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Operational Amplifiers 2nd ed. 2011 [Kõva köide]

Johan H. Huijsing

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Ilmumisaeg: 28-Apr-2011
Kirjastus: Springer
ISBN-10: 9400705956
ISBN-13: 9789400705951

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Formaat: Hardback, 433 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 234x156x23 mm, kaal: 785 g, biography, Contains 1 Book and 1 Digital online
Ilmumisaeg: 28-Apr-2011
Kirjastus: Springer
ISBN-10: 9400705956
ISBN-13: 9789400705951

Teised raamatud teemal:

Circuits & components - (Hetkel poes: 1 nimetust)

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9789400705951.html

Märksõnad:

Operational Amplifiers - Theory and Design, Second Edition presents a systematic circuit design of operational amplifiers. Containing state-of-the-art material as well as the essentials, the book is written to appeal to both the circuit designer and the system designer. It is shown that the topology of all operational amplifiers can be divided into nine main overall configurations. These configurations range from one gain stage up to four or more stages. Many famous designs are evaluated in depth.Additional chapters included are on systematic design of µV-offset operational amplifiers and precision instrumentation amplifiers by applying chopping, auto-zeroing, and dynamic element-matching techniques. Also, techniques for frequency compensation of amplifiers with high capacitive loads have been added.Operational Amplifiers - Theory and Design, Second Edition presents high-frequency compensation techniques to HF-stabilize all nine configurations. Special emphasis is placed on low-power low-voltage architectures with rail-to-rail input and output ranges.In addition to presenting characterization of operational amplifiers by macro models and error matrices, together with measurement techniques for their parameters it also develops the design of fully differential operational amplifiers and operational floating amplifiers.Operational Amplifiers - Theory and Design, Second Edition is carefully structured and enriched by numerous figures, problems and simulation exercises and is ideal for the purpose of self-study and self-evaluation.

This new edition contains state-of-the-art material as well as the essentials. It includes a systematic approach to the design of chopper and auto-zero OpAmps and Instrumentation Amplifiers with input offset voltages of the order of 1uV.

1 Definition of Operational Amplifiers

(10)

Nullor Concept

(1)

Classification Based on Number of Floating Ports

(1)

1.1 Operational Inverting Amplifier

(1)

Current-to-Voltage Converter

(1)

1.2 Operational Voltage Amplifier

(2)

Non-Inverting Voltage Amplifier

(1)

Voltage Follower

(1)

1.3 Operational Current Amplifier

(2)

Current Amplifier

(1)

Current Follower

(1)

1.4 Operational Floating Amplifier

(1)

Voltage-to-Current Converter

(1)

Voltage and Current Follower

(1)

1.5 Conclusion

(2)

1.6 References

(1)

2 Macromodels

(20)

2.1 Operational Inverting Amplifier

(1)

Definition of: Offset Voltage and Current, Input and Output Impedance, Transconductance

(1)

2.2 Operational Voltage Amplifier

(2)

Definition of: Input Bias Current, Input Common-Mode Rejection Ratio

(1)

2.3 Operational Current Amplifier

(1)

Definition of: Output Bias Current, Output Common-Mode Current Rejection Ratio

(1)

2.4 Operational Floating Amplifier

(1)

Using All Definitions

(1)

2.5 Macromodels in SPICE

(3)

Macromodel Mathematical

(1)

Macromodel Miller-Compensated

(1)

Macromodel Nested-Miller-Compensated

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

2.6 Measurement Techniques for Operational Amplifiers

(5)

Transconductance Measurement of an OTA

(1)

Voltage Gain Measurement of an OpAmp

(1)

Voltage Gain and Offset Measurements of an OpAmp

(1)

General Measurement Setup for an OpAmp

(2)

2.7 Problems and Simulation Exercises

(4)

Problem 2.1

(1)

Solution

(2)

Simulation Exercise 2.1

(1)

Simulation Exercise 2.2

(1)

2.8 References

(3)

3 Applications

(28)

3.1 Operational Inverting Amplifier

(3)

Current-to-Voltage Converter

(1)

Inverting Voltage Amplifier

(1)

3.2 Operational Voltage Amplifier

(3)

Non-Inverting Voltage Amplifier

(1)

Voltage Follower

(1)

Bridge Instrumentation Amplifier

(2)

3.3 Operational Current Amplifier

(1)

Current Amplifier

(1)

3.4 Operational Floating Amplifier

(6)

Voltage-to-Current Converter

(1)

Inverting Current Amplifier

(1)

Differential Voltage-to-Current Converter

(2)

Instrumentation Voltage Amplifier

(1)

Instrumentation Current Amplifier

(1)

Gyrator Floating

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

3.5 Dynamic Range

(8)

Dynamic Range Over Supply-Power Ratio

(1)

Voltage-to-Current Converter

(1)

Inverting Voltage Amplifier

(1)

Non-Inverting Voltage Amplifier

(1)

Inverting Voltage Integrator

(1)

Current Mirror

(1)

Conclusion Current Mirror

(1)

Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

3.6 Problems

(4)

Problem 3.1

(1)

Solution

(1)

Problem 3.2

(1)

Solution

(1)

Problem 3.3

(1)

Solution

(1)

3.7 References

(3)

4 Input Stages

(46)

4.1 Offset, Bias, and Drift

(11)

Isolation Techniques

(1)

Balancing Techniques

(5)

Offset Trimming

(2)

Biasing for Constant Transconductance Gm Over Temperature

(3)

4.2 Noise

(3)

Isolation Techniques

(2)

Balancing Techniques

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

4.3 Common-Mode Rejection

(9)

Isolation Techniques

(1)

Balancing Techniques

(1)

Combination of Isolation and Balancing

(1)

Common-Mode Cross-Talk Ratios

(1)

Parallel Input Impedance

(2)

Collector or Drain Impedance

(1)

Tail Impedance

(1)

Collector-Base Impedance

(1)

Base Impedance

(1)

Back-Gate Influence

(1)

Total CMCR

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

4.4 Rail-to-Rail Input Stages

(14)

Constant gm by Constant Sum of Tail-Currents

(3)

Constant gm by Multiple Input Stages in Strong-Inversion CMOS

(1)

Constant gm by Current Spillover Control

(4)

Constant gm in CMOS by Saturation Control

(1)

Constant gm in Strong-Inversion CMOS by Constant Sum of VGS

(3)

Rail-to-Rail in CMOS by Back-Gate Driving

(1)

Extension of the Common-Mode Input Range

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

4.5 Problems and Simulation Exercises

(8)

Problem 4.1

(1)

Solution

(1)

Problem 4.2

(1)

Solution

(1)

Problem 4.3

(1)

Solution

100

(1)

Simulation Exercise 4.1

100

(2)

Simulation Exercise 4.2

102

(1)

Simulation Exercise 4.3

102

(2)

4.6 References

104

(1)

5 Output Stages

105

(50)

5.1 Power Efficiency of Output Stages

105

(5)

5.2 Classification of Output Stages

110

(2)

5.3 Feedforward Class-AB Biasing (FFB)

112

(16)

FFB Voltage Follower Output Stages

112

(5)

FFB Compound Output Stages

117

(2)

FFB Rail-to-Rail General-Amplifier Output Stages

119

(9)

Conclusion

128

(1)

5.4 Feedback Class-AB Biasing (FBB)

128

(13)

FBB Voltage-Follower Output Stages

129

(1)

FBB Compound Output Stages

130

(5)

FBB Rail-to-Rail General Amplifier Output Stages

135

(5)

Conclusion

140

(1)

5.5 Saturation Protection and Current Limitation

141

(4)

Output Saturation Protection Circuits

141

(2)

Output Current Limitation Circuits

143

(2)

5.6 Problems and Simulation Exercises

145

(8)

Problem 5.1

145

(1)

Solution

146

(1)

Problem 5.2

146

(1)

Solution

147

(1)

Problem 5.3

148

(1)

Solution

148

(1)

Problem 5.4

149

(1)

Solution

149

(1)

Problem 5.5

150

(1)

Solution

150

(1)

Simulation Exercise 5.1

151

(1)

Simulation Exercise 5.2

152

(1)

5.7 References

153

(2)

6 Overall Design

155

(58)

6.1 Classification of Overall Topologies

155

(7)

Nine Overall Topologies

156

(4)

Voltage and Current Gain Boosting

160

(1)

Input Voltage and Current Compensation

160

(2)

6.2 Frequency Compensation

162

(36)

One-GA-Stage Frequency Compensation

163

(2)

No Internal Poles Without Cascodes!

165

(1)

Two-GA-Stage Frequency Compensation

166

(1)

Two-GA-Stage Parallel Compensation (PC)

167

(3)

Two-GA-Stage Miller Compensation (MC)

170

(2)

Remark on the Order of Pole Positions

172

(5)

Three-GA-Stage Frequency Compensation

177

(1)

Three-GA-Stage Nested Miller Compensation (NMC)

178

(3)

Three-GA-Stage Multipath Nested Miller Compensation (MNMC)

181

(3)

Four-GA-Stage Frequency Compensation

184

(1)

Four-GA-Stage Hybrid Nested Miller Compensation (HNMC)

184

(3)

Four-GA-Stage Multipath Hybrid Nested Miller Compensation (MHNMC)

187

(2)

Four-GA-Stage Conditionally Stable MHNMC

189

(1)

Multi-GA-Stage Compensations

189

(1)

Compensation for Low Power and High Capacitive Load

189

(1)

Active Miller Compensation

190

(1)

RC or Distributed RC Compensation Network

190

(2)

Damping Compensation Network

192

(1)

Quenching Capacitor Network

193

(2)

Reversed Nested Miller Compensation (RNMC) for Low Power and High Capacitive Load

195

(1)

Conclusion

196

(2)

6.3 Slew Rate

198

(2)

6.4 Non-Linear Distortion

200

(5)

Conclusion

205

(1)

6.5 Problems and Simulation Exercises

205

(6)

Problem 6.1

205

(1)

Solution

205

(1)

Problem 6.2

206

(1)

Solution

207

(1)

Problem 6.3

207

(1)

Solution

207

(1)

Problem 6.4

208

(1)

Solution

208

(1)

Problem 6.5

209

(1)

Solution

209

(1)

Simulation Exercise 6.1

210

(1)

Simulation Exercise 6.2

211

(1)

6.6 References

211

(2)

7 Design Examples

213

(78)

Nine Overall Topologies

213

(1)

7.1 GA-CF Configuration

213

(13)

Operational Transconductance Amplifier

213

(2)

Folded-Cascode Operational Amplifier

215

(4)

Telescopic-Cascode Operational Amplifier

219

(1)

Feedforward HF Compensation

220

(1)

Input Voltage Compensation

221

(2)

Input Class-AB Boosting

223

(1)

Voltage-Gain Boosting

224

(1)

Conclusion

225

(1)

7.2 GA-GA Configuration

226

(5)

Basic Bipolar R-R-Out Class-A Operational Amplifier

226

(2)

Improved Basic Bipolar R-R-Out Class-A Operational Amplifier

228

(1)

Basic CMOS R-R-Out Class-A Operational Amplifier

229

(1)

Improved Basic CMOS R-R-Out Class-A Operational Amplifier

229

(2)

Conclusion

231

(1)

7.3 GA-CF-VF Configuration

231

(4)

High-Speed Bipolar Class-AB Operational Amplifier

231

(3)

High-Slew-Rate Bipolar Class-AB Voltage-Follower Buffer

234

(1)

Conclusion

235

(1)

7.4 GA-GA-VF Configuration

235

(4)

General Bipolar Class-AB Operational Amplifier with Miller Compensation

235

(2)

μA741 Operational Amplifier with Miller Compensation

237

(2)

Conclusion

239

(1)

7.5 GA-CF-VF/GA Configuration

239

(3)

High-Frequency All-NPN Operational Amplifier with Mixed PC and MC

239

(2)

Conclusion

241

(1)

7.6 GA-GA-VF/GA Configuration

242

(9)

LM101 Class-AB All-NPN Operational Amplifier with MC

242

(2)

NE5534 Class-AB Operational Amplifier with Bypassed NMC

244

(1)

Precision All-NPN Class-AB Operational Amplifier with NMC

245

(1)

Precision HF All-NPN Class-AB Operational Amplifier with MNMC

246

(3)

1 GHz, All-NPN Class-AB Operational Amplifier with MNMC

249

(1)

2 V Power-Efficient All-NPN Class-AB Operational Amplifier with MDNMC

249

(2)

Conclusion

251

(1)

7.7 GA-CF-GA Configuration

251

(10)

Compact 1.2 V R-R-Out CMOS Class-A OpAmp with MC

252

(2)

Compact 2 V R-R-Out CMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MC

254

(2)

Compact 2 V R-R-In/Out CMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MC

256

(3)

Compact 1.2 V R-R-Out CMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MC

259

(2)

Conclusion

261

(1)

7.8 GA-GA-GA Configuration

261

(10)

1 V R-R-Out CMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MNMC

261

(4)

Compact 1.2 V R-R-Out BiCMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MNMC

265

(2)

Bipolar Input and Output Protection

267

(1)

1.8 V R-R-In/Out Bipolar Class-AB OpAmp (NE5234) with NMC

267

(4)

Conclusion

271

(1)

7.9 GA-GA-GA-GA Configuration

271

(10)

1 V R-R-In/Out Bipolar Class-AB OpAmp with MNMC

271

(5)

1.2 V R-R-Out CMOS Class-AB OpAmp with MHNMC

276

(4)

Conclusion

280

(1)

7.10 Problems and Simulation Exercises

281

(7)

Problem 7.1

281

(1)

Solution

281

(2)

Problem 7.2

283

(1)

Solution

283

(1)

Problem 7.3

284

(1)

Solution

284

(1)

Problem 7.4

285

(1)

Solution

285

(2)

Simulation Exercise 7.1

287

(1)

Simulation Exercise 7.2

288

(1)

7.11 References

288

(3)

8 Fully Differential Operational Amplifiers

291

(18)

8.1 Fully Differential GA-CF Configuration

291

(8)

Fully Differential CMOS OpAmp with Linear-Mode CM-Out Control

292

(2)

Fully Differential Telescopic CMOS OpAmp with Linear-Mode CM-Out Control

294

(1)

Fully Differential CMOS OpAmp with LTP CM-Out Control

294

(1)

Fully Differential GA-CF CMOS OpAmp with Output Voltage Gain Boosters

295

(1)

Fully Differential GA-CF CMOS OpAmp with Input-CM Feedback CM-Out Control

296

(1)

Fully Differential CMOS OpAmp with R-R Buffered Resistive CM-Out Control

297

(2)

8.2 Fully Differential GA-CF-GA Configuration

299

(3)

Fully Differential CMOS OpAmp with R-R Resistive CM-Out Control

299

(2)

Conclusion

301

(1)

8.3 Fully Differential GA-GA-GA-GA Configuration

302

(1)

Fully Differential CMOS OpAmp with Switched-Capacitor CM-Out Control

302

(1)

Conclusion

302

(1)

8.4 Problems and Simulation Exercises

303

(4)

Problem 8.1

303

(1)

Solution

304

(1)

Problem 8.2

305

(1)

Solution

305

(1)

Simulation Exercise 8.1

306

(1)

8.5 References

307

(2)

9 Instrumentation Amplifiers and Operational Floating Amplifiers

309

(42)

9.1 Introduction

309

(2)

9.2 Unipolar Voltage-to-Current Converter

311

(5)

Unipolar Single-Transistor V-I Converter

312

(1)

Unipolar OpAmp-Gain-Boosted Accurate V-I Converter

312

(1)

Unipolar CMOS Accurate V-I Converter

313

(1)

Unipolar Bipolar Accurate V-I Converter

314

(1)

Unipolar OpAmp Accurate V-I Converter

315

(1)

Conclusion

316

(1)

9.3 Differential Voltage-to-Current Converters

316

(3)

Differential Simple V-I Converter

316

(1)

Differential Accurate V-I Converter

317

(1)

Differential CMOS Accurate V-I Converter

318

(1)

9.4 Instrumentation Amplifiers

319

(9)

Instrumentation Amplifier (Semi) with Three OpAmps

319

(1)

Instrumentation Amplifier with a Differential V-I Converter for Input Sensing

320

(2)

Instrumentation Amplifier with Differential V-I Converters for Input and Output Sensing

322

(1)

Instrumentation Amplifier with Simple Differential V-I Converters for Input and Output Sensing

323

(1)

Instrumentation Amplifier Bipolar with Common-Mode Voltage Range Including Negative Rail Voltage

324

(1)

Instrumentation Amplifier CMOS with Common-Mode Voltage Range Including Negative Rail Voltage

325

(1)

Instrumentation Amplifier Simplified Diagram and General Symbol

326

(1)

Conclusion

327

(1)

9.5 Universal Class-AB Voltage-to-Current Converter Design Using an Instrumentation Amplifier

328

(3)

Universal V-I Converter Design with Semi-instrumentation Amplifier

328

(1)

Universal V-I Converter Design with Real Instrumentation Amplifier

329

(2)

9.6 Universal Class-A OFA Design

331

(6)

Universal Class-A OFA Design with Floating Zener-Diode Supply

331

(1)

Universal Class-A OFA Design with Supply Current Followers

332

(1)

Universal Class-A OFA Design with Long-Tailed-Pairs

333

(4)

Conclusion

337

(1)

9.7 Universal Class-AB OFA Realization with Power-Supply Isolation

337

(1)

Universal Floating Power Supply Design

338

(1)

Conclusion

338

(1)

9.8 Universal Class-AB OFA Design

338

(7)

Universal Class-AB OFA Design with Total-Output-Supply-Current Equalization

339

(2)

Universal Class-AB OFA Design with Current Mirrors

341

(2)

Universal Class-AB OFA Design with Output-Current Equalization

343

(1)

Universal Class-AB Voltage-to-Current Converter with Instrumentation Amplifier

344

(1)

Conclusion

345

(1)

9.9 Problems

345

(4)

Problem 9.1

345

(1)

Solution

345

(2)

Problem 9.2

347

(1)

Solution

348

(1)

Problem 9.3

348

(1)

Solution

349

(1)

9.10 References

349

(2)

10 Low Noise and Low Offset Operational and Instrumentation Amplifiers

351

(48)

10.1 Introduction

351

(1)

10.2 Applications of Instrumentation Amplifiers

352

(2)

10.3 Three-OpAmp Instrumentation Amplifiers

354

(1)

10.4 Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifiers

355

(3)

10.5 Auto-Zero OpAmps and InstAmps

358

(3)

10.6 Chopper OpAmps and InstAmps

361

(5)

10.7 Chopper-Stabilized OpAmps and InstAmps

366

(6)

10.8 Chopper-Stabilized and AZ Chopper OpAmps and InstAmps

372

(4)

10.9 Chopper Amplifiers with Ripple-Reduction Loop

376

(6)

10.10 Chopper Amplifiers with Capacitive-Coupled Input

382

(7)

10.11 Gain Accuracy of Instrumentation Amplifiers

389

(7)

10.12 Summary Low Offset

396

(1)

10.13 References

397

(2)

Biography

399

(2)

Index

401

Johan H. Huijsing received his M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, in 1969, and his Ph.D. from the same University in 1981 for work on operational amplifiers. Since 1969 he has been a member of the Research and Teaching Staff of the Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, where he became a full Professor of Electronic Instrumentation since 1990, and professor-emeritus since 2003. He teaches courses on Electrical Measurement Techniques, Electronic Instrumentation, Operational Amplifiers and Analog-to-digital Converters. His field of research is Analog Circuit Design (operational amplifiers, analog multipliers, etc.) and Integrated Smart Sensors. He is author or co-author of some 250 scientific papers, 40 patents and 13 books, and co-editor of 13 books. He is fellow of IEEE. He received the title award of "Simon Stevin Meester" from the Dutch Technology Foundation.

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