| Abbreviations and symbols |
|
xviii | |
|
The critical care continuum |
|
|
1 | (16) |
|
Why hospital-wide critical care? |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Models of critical care outreach |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Aims of critical care outreach |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Intervening pre-critical care admission |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Intervening post-critical care discharge |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
Emergency recognition and response |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
Assessment of the acutely unwell patient |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
Secondary transfer of critically ill patients |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
The critical care environment |
|
|
17 | (24) |
|
Who benefits from critical care? |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (2) |
|
Organization: design of units |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
Organization: safety in critical care |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
|
|
26 | (4) |
|
Organization: team working |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Stress and burnout in critical care |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Performance: ensuring quality of care |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
|
34 | (2) |
|
Critical care scoring systems |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
Infection and the critical care environment |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Hand washing and disinfection |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
The patient in the critical care environment |
|
|
41 | (32) |
|
Stress: the physiological response |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
Stressors in critical care |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
|
52 | (2) |
|
|
|
54 | (4) |
|
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
Patient perceptions of critical care |
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
Sensory imbalance and temporal disorientation |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
Diurnal rhythm and sleep disturbance |
|
|
66 | (2) |
|
The dying patient: non-escalation or withdrawal of treatment |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
The dying patient: supporting family and loved ones |
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
Nursing skills to support critical care patients |
|
|
73 | (18) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Bedside emergency equipment checks |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
Prevention of immobility complications |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
Preventing complications: hospital acquired infection |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
Communication: the patient |
|
|
86 | (2) |
|
Communication: the family and loved ones |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Cardiovascular monitoring |
|
|
91 | (26) |
|
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
Arrhythmias: disorders of impulse formation |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
Arrhythmias: disorders of impulse conduction |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
The 12-lead electrocardiogram |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
Pulmonary artery catheter use |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Pulmonary artery catheter: insertion and removal |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
Cardiac output: thermodilution |
|
|
110 | (3) |
|
Cardiac output: peripheral dilution techniques |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Cardiac output: Doppler ultrasound |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Cardiac output: other techniques |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (10) |
|
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
|
|
122 | (2) |
|
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
|
|
127 | (8) |
|
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Jugular venous bulb oximetry |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
EEG, BIS, CFM, and TCD monitoring |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
|
|
135 | (18) |
|
Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-) |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Virology, serology, and assays |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
|
153 | (8) |
|
Intra-abdominal pressure measurement |
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
Respiratory support: mechanical ventilation |
|
|
161 | (40) |
|
Physilogy overview: movement of gases I |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
Physiology overview: movement of gases II |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Physiology overview: gas exchange I |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Physiology overview: gas exchange II |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
Physiology overview: carriage of gases and cell processes to produce energy |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
Arterial blood gas analysis |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Respiration: patient assessment I |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Respiration: patient assessment II |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (4) |
|
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
Intermittent positive pressure ventialation: indications |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation: physiological effects |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation: modes of ventilation |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
Pressure-volume relationships |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
|
|
190 | (6) |
|
Improving oxygenation in the ventilated patient |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
Managing hypercapnia in severe pulmonary disease |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
High frequency ventilation |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
Caring for the patient on Intermittent positive pressure ventilation |
|
|
201 | (36) |
|
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
|
|
204 | (2) |
|
Maintaining a patent airway |
|
|
206 | (2) |
|
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
Care of the patient with tracheostomy tube |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
Decannulation of tracheal tubes |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
Care of a patient on intermittent positive pressure ventilation: positioning |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
General care of the patient on a ventilator |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
Weaning the long-term ventilated patient |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
Pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, and bronchopleurat fistulae |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (50) |
|
The cardiovascular system |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
Blood pressure and blood flow |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
Determinants of cardiac performance I |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
Determinants of cardiac performance II |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
Oxygen delivery and consumption |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
|
|
250 | (4) |
|
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
Assessment of the patient with chest pain |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
|
|
262 | (2) |
|
Acute heart failure/cardiogenic shock |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Pericarditis and pericardial tamponade |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
Infective endocarditis (IE) |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis |
|
|
270 | (2) |
|
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
Drugs used in the treatment of low cardiac output and/or hypotension |
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
Drugs used in the treatment of hypertension |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
|
|
280 | (2) |
|
Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
Ongoing management of cardiac arrest |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Management of post-cardiac arrest |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (44) |
|
Neurological observations |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
General principles in the care of neuroscience patients |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Cranial nerve dysfunction |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic storming and agitation |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Sedation, analgesia, and NMBAs |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (3) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) |
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) |
|
|
310 | (4) |
|
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
|
316 | (4) |
|
Infection and inflammation of central nervous system |
|
|
320 | (4) |
|
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
Brainstem testing and organ donation |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
|
|
328 | (3) |
|
|
|
331 | (20) |
|
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
Investigations and diagnosis of acute renal failure |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
Management of acute renal failure (ARF) |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
Renal replacement therapy: basic principles |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
Types of renal replacement therapy |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
Intermittent haemodialysis |
|
|
344 | (2) |
|
Anticoagulation therapy for extracorporeal circuits |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
Specific disorders associated with acute renal failure |
|
|
348 | (3) |
|
Gastrointestinal dysfunction and nutrition |
|
|
351 | (38) |
|
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Overview of physiology II |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
Immune function and the gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
Gastrointestinal dysfunction: diarrhoea |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
Gastrointestinal dysfunction: constipation |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
Gastrointestinal dysfunction: gastric hypomotility and vomiting |
|
|
364 | (2) |
|
Acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
Nutrition: enteral feeding complications |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Nutrition: enteral feeding tube types |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Nutrition: feeds and daily requirements |
|
|
382 | (4) |
|
Parenteral nutrition: care of the patient |
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
SIRS, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction |
|
|
389 | (16) |
|
Introduction and definitions |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
Organ manifestations of SIRS/sepsis I |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
Organ manifestations of SIRS/sepsis II |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
Principles of management of sepsis |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
Early goal-directed resuscitation |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
|
405 | (32) |
|
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
|
|
410 | (4) |
|
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Abdominal and pelvic injuries |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
Intra-abdominal hypertension |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
Complications following trauma |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
The major incident and critical care |
|
|
437 | (8) |
|
Setting up systems for response |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Staff training and preparation |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Serious infectious epidemics |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
|
|
445 | (26) |
|
Blood cells: types, terms, and normal values |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
Blood and blood component products |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
Adverse reactions to blood transfusions |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Hazards of blood transfusions |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Haematological malignancy |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
471 | (16) |
|
Organs and cells of the immune system: an overview |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
The immunocompromised patient |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
Human immunodeficiency virus |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions |
|
|
484 | (3) |
|
|
|
487 | (18) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Hypothyroidism: myxoedema |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Hyperthyroidism: thyrotoxicosis |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
Hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic states |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (10) |
|
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
Massive obstetric haemorrhage |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Cardiac arrest in the pregnant patient |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
The pregnant patient in the critical care unit |
|
|
512 | (3) |
|
|
|
515 | (18) |
|
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
|
|
530 | (3) |
|
Evaluating the effects of critical care |
|
|
533 | (12) |
|
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
Monitoring the impact of critical care |
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
Evaluating cost and outcome in critical care |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Ethical issues in critical care |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Mental capacity and advanced directives |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Follow-up and long-term problems |
|
|
542 | (3) |
| Index |
|
545 | |