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Our Genes: A Philosophical Perspective on Human Evolutionary Genomics [Pehme köide]

(University of California, Santa Cruz)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 394 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 228x151x19 mm, kaal: 700 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1316621502
  • ISBN-13: 9781316621509
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 394 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 228x151x19 mm, kaal: 700 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1316621502
  • ISBN-13: 9781316621509
Teised raamatud teemal:
Combines natural science and philosophy to attract academic and general readers interested in philosophical questions about who we are and how we are connected. By investigating current trends in genomic research, Our Genes illustrates the potential and the limitations of genes to inform our sense of identity.

Situated at the intersection of natural science and philosophy, Our Genes explores historical practices, investigates current trends, and imagines future work in genetic research to answer persistent, political questions about human diversity. Readers are guided through fascinating thought experiments, complex measures and metrics, fundamental evolutionary patterns, and in-depth treatment of exciting case studies. The work culminates in a philosophical rationale, based on scientific evidence, for a moderate position about the explanatory power of genes that is often left unarticulated. Simply put, human evolutionary genomics - our genes - can tell us much about who we are as individuals and as collectives. However, while they convey scientific certainty in the popular imagination, genes cannot answer some of our most important questions. Alternating between an up-close and a zoomed-out focus on genes and genomes, individuals and collectives, species and populations, Our Genes argues that the answers we seek point to rich, necessary work ahead.

Arvustused

'Winther's book is a synthesis of philosophical perspectives on modern evolutionary genomics, written by one of the few people in the world who have a sufficiently deep understanding of both philosophy and biology to achieve such an undertaking. It is a remarkable tour de force of the philosophy of genomics that should be essential reading for students and scholars interested in the broader implications of human genomic research. But the book will also appeal to a more general audience interested in understanding genetics and in finding out what genetics and evolutionary biology can, and cannot, tell them about the fundamental question: Who am I?' Rasmus Nielsen, University of California, Berkeley, USA 'Our Genes makes a significant and welcome contribution! Race theorists seeking to reconcile humanities training and impulses with the insights of contemporary genomics will find Winther's rigorous but accessible study particularly valuable. This is vital work.' Paul C. Taylor, Vanderbilt University, USA 'It's a rare book indeed in which someone from another discipline examines the basic suppositions and habits of thought characteristic of one's own field with equal parts inspiration and care such that it gives you a whole new perspective on what you do and why. Rasmus Winther's Our Genes is one such book. It is a seamless alloy of evolution, genetics, and the philosophy of biology in which each topic is explained in a manner accessible to non-experts. It also subjects these ideas to deep examination and cogent criticism with pressing implications both for how philosophers should approach problems in population genetics and how population geneticists might sharpen their questions. It should be widely and closely read in philosophy and population genetics seminars alike and could well form the foundation for a new generation of fruitful collaborations between philosophers and population geneticists.' Charles S. Roseman, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA 'Our Genes isn't the last word, it's the first words you should read on the population genetics, molecular genetics, and gene/environment interaction that shaped Homo sapiens over the last several hundred thousand years. Rasmus Winther has produced a tour de force of scientific synthesis, and philosophical analysis, and wisdom about the uses of both.' Alex Rosenberg, Duke University, USA

Muu info

Human evolutionary genomics illuminates fascinating philosophical questions about our individual identities and collective connections.
Preface xi
1 Introduction
2 Origins and Histories
18(54)
The Emergence of the Genetic Paradigm
19(3)
Mathematical, Material, and Computational Genetics
22(3)
The Power and Pervasiveness of Statistics
25(2)
R.A. Fisher: Statistics, Genetics, and Eugenics
27(3)
A Thought Experiment
30(3)
Genomic Journeys
33(31)
Questioning European Origins
34(3)
Evolution within Africa; Migrations Out of Africa
37(6)
Our Ancestral Mother and Father
43(9)
Our Family Tree
52(4)
Out of Europe?
56(8)
The Path Ahead
64(3)
Genomics Glossary
67(5)
3 The Mind, the Lab, and the Field: Three Kinds of Populations
72(26)
Three Kinds of Populations
75(10)
Fisher on Theoretical Populations
76(3)
Park on Laboratory Populations
79(3)
Lack on Natural Populations
82(3)
Distinguishing Population Types
85(10)
"Effective Population Size" as a Barrier: Distinguishing Theoretical from Natural Populations
86(4)
The Danger of Conflation: Theoretical and Natural Populations in Structure Analyses
90(5)
Assumption Archaeology and Population Pluralism
95(3)
4 Metrics and Measures
98(32)
The Meanings of Metrics and Measures: Realism or Constructivism?
101(2)
Three Metrics and Measures of Genetic Variation
103(9)
Genetic Diversity
103(2)
Genetic Heterozygosity
105(4)
Genetic Differentiation
109(1)
Contrasting (Genetic) Diversity, Heterozygosity, and Differentiation
110(2)
Theoretical and Disciplinary Homes
112(14)
Conservation Biology
114(2)
Taxonomy
116(2)
Lewontin (1972): Taxonomy Meets Conservation Biology
118(4)
Phylogenetics
122(4)
Homo sapiens: A Special Case
126(4)
5 Models and Methodologies
130(34)
A Tale of Two Methodologies
134(15)
Variance Partitioning
138(6)
Clustering Analysis
144(4)
Mutual Methodological Consistency
148(1)
When Maps Become the World
149(13)
Population Reification
150(7)
FST Reification
157(2)
Cluster Reification
159(1)
Statistic--Parameter Reification
160(2)
Whither the Two Methodologies?
162(2)
6 Six Patterns of Human Genomic Variation
164(26)
Six Empirical Patterns
166(23)
1 There Is Low Intraspecies Genomic Variation
167(1)
2 There Are Small, But Often Critical, Interspecies Differences
168(3)
3 Of All Continental Regions, Africa Has The Oldest - And Thus The Richest And Most Encompassing -- Human Genomic Variation
171(5)
4 Most Genetic Variation Is Among Individuals Within Populations, Not Across Populations Within Continental Regions, Nor Across Different Continental Regions (Lewontin's Distribution)
176(9)
5 Despite Lewontin's Distribution, Clustering Populations And Classifying Individuals Is Possible
185(2)
6 Genomic Heterozygosity Of Populations Decreases With Increasing Distance From Africa, Along Human Migration Routes
187(2)
Pattern Matters
189(1)
7 Natural Selection
190(36)
Natural Selection: Distinctions and Complementarity
192(7)
The Genomic Signature of Natural Selection
199(2)
Determining the Legible Signature of Selection
201(13)
Case Study: Freediving Physiology
214(9)
Trait Individuation
217(1)
Gene Individuation
218(1)
Mechanisms
219(2)
Adaptive Scenario
221(1)
Evidence of Selection
221(1)
Evolutionary History
222(1)
Taking a Step Back
223(3)
8 Intelligence, Female Orgasm, and Future Discovery
226(36)
Gene versus Environment in Disease
228(9)
Intelligence, Female Orgasm, and Future Discovery
237(22)
Intelligence
238(5)
Female Orgasm
243(16)
The Distinction Between Gene and Environment, and the Adaptationist Paradigm
259(3)
9 Is Race Real?
262(22)
Philosophers of Race Speak
264(3)
The Reality and Reification of Race
267(3)
Lewontin's Distribution and "Lewontin's Fallacy": When the Single Shannon Just Isn't Enough
270(5)
The Song Remains the Same
275(4)
Political Consequences and Possible Futures
279(4)
Is Race Real?
283(1)
10 The Conscious Universe: Genes in Complex Systems
284(30)
Clockwork, Soup, and Consciousness
286(2)
Chance, Law, and the Limits of Total Explanation
288(7)
Statistics in a Conscious Universe
295(9)
Philosophies of Causation
304(1)
Explanatory Paradigms
305(2)
An Invitation to the Reader
307(1)
The Grand Scheme of Life
308(3)
The Final Paradox
311(3)
References 314(44)
Index 358
Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther is a philosopher of science, researcher, writer, educator, diver, and explorer. He is Professor of Humanities at University of California, Santa Cruz and Affiliate Professor of Transformative Science at the GLOBE Institute at University of Copenhagen.