduction John P. Foreyt, Ph.D.
Chapter 29 The Symptom Checklist-90-R 372(11) Walker S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D. G. Ken Goodrick, Ph.D. John P. Foreyt, Ph.D.
Chapter 30 Locus of Control 383(11) Benjamin I. Hayes, B.A. Walker S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D.
Chapter 31 The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale 394(6) Benjamin Johnson, M.S.
Chapter 32 Recent Life Changes and Weight Control 400(9) Richard H. Rahe, M.D.
Chapter 33 The Social Support Questionnaire: Risk Reduction 409(11) Walter S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D. G. Ken Goodrick, Ph.D. John P. Foreyt, Ph.D.
Chapter 34 The Self-Pluralism Scale: A Measure of Psychologic Variability 420(5) John Altrocchi, Ph.D. Paul McReynolds, Ph.D.
Chapter 35 The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 425(11) Walker S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D. G. Ken Goodrick, Ph.D. John P. Foreyt, Ph.D. Summary 436(5) SECTION VIII ASSESSMENTS OF EMOTIONS AND STRESS 441(52) Introduction Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D.
Chapter 36 The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 444(13) Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Charles D. Spielberger, Ph.D.
Chapter 37 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 457(8) Grant D. Miller, M.D. Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D.
Chapter 38 General Well-Being Schedule 465(6) Grant D. Miller, M.D. Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D.
Chapter 39 The Perceived-Stress Scale 471(8) Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D.
Chapter 40 Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory 479(11) Timothy P. Carmody, Ph.D. Summary 490(3) SECTION IX INTERRELATIONSHIPS 493(56) Introduction Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D.
Chapter 41 Health and Family History 495(13) Miriam Blackham Een, M.S., R.D. Bruce Wilson, M.D.
Chapter 42 The Assessment of Alcohol and Tobacco in Health-Related Research 508(14) Melanie E. Harrington, Ph.D. Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D.
Chapter 43 The D(2) Dopamine Receptor Gene: Obesity, Smoking, and Mood 522(12) Ernest P. Noble, M.D., Ph.D. Robert J. Fitch, M.S. Terry L. Ritchie, Ph.D. Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Xuxian Zhang, Ph.D. Stephen St. Jeor, Ph.D. Karl Syndulko, Ph.D. Robert S. Sparkes, M.D.
Chapter 44 Interrelationships Among Measures of Adiposity and Associations with Blood Pressure 534(10) Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D. Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D. Summary 544(5) SECTION X ASSESSING CHANGES 549(80) Introduction Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D.
Chapter 45 Update and Check-in Questionnaires 551(10) Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Barbara J. Scott, M.P.H., R.D.
Chapter 46 Weight-Cycling Questionnaire 561(9) Robert L. Brunner, Ph.D. Kelly D. Brownell, Ph.D.
Chapter 47 The Semistructured Interview for Weight Changes 570(9) Vanessa C. LoPresti, M.Ed. Walker S. Carlos Poston, Ph.D. G. Ken Goodrick, Ph.D. John P. Foreyt, Ph.D.
Chapter 48 Measures of Weight Change and Weight Fluctuations 579(18) Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D. Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D.
Chapter 49 Assessing Relations with Change 597(15) Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D. Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D.
Chapter 50 Statistical Modeling 612(7) Gary R. Cutter, Ph.D. Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D. Summary 619(10) APPENDIX A 629(12) A1 Subject Population Description (Years 1-5 and Year 8) 629(6) A2 Retention of Subjects by Year (Years 1-5 and Year 8) 635(1) A3 Schedule of Measurements (Years 6-10) 636(5) APPENDIX B 641(274) B1 Study Design: The RENO Diet-Heart Study 641(3) B1.1 University of Nevada Human Subjects Consent Form 642(2) B2 Subject Recruitment and Retention 644(10) B2.1 RENO Diet-Heart Study Recruitment and Screening Procedures 645(2) B2.2 Sample Recruitment Letter 647(2) B2.3 Screening Application Form 649(2) B2.4 Initial Six Month Recruitment Summary Report 651(3) B3 Baseline Questionnaires 654(63) B3.1 Baseline Questionnaire: Personal and Health History (BQH) 655(23) B3.2 Baseline Questionnaire: Weight History (BQW) 678(21) B3.3 Baseline Questionnaire: Nutrition History (BQN) 699(12) B3.4 Baseline Questionnaire: Activity History (BQA) 711(6) B4 Definitions of Obesity and Healthy Weight 717(2) B4.1 Body Mass Index Conversion Table 718(1) B5 Height, Weight, and Their Indices 719(6) B5.1 Diagram of Vertical Measuring Device 721(1) B5.2 Diagram of Patient Position for Measurement 722(1) B5.3 RENO Diet-Heart Study Measurement Procedures for Weight and Height 723(2) B6 Skinfolds, Circumferences and Bioimpedance 725(8) B6.1 Equipment Sources 726(2) B6.2 Procedures for skinfold, circumference, and bioelectrical impedance 728(5) B7 Reliability of Self-Reported Weight and Weight Fluctuation Measurement 733(1) B7.1 Discussion of Selected Questions Used for Measurement of Self-Reported Weight and Weight Fluctuation 733(1) B8 Biomarkers to Characterize Various Types of Obesity 734(2) B8.1 Description of Methods to Determine Insulin Sensitivity Index 734(2) B9 Blood Pressure and Pulse 736(3) B9.1 Random Zero Sphygmomanometer 736(1) B9.2 RENO Diet-Heart Study Procedures for Blood Pressure Measurement 737(2) B10 Adiposity, Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins 739(3) B10.1 Description of Laboratory Methods for Serum Lipid Analyses 739(3) B11 Serum Phospholipids 742(1) B11.1 Discussion of Serum Phospholipid Arachidonate in Human Obesity 742(1) B12 The Future of Genetic Markers 743(1) B12.1 Discussion of Laboratory Methods for Genetic Analysis 743(1) B13 Activity Questionnaires in Obesity Assessment 744(7) B13.1 Selected Questions from Baseline Questionnaire: Activity (BQA) 746(2) B13.2 Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire 748(3) B14 Activity Records 751(2) B14.1 Activity Record Sample Page 752(1) B15 Activity Monitors 753(2) B15.1 Activity Monitor (AM) Indications 753(2) B16 Resting Energy Expenditure, Respiratory Quotients and Thermic Effect of Food 755(10) B16.1 Procedures for Resting Energy Expenditure Measurement 757(4) B16.2 Performance Specification Summary 761(1) B16.3 Sample Resting Energy Expenditure Parameters 762(1) B16.4 Calculated Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation Formulas 763(2) B17 24 Hour Dietary Recall 765(9) B17.1 24-Hour Dietary Recall Form 766(2) B17.2 RENO Diet-Heart Study Procedures for Conducting a 24-hr Food and Activity Recall 768(6) B18 Seven Day Food Records 774(18) B18.1 Seven-Day Food and Activity Record 775(16) B18.2 Contact and Purchasing Information for Data Bases 791(1) B19 Food Frequency Questionnaires 792(9) B19.1 Food Questionnaire 793(8) B20 Baseline Nutrition Questionnaire 801(1) B20.1 Baseline Questionnaire: Nutrition (See B3.3) B21 Dietary Products and Supplements 802(4) B21.1 Dietetic Product Use Questionnaire 803(2) B21.2 Supplement Use Questions from BQN 805(1) B22 Dietary Quality: The Food Habits Questionnaire 806(7) B22.1 Food Habits Questionnaire 807(8) B23 Eating Patterns 813(1) B23.1 Seven-Day Food and Activity Record 813(1) B24 The Eating Self-Efficacy Scale 814(3) B24.1 Eating Self-Efficacy Scale 815(2) B25 Nutrition Attitude Survey 817(3) B25.1 Nutrition Attitude Survey 818(2) B26 Binge Eating Scale 820(4) B26.1 Binge Eating Questionnaire (Gormally) 821(3) B27 The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Eating Inventory 824(6) B27.1 Eating Inventory 825(5) B28 Dieting Behaviors 830(5) B28.1 Tendency to Diet Scale (Based on BQW--See B3.2) 832(2) B28.2 Diet Methods Checklist (Based on BQW--See B3.2) 834(1) B29 The Symptom Checklist-90-R 835(1) B29.1 Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) 835(1) B30 Locus of Control 836(4) B30.1 Locus of Control Questionnaire 837(3) B31 The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale 840(3) B31.1 Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III) 841(2) B32 Recent Life Changes and Weight Control 843(4) B32.1 Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) 844(3) B33 The Social Support Questionnaire: Risk Reduction 847(2) B33.1 Social Support Questionnaire: Risk Reduction 848(1) B34 The Self-Pluralism Scale: A Measure of Psychological Variability 849(3) B34.1 Self-Pluralism Scale 850(2) B35 Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 852(2) B35.1 Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire 853(1) B36 State-Trait Anger Expression Index 854(1) B36.1 Description of State-Trait Anger Expression Index Inventory 854(1) B37 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 855(2) B37.1 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 856(1) B38 General Well-Being Schedule 857(7) B38.1 General Well Being Questionnaire 858(6) B39 The Perceived Stress Scale 864(3) B39.1 Perceived Stress Scale 865(2) B40 Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory 867(4) B40.1 Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) 868(3) B41 Health and Family History 871(9) B41.1 Selected Questions from Baseline Questionnaire: Health (BQH) (See B3.1) 872(5) B41.2 Selected Questions from Baseline Questionnaire: Weight (BQW) (See B3.2) 877(3) B42 The Assessment of Alcohol and Tobacco in Health-Related Research 880(4) B42.1 Selected Questions from Baseline Questionnaire: Health (BQH) (See B3.1) 881(2) B42.2 Selected Questions from Baseline Questionnaire: Nutrition (BQN) (See B3.3) 883(1) B43 The D(2) Dopamine Receptor Gene: Obesity, Smoking and Mood 884(3) B43.1 Procedures used for DNA Analysis of the D(2) Dopamine Receptor Gene 885(2) B45 Update and Check-in Questionnaire 887(4) B45.1 Update Questionnaire 888(10) B45.2 4-Month Check-in Questionnaire 898(3) B46 Weight-Cycling Questionnaire 901(7) B46.1 Weight Questionnaire 902(6) B47 The Semi-Structured Interview for Weight Change 908(7) B47.1 Semi-Structured Interview for Weight Change 909(6) Index 915
