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1 | (12) |
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1.1 Optimization problems |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Exact vs. approximate methods |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Graphs: basic notation and definitions |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.7 Bibliographical notes |
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10 | (3) |
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2 A short tour of combinatorial optimization and computational complexity |
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13 | (28) |
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13 | (5) |
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2.2 Computational complexity |
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18 | (18) |
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2.2.1 Polynomial-time algorithms |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Characterization of problems and instances |
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20 | (2) |
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2.2.3 One problem has three versions |
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22 | (4) |
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2.2.4 The classes P and NP |
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26 | (4) |
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2.2.5 Polynomial transformations and NP-complete problems |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2.8 Pseudo-polynomial algorithms and strong NP-completeness |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.9 PSPACE and the polynomial hierarchy |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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2.4 Bibliographical notes |
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38 | (3) |
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3 Solution construction and greedy algorithms |
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41 | (22) |
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41 | (5) |
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46 | (2) |
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3.3 Adaptive greedy algorithms |
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48 | (11) |
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3.4 Semi-greedy algorithms |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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3.6 Bibliographical notes |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (32) |
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4.1 Solution representation |
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63 | (4) |
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4.2 Neighborhoods and search space graph |
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67 | (7) |
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4.3 Implementation strategies |
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74 | (11) |
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4.3.1 Neighborhood search |
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75 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Cost function update |
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77 | (5) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4 Ejection chains and perturbations |
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85 | (3) |
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4.5 Going beyond the first local optimum |
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88 | (3) |
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4.5.1 Tabu search and short-term memory |
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88 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Variable neighborhood descent |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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4.7 Bibliographical notes |
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91 | (4) |
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5 GRASP: The basic heuristic |
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95 | (18) |
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95 | (1) |
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5.2 Semi-greedy multistart |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (5) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (5) |
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5.5.1 Probabilistic stopping rule |
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105 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Gaussian approximation for GRASP iterations |
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106 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Stopping rule implementation |
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107 | (3) |
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5.6 GRASP for multiobjective optimization |
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110 | (1) |
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5.7 Bibliographical notes |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (34) |
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113 | (1) |
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6.2 Runtime distribution of GRASP |
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114 | (4) |
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6.3 Comparing algorithms with exponential runtime distributions |
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118 | (5) |
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6.4 Comparing algorithms with general runtime distributions |
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123 | (3) |
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6.5 Numerical applications to sequential algorithms |
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126 | (16) |
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6.5.1 DM-D5 and GRASP algorithms for server replication |
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126 | (6) |
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6.5.2 Multistart and tabu search algorithms for routing and wavelength assignment |
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132 | (1) |
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6.5.3 GRASP algorithms for 2-path network design |
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132 | (10) |
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6.6 Comparing and evaluating parallel algorithms |
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142 | (3) |
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6.7 Bibliographical notes |
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145 | (2) |
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7 Extended construction heuristics |
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147 | (20) |
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147 | (1) |
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7.2 Probabilistic choice of the RCL parameter |
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148 | (1) |
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7.3 Random plus greedy and sampled greedy |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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7.7 Proximate optimality principle in construction |
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152 | (1) |
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7.8 Pattern-based construction |
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152 | (3) |
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7.9 Lagrangean GRASP heuristics |
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155 | (7) |
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7.9.1 Lagrangean relaxation and subgradient optimization |
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155 | (2) |
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7.9.2 A template for Lagrangean heuristics |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (3) |
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7.10 Bibliographical notes |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (22) |
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8.1 Template and mechanics of path-relinking |
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167 | (8) |
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8.1.1 Restricted neighborhoods |
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167 | (6) |
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8.1.2 A template for forward path-relinking |
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173 | (2) |
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8.2 Other implementation strategies for path-relinking |
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175 | (6) |
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8.2.1 Backward and back-and-forward path-relinking |
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176 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Mixed path-relinking |
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178 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Truncated path-relinking |
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179 | (2) |
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8.3 Minimum distance required for path-relinking |
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181 | (1) |
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8.4 Dealing with infeasibilities in path-relinking |
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182 | (3) |
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8.5 Randomization in path-relinking |
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185 | (1) |
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8.6 External path-relinking and diversification |
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186 | (2) |
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8.7 Bibliographical notes |
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188 | (1) |
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9 GRASP with path-relinking |
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189 | (16) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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9.3 Hybridization of GRASP with path-relinking |
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191 | (1) |
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9.4 Evolutionary path-relinking |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (6) |
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9.6 Bibliographical notes |
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202 | (3) |
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10 Parallel GRASP heuristics |
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205 | (24) |
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10.1 Multiple-walk independent-thread strategies |
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205 | (5) |
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10.2 Multiple-walk cooperative-thread strategies |
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210 | (1) |
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10.3 Some parallel GRASP implementations |
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211 | (15) |
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10.3.1 Three-index assignment |
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212 | (4) |
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10.3.2 Job shop scheduling |
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216 | (5) |
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10.3.3 2-path network design problem |
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221 | (5) |
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10.4 Bibliographical notes |
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226 | (3) |
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11 GRASP for continuous optimization |
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229 | (16) |
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11.1 Box-constrained global optimization |
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229 | (2) |
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11.2 C-GRASP for continuous box-constrained global optimization |
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231 | (2) |
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11.3 C-GRASP construction phase |
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233 | (3) |
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11.4 Approximate discrete line search |
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236 | (1) |
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11.5 C-GRASP local search |
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237 | (2) |
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11.6 Computing global optima with C-GRASP |
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239 | (5) |
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11.7 Bibliographical notes |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (30) |
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12.1 2-path network design problem |
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245 | (3) |
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12.1.1 GRASP with path-relinking for 2-path network design |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (5) |
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12.2.1 Two-phase heuristic |
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248 | (2) |
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12.2.2 GRASP for graph planarization |
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250 | (2) |
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12.2.3 Enlarging the planar subgraph |
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252 | (1) |
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12.3 Unsplittable multicommodity network flow: Application to bandwidth packing |
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253 | (7) |
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12.3.1 Problem formulation |
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254 | (3) |
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12.3.2 GRASP with path-relinking for PVC routing |
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257 | (3) |
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12.4 Maximum cut in a graph |
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260 | (10) |
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12.4.1 GRASP with path-relinking for the maximum cut problem |
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261 | (9) |
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12.5 Bibliographical notes |
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270 | (5) |
References |
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275 | (28) |
Index |
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303 | |