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Optical System Design, Second Edition 2nd edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 809 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 239x196x45 mm, kaal: 1576 g, 300 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
  • ISBN-10: 0071472487
  • ISBN-13: 9780071472487
Teised raamatud teemal:
Optical System Design, Second Edition 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 809 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 239x196x45 mm, kaal: 1576 g, 300 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2008
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
  • ISBN-10: 0071472487
  • ISBN-13: 9780071472487
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780071472487.html
Märksõnad:
This text uses an informal tone, easy-to-understand explanations, a wealth of b&w illustrations, and a minimum of mathematical derivations to explain optical design and engineering to everyone from program managers to seasoned optical designers and engineers, mechanical engineers, and electrical engineers. Coverage encompasses computer-aided optical design techniques, diffractive optics, and the latest applications in areas such as digital imaging, telecommunications, lasers, and machine vision. This second edition contains new chapters on optomechanical design, systems analysis, polarization, diffractive optics, and stray-light suppression. Fischer is involved in optical design and engineering in the private sector. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Learn advanced optical design techniques from the fields most respected guideHoned for more than 20 years in an SPIE professional course taught by renowned optical systems designer Robert E. Fischer, Optical System Design, Second Edition brings you the latest cutting-edge design techniques and more than 400 detailed diagrams that clearly illustrate every major procedure in optical design. This thoroughly updated resource helps you work better and faster with computer-aided optical design techniques, diffractive optics, and the latest applications, including digital imaging, telecommunications, and machine vision. No need for complex, unnecessary mathematical derivations-instead, you get hundreds of examples that break the techniques down into understandable steps. For twenty-first century optical design without the mystery, the authoritative Optical Systems Design, Second Edition features:Computer-aided design use explained through sample problemsCase studies of third-millennium applications in digital imaging, sensors, lasers, machine vision, and moreNew chapters on optomechanical design, systems analysis, and stray-light suppressionNew chapter on polarization including lots of really useful informationNew and expanded chapter on diffractive opticsTechniques for getting rid of geometrical aberrationsTesting, tolerancing, and manufacturing guidanceIntelligent use of aspheric surfaces in optical designPointers on using off-the-shelf opticsBasic optical principles and solutions for common and advanced design problems
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Basic Optics and Optical System Specifications
1(28)
The Purpose of an Imaging Optical System
1(3)
How to Specify Your Optical System: Basic Parameters
4(7)
Basic Definition of Terms
11(4)
Useful First-Order Relationships
15(14)
Stops and Pupils and Other Basic Principles
29(6)
The Role of the Aperture Stop
29(2)
Entrance and Exit Pupils
31(1)
Vignetting
32(3)
Diffraction, Aberrations, and Image Quality
35(14)
What Image Quality Is All About
35(1)
What Are Geometrical Aberrations and Where Do They Come From?
36(4)
What Is Diffraction?
40(3)
Diffraction-Limited Performance
43(2)
Derivation of System Specifications
45(4)
The Concept of Optical Path Difference
49(10)
Optical Path Difference (OPD) and the Rayleigh Criteria
49(3)
Peak-to-Valley and RMS Wavefront Error
52(3)
The Wave Aberration Polynomial
55(1)
Depth of Focus
56(3)
Review of Specific Geometrical Aberrations and How to Get Rid of Them
59(36)
Spherical Aberration
60(12)
Coma
72(3)
Astigmatism
75(3)
Field Curvature and the Role of Field Lenses
78(7)
Distortion
85(4)
Axial Color
89(1)
Lateral Color
90(1)
Parametric Analysis of Aberrations Introduced by Plane Parallel Plates
91(4)
Glass Selection (Including Plastics)
95(20)
Material Properties Overview
95(1)
The Glass Map and Partial Dispersion
96(6)
Parametric Examples of Glass Selection
102(4)
How to Select Glass
106(3)
Plastic Optical Materials
109(2)
A Visual Aid to Glass Selection
111(4)
Spherical and Aspheric Surfaces
115(14)
Definition of an Aspheric Surface
115(2)
Conic Surfaces
117(2)
Application of Aspheric Surfaces in Reflective and Refractive Systems
119(5)
Guidelines in the Use of Aspheric Surfaces
124(2)
Specification of Aspheric Surfaces
126(3)
Design Forms
129(38)
Introduction
129(2)
System Configurations for Refractive Systems
131(7)
System Configurations for Reflective Systems
138(6)
Reflective Systems, Relative Merits
144(2)
Refractive Systems, Relative Merits
146(1)
Mirrors and Prisms
147(8)
Design of Visual Systems
155(12)
The Optical Design Process
167(12)
What Do We Do When We Optimize a Lens System?
168(3)
How Does the Designer Approach the Optical Design Task?
171(5)
Sample Lens Design Problem
176(3)
Computer Performance Evaluation
179(20)
What Is Meant by Performance Evaluation
179(1)
What Is Resolution?
180(1)
Ray Trace Curves
181(6)
Spot Diagrams
187(2)
Optical Path Difference
189(1)
Encircled Energy
189(2)
MTF
191(8)
Gaussian Beam Imagery
199(14)
Beam Waist and Beam Divergence
201(2)
Collimation of Laser Beams
203(1)
Propagation of Gaussian Beams and Focusing into a Small Spot
204(1)
Truncation of a Gaussian Beam
205(3)
Application of Gaussian Beam Optics in Laser Systems
208(3)
F-θ Lenses in Laser Scanners
211(2)
Basics of Thermal Infrared Imaging in the 3- to 5- and 8- to 12-μm Spectral Bands (Plus UV Optics)
213(46)
The Basics of Thermal Infrared Imaging
213(4)
The Dewar, Cold Stop, and Cold Shield
217(2)
Cold Stop Efficiency
219(3)
Scanning Methods
222(7)
IR Materials
229(7)
Reduced Aberrations with IR Materials
236(3)
Image Anomalies
239(7)
Athermalization
246(4)
System Design Examples
250(5)
Optical Systems for the UV
255(4)
Diffractive Optics
259(62)
Introduction
259(3)
The Many Faces of Diffractive Optics
262(15)
What Design and Modeling Tools Should I Use?
277(10)
How Are Diffractives Fabricated?
287(21)
Where Are Diffractives Used?
308(10)
References
318(3)
Design of Illumination Systems
321(12)
Introduction
321(1)
Kohler and Abbe Illumination
322(2)
Optical Invariant and Etendue
324(5)
Other Types of Illumination Systems
329(4)
Performance Evaluation and Optical Testing
333(14)
Testing with the Standard 1951 U.S. Air Force Target
333(4)
The Modulation Transfer Function
337(3)
Interferometry
340(4)
Other Tests
344(3)
Tolerancing and Producibility
347(42)
Introduction
347(1)
What Are Testplates and Why Are They Important?
348(5)
How to Tolerance an Optical System
353(3)
How Image Degradations from Different Tolerances Are Summed
356(3)
Forms of Tolerances
359(5)
Adjusting Parameters
364(2)
Typical Tolerances for Various Cost Models
366(1)
Example of Tolerance Analysis
367(7)
Surface Irregularities
374(2)
How Does Correlation Relate to Performance?
376(1)
Effect to Spot Diameter
377(2)
Effect to MTF: The Optical Quality Factor
379(4)
Beam Diameter and Surface Irregularity
383(1)
The Final Results
384(5)
Optomechanical Design
389(90)
Environmental Considerations
389(4)
Applicable Design Guidelines
393(1)
Environmental Testing Methods
393(1)
Mechanical Parameters and Properties
393(1)
Typical Mechanical Property Values for Selected Materials
394(2)
Structural Design
396(2)
Vibration, Self-Weight Deflection, and Fundamental Frequency
398(2)
Shock
400(1)
Rigid Housing Configurations
400(1)
Modular Construction
401(4)
Support Structure Configurations
405(9)
Establishing Axial and Lateral Preload Requirements
414(1)
Spherical and Crowned Lens Rims
415(1)
Interfaces for Other Optical Components
416(3)
Individual Lens Mounting Techniques
419(7)
Surface Contact Interface Shapes
426(3)
Mounting Windows, Shells, and Domes
429(5)
Stress Consequences of Axial Preload
434(2)
Temperature Effects on Axial Preload
436(3)
Radial Stresses and Their Variations with Temperature
439(1)
Bending Effects in Rotationally Symmetric Optics
439(2)
Multiple-Component Lens Assemblies
441(11)
Incorporating Prisms into the Design
452(7)
Mirror Mountings
459(8)
Mechanical Athermalization Techniques
467(9)
References
476(3)
Optical Manufacturing Considerations
479(28)
Material
480(5)
Manufacturing
485(7)
Special Fabrication Considerations
492(10)
Relative Manufacturing Cost
502(1)
Sourcing Considerations
502(2)
Conclusion
504(3)
Polarization Issues in Optical Design
507(62)
Introduction
507(1)
Introduction to Polarization
508(5)
The Mathematical Description of Polarized Light
513(10)
Some Polarization Phenomena
523(12)
Polarization Control Nuts and Bolts
535(20)
Polarization Analysis of an Optical System
555(4)
Minimizing Polarization Problems in Optical Design
559(1)
Polarization as a Tool in Optical System Design
560(5)
Summary
565(2)
Bibliography
567(2)
Optical Thin Films
569(18)
Introduction
569(1)
Designing Optical Coatings
570(1)
Various Categories of Optical Coatings
571(7)
Optical Coating Process
578(4)
Coating Performance Versus Number of Layers
582(1)
Specifying Coating Requirements
583(1)
Relationship Between Production Cost, Tolerances, and Quality
584(1)
Bibliography
585(2)
Hardware Design Issues
587(16)
Off-the-Shelf Optics
587(2)
How to Effectively Work with Off-the-Shelf Optics
589(1)
Working with Off-the-Shelf Singlets and Doublets
590(1)
Example of Lens Used at Conjugates Different from What It Was Designed
591(3)
Pupil Matching
594(1)
Development of a Lab Mockup Using Off-the-Shelf Optics
595(1)
Stray Light Control
595(5)
Optomechanical Design
600(3)
Lens Design Optimization Case Studies
603(56)
Error Function Construction
603(2)
Achromatic Doublet Lens Design
605(5)
Double Gauss Lens Design
610(22)
Digital Camera Lens
632(10)
Binocular Design
642(4)
Parametric Design Study of Simple Lenses Using Advanced Manufacturing Methods
646(9)
Design Data for Double Gauss
655(4)
Optical Sensor Systems Modeling and Analysis
659(44)
Introduction
659(1)
Image Formation
660(3)
Detector Arrays
663(6)
Optical System Noise Characteristics
669(22)
Color Sensors
691(5)
Electronic Correction
696(1)
Camera Connectivity
697(4)
Bibliography
701(2)
Stray Light and Optical Scattering
703(36)
Introduction
703(1)
Stray Light Scatter Sources
703(8)
Types of Scatter
711(2)
Modeling and Analysis Techniques
713(2)
Veiling Glare
715(1)
Cleanliness
716(1)
Suppression Techniques
717(14)
Bright Field and Dark Field
731(5)
How to Avoid Unwanted Stray Light
736(1)
Bibliography
737(2)
Bloopers and Blunders in Optics
739(28)
Distortion in a 1:1 Imaging Lens
739(1)
Zoom Periscope
740(2)
Sign of Distortion
742(2)
Lens Elements That Are Not Necessary
744(1)
Pupil Problems
744(1)
Not Enough Light
745(1)
Athermalization Using Teflon
746(1)
Athermalization Specifications
746(1)
Bad Glass Choice
747(1)
Elements in Backward
747(1)
Insufficient Sampling of Fields of View or Aperture
748(1)
Images Upside Down or Rotated
749(1)
The Hubble Telescope Null Lens Problem
750(5)
Wrong Glass Type in a Precision Lens System
755(1)
Single Use Camera with a Diffractive Achromat
755(1)
Wrong Image Handedness
756(1)
Cemented Triplet as Part of an Imaging System
757(1)
Total Internal Reflection in a Cube Beamsplitter
758(2)
Diffractive Optics Issues
760(3)
Case of the Miscoated Mangin
763(2)
Telescopes and Polarization
765(2)
Rule of Thumb and Hints
767(8)
General Optical Design Topics
767(3)
Optomechanical Topics
770(2)
Diffractive Optics
772(3)
Glossary 775(10)
Bibliography 785(2)
Index 787


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