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Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures 3rd edition [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 514 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x219 mm, kaal: 950 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Left Coast Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1611322995
  • ISBN-13: 9781611322996
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 514 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x219 mm, kaal: 950 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Left Coast Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1611322995
  • ISBN-13: 9781611322996
"This new edition of the definitive work on doing paleoethnobotany brings the book up to date by incorporating new methods and examples of research, while preserving the overall organization and approach of the book to facilitate its use as a textbook. In addition to updates on the comprehensive discussions of macroremains, pollen, and phytoliths, this edition includes a chapter on starch analysis, the newest tool in the paleoethnobotanist's research kit. Other highlights include updated case studies; expanded discussions of deposition and preservation of archaeobotanical remains; updated historical overviews; new and updated techniques and approaches, including insights from experimental and ethnoarchaeological studies; and a current listing of electronic resources. Extensively illustrated, this will be the standard work on paleoethnobotany for a generation"--

This new edition of the definitive work on doing paleoethnobotany brings the book up to date by incorporating new methods and examples of research, while preserving the overall organization and approach of the book to facilitate its use as a textbook. In addition to updates on the comprehensive discussions of macroremains, pollen, and phytoliths, this edition includes a chapter on starch analysis, the newest tool in the paleoethnobotanist's research kit. Other highlights include updated case studies; expanded discussions of deposition and preservation of archaeobotanical remains; updated historical overviews; new and updated techniques and approaches, including insights from experimental and ethnoarchaeological studies; and a current listing of electronic resources. Extensively illustrated, this will be the standard work on paleoethnobotany for a generation.


This new edition of this definitive work on doing paleoethnobotany brings the book up to date by incorporating new methods and examples of research, and preserves the overall organization and approach of the book to facilitate its use as a textbook.
List of Illustrations 11(8)
Preface to the Third Edition 19(4)
Preface to the Second Edition 23(2)
Preface to the First Edition 25(2)
Chapter 1 The Paleoethnobotanical Approach 27(8)
Introduction
27(1)
Historical Overview
28(3)
Nature and Status of Ethnobotany
31(4)
Chapter 2 Deposition, Preservation, and Recovery of Macroremains 35(62)
Introduction
35(1)
Deposition and Preservation of Macroremains
35(9)
Deposition of Macroremains
35(5)
Preservation of Macroremains
40(4)
In Situ Collection of Macroremains
44(1)
Screening Techniques
44(2)
Water Recovery: Flotation Techniques
46(7)
Terminology
46(2)
Development of Flotation in the New World
48(2)
Development of Flotation in the Old World
50(2)
Machine-Assisted Flotation in North America
52(1)
Building and Operating Flotation Systems: Sample Designs
53(21)
Manual Flotation
53(9)
Machine-Assisted Flotation: Water Separators and SMAP Machines
62(8)
Machine-Assisted Flotation: Froth Flotation
70(4)
Sampling for Macroremains
74(7)
Strategies for Sampling
74(2)
Sampling Techniques
76(5)
Hints for Good Sampling
81(1)
Issues and Directions in Recovery of Macroremains
81(16)
Choosing a Recovery System
81(8)
Problem Soils
89(1)
Chemical Flotation
90(2)
Testing Flotation Recovery Rates
92(1)
Saltwater Flotation
93(4)
Chapter 3 Identification and Interpretation of Macroremains 97(88)
Introduction
97(1)
Initial Processing of Samples
97(11)
Basic Hand-Sorting Procedures
97(8)
Subsampling Large Flotation Samples
105(2)
Alternatives to Hand Sorting
107(1)
Sorting Desiccated and Waterlogged Samples
108(1)
Building a Comparative Collection
108(9)
Plant-Collecting Procedures
109(2)
Pressing and Drying Specimens
111(2)
Identification of Comparative Materials
113(1)
Preparing a Working Laboratory Collection
114(3)
Basic Identification Techniques
117(19)
Seeds
117(4)
Fruits and Nuts
121(1)
Wood
121(7)
Roots and Tubers
128(5)
Fibers, Leaves, and Non-Woody Stems
133(3)
Cultivated Plant Material
136(1)
Specialized Identification Techniques
136(8)
Embedding, Sectioning, and Grinding
137(3)
Electron Microscopy
140(1)
Morphometric Analysis
141(1)
Residue Analyses
141(3)
Presenting and Interpreting Results
144(37)
Approaches to Interpretation
144(2)
Qualitative Presentation
146(1)
Quantitative Analysis
147(20)
Reporting Results
167(3)
Case Study 1: Dung Fuel or the Broad-Spectrum Revolution: Interpreting Seed Data from Ali Kosh and Abu Hureyra
170(5)
2014 Case Study Update
175(2)
Case Study 2: There Is More to Food than Diet: Foodways and Political and Social Change in the Americas
177(4)
Issues and Directions in Macroremain Analysis
181(4)
Interpretation and Macroremain Deposition and Preservation
181(1)
The Meaning of Abundance Measures
181(1)
Proof and Falsification
181(1)
The Roles of Macroremain Analysis in Paleoethnobotany
182(3)
Chapter 4 Pollen Analysis 185(68)
Introduction
185(1)
Nature and Production of Pollen
186(5)
Pollen Development
186(1)
Pollen Grain Structure
186(4)
Pollen Dispersal Mechanisms
190(1)
History of Pollen Analysis
191(3)
Pollen Deposition and Preservation
194(10)
Pollen Deposition
194(7)
Pollen Preservation
201(3)
Field Sampling
204(9)
Sampling Strategies
204(3)
Taking Soil and Sediment Samples
207(6)
Sampling Modem Vegetation
213(1)
Laboratory Analysis
213(13)
Sampling a Core
214(1)
Soil Extraction Techniques
214(4)
Processing Coprolites
218(2)
Processing Floral Specimens
220(1)
Mounting Slides
220(1)
Counting and Identifying Pollen
221(5)
Presenting and Interpreting Results
226(23)
Presenting Data
226(4)
Interpreting Sedimentary Data
230(17)
Case Study: Identifying Human Influences on Vegetation, An Example from the Pacific
241(6)
Interpreting Archaeological Pollen Data
247(2)
Issues and Directions in Archaeological Pollen Analysis
249(4)
Preservation
249(1)
Context and Sampling Issues
249(1)
Methodological Concerns
250(1)
The Roles of Pollen Analysis in Archaeology and Paleoethnobotany
251(2)
Chapter 5 Phytolith Analysis 253(88)
Introduction
253(1)
Nature and Occurrence of Phytoliths
254(10)
Phytolith Formation
254(1)
Occurrence and Characteristics of Phytoliths
254(10)
Phytoliths and Archaeology: A Brief History
264(3)
Phytolith Deposition and Preservation
267(8)
Phytolith Deposition
267(6)
Phytolith Preservation
273(2)
Field Sampling
275(5)
Sampling Soil and Sediments
275(4)
Sampling Vegetation
279(1)
Laboratory Analysis
280(34)
Phytolith Laboratory
280(2)
Processing Procedures for Soil and Sediment
282(12)
Processing Comparative Plant Material
294(4)
Scanning, Counting, and Identifying Phytoliths
298(16)
Presenting and Interpreting Results
314(23)
Presenting Results
315(3)
Interpreting Phytolith Data
318(19)
Case Study 1: How Common Was Maize at Real Alto?
326(7)
Case Study 2: Early Agriculture and Vegetation Modification in the Bang PakongValley, Thailand
333(4)
Issues and Directions in Phytolith Analysis
337(4)
Phytolith Production Patterns
339(1)
Development of Standard Procedures
339(1)
Understanding Phytolith Deposition and Preservation
340(1)
The Roles of Phytolith Analysis in Archaeology and Paleoethnobotany
340(1)
Chapter 6 Starch Analysis 341(44)
Introduction
341(1)
Nature and Production of Starch
341(2)
History of Starch Analysis
343(3)
Starch Deposition and Preservation
346(10)
Deposition of Starch
346(5)
Preservation of Starch
351(5)
Field Sampling
356(3)
Sediment Sampling
356(2)
Collecting Artifacts for Starch Analysis
358(1)
Laboratory Analysis
359(16)
Sampling Artifacts for Starch
359(4)
Extracting Starch from Residues and Sediments
363(5)
Sampling Comparative Plant Material
368(1)
Mounting Slides
368(2)
Counting and Identifying Starch
370(5)
Presenting and Interpreting Results
375(7)
Presentation of Results
375(3)
Interpreting Starch Data
378(4)
Case Study: Starch analysis (and other paleoethnobotanical data) provides insights into human evolution and the emergence of modern behaviors
379(3)
Issues and Directions in Archaeological Starch Analysis
382(3)
Understanding Modes of Starch Preservation and Modification
382(1)
Recovering Starch from Sediments and Residues
383(1)
Quantification
383(1)
Comparative Studies
383(1)
The Roles of Starch Research in Archaeology and Paleoethnobotany
384(1)
Chapter 7 Integrating Biological Data 385(50)
Part I: Indicators of Diet and Health
385(33)
Introduction
385(1)
Indirect Dietary Indicators
386(12)
Botanical Data
387(3)
Faunal Data
390(8)
Direct Indicators
398(20)
Gut Contents and Coprolites
398(1)
Stable Isotopes
399(6)
Trace Elements
405(6)
Skeletal Indicators of Nutrition and Health
411(7)
Part II: The Interplay of Dietary Indicators
418(17)
Predictions from Dietary Indicators
418(3)
Indirect Indicators: Botanical and Faunal Data
418(1)
Coprolite Data
419(1)
Isotopes
419(1)
Trace Elements
419(1)
Nonspecific Indicators of Stress
420(1)
Combined Indicators for Eight Neotropical Diets
421(7)
Diets 1 and 2
421(1)
Diets 3 and 4
422(2)
Diets 5-8
424(4)
From Model to Reality: Two Archaeological Case Studies
428(7)
Coastal Ecuador: Formative Period Diet
428(4)
Paloma, Peru Case
432(3)
References 435(72)
Index 507(6)
About the Author 513
Deborah M. Pearsall , Professor Emerita, University of Missouri, USA Department of Anthropology. Recently retired from MU after 35 years, Debby Pearsall holds a BA from the University of Michigan and MA and PhD from the University of Illinois, all degrees in anthropology. Her interests within this discipline center on South American archaeology and paleoethnobotany--the study of people-plant interrelationships through the archaeological record. She has conducted paleoethnobotanical research in numerous locations in the Americas. Her research has two broad themes: the origins and spread of agriculture in the lowland Neotropics, and methods and approaches in paleoethnobotany. She is the author of three books, Paleoethnobotany. A Handbook of Procedures ; Plants and People in Ancient Ecuador: The Ethnobotany of the Jama River Valley; and Piperno and Pearsall , The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics , and was the general editor of Academic Press's 2008 Encyclopedia of Archaeology . She has published in numerous professional journals and edited books.