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Patch Testing and Prick Testing: A Practical Guide Official Publication of the ICDRG Fourth Edition 2020 [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 246 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 672 g, 93 Illustrations, color; 5 Illustrations, black and white; XXII, 246 p. 98 illus., 93 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 303027098X
  • ISBN-13: 9783030270988
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Patch Testing and Prick Testing: A Practical Guide Official Publication of the ICDRG Fourth Edition 2020Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 246 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 672 g, 93 Illustrations, color; 5 Illustrations, black and white; XXII, 246 p. 98 illus., 93 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 303027098X
  • ISBN-13: 9783030270988
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783030270988.html
The fourth edition of this important book, which includes additional color illustrations, has been extensively revised, updated, and expanded to reflect the most recent developments. These include advances in patch testing methodology, in particular the new chambers that are appearing on the market, revision of the baseline series of patch tests to reflect the latest evidence-based work, and additional testing procedures. Other additions include sections on key allergens and concentrations, with the result is a superb guide to the current management of positive and negative patch test and prick test reactions that will be invaluable for all practicing dermatologists, from the beginner to the well-trained expert.

The fourth edition continues the tradition of partnering with the ICDRG (International Contact Dermatitis Research Group). The ICDRG was formed in 1966 to promote the understanding of contact dermatitis. It has had major roles in the standardization of patch testing and the facilitation of regular scientific meetings, for over forty years and thirty five years respectively. It has also been involved in the authorship of a number of publications on contact dermatitis. Both Drs. Maibach and Lachapelle are members and the ICDRG is now comprised of representatives from all over the world, and currently includes members from Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, USA, Germany, Singapore, Korea, India, Japan, Canada, Uruguay and Australia.


From the reviews of the previous editions:
"The aim is to balance brevity and clarity with sufficient details for beginners in the field of diagnostic patch and prick testing. … the book also will be of use to dermatology residents or anyone wishing to gain better knowledge of contact dermatitis. … There are many high-quality photographs and useful algorithms and tables. … It is clearly and concisely written and will serve as an indispensable guide for any dermatologist interested in contact dermatitis." (Renata H. Mullen, Doody’s Review Service, August, 2009)



This third edition of the essential guide has been extensively revised and updated and includes additional color illustrations. It reflects the rapid expansion in knowledge of the subject due to progress in the chemical, immunological, and clinical fields.

Part I Patch Testing
1 Pathophysiology of Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis
3(8)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Pathophysiology of Irritant and Allergic Skin Inflammation
4(2)
1.2.1 Irritant and/or Allergic Chemicals
5(1)
1.2.2 Skin Irritation: Activation of Innate Immunity
5(1)
1.3 Skin Allergy: The Role of Specific Immunity
6(1)
1.3.1 Antigen-Specific Immunity
6(1)
1.3.2 Skin Allergy: Mechanisms of Action
7(1)
1.3.3 Indirect Responsibility of Chemicals in Skin Irritation
7(1)
1.4 Pathophysiology of Skin Inflammation: The Connection Between Innate and Acquired Immunity
7(4)
References
9(2)
2 Diseases for Which Patch Testing Is Recommended: Patients Who Should Be Investigated
11(28)
2.1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis
11(3)
2.1.1 Clinical Signs and Symptoms
11(2)
2.1.2 Histopathological Features
13(1)
2.2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis Syndrome
14(11)
2.2.1 Stage 1 of ACDS
16(2)
2.2.2 Stage 2 of ACDS
18(3)
2.2.3 Stage 3 of ACDS
21(4)
2.3 Allergic Contact Dermatitis Versus Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Criteria for Differential Diagnosis
25(1)
2.4 Other Skin Diseases in Which Patch Testing Is of Major Interest
25(2)
2.5 Algorithmic Approach: Key Role of Patch Testing
27(1)
2.6 Hand Dermatitis: Definition and Procedures Applied in Differential Diagnosis
28(11)
2.6.1 Hand Dermatitis: Exogenous and Endogenous Factors
28(1)
2.6.2 A Classification of Hand Dermatitis
29(4)
2.6.3 Tools of Investigation
33(1)
2.6.4 Hand Dermatitis: Some Examples of an Algorithmic Approach
34(1)
2.6.5 Hand Eczema: A Controversial Issue
34(2)
References
36(3)
3 Patch Testing Methodology
39(46)
3.1 Historical Background
39(1)
3.2 Definition and Aims
40(1)
3.2.1 Requirements for an Ideal Patch Testing Procedure
40(1)
3.2.2 Is Patch Testing the "Gold Standard" to Investigate Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis?
41(1)
3.3 Patch Test Units
41(10)
3.3.1 Nonchamber Patch Tests
41(1)
3.3.2 Chamber Patch Tests
42(3)
3.3.3 Plastic Square Chambers
45(6)
3.3.4 Reinforcement of Patch Test Units
51(1)
3.4 A General Overview of Allergens
51(4)
3.4.1 Allergens
51(1)
3.4.2 Bioavailability of Allergens
52(1)
3.4.3 Quality Control of Allergens
53(1)
3.4.4 Appropriate Amounts of Petrolatum to Be Applied at Patch Testing
53(1)
3.4.5 Appropriate Amounts of Liquids to Be Applied at Patch Testing
54(1)
3.5 Specific Recommendations When Considering Patch Testing Patients
55(2)
3.5.1 Patch Testing on Intact Skin Is Critical
55(1)
3.5.2 Medicaments and Patch Testing
55(2)
3.5.3 Pregnancy and Patch Testing
57(1)
3.5.4 Patch Testing in Children
57(1)
3.6 Application of Patch Tests on the Skin: Some Practical Suggestions
57(2)
3.6.1 Test Sites
58(1)
3.6.2 Removal of Hair
58(1)
3.6.3 Degreasing of Test Site
58(1)
3.6.4 Application of Test Strips
58(1)
3.6.5 Instructions to Patients
58(1)
3.7 Reading Time
59(4)
3.7.1 Standard Patch Test Occlusion and Reading Time
59(1)
3.7.2 Conventional Patch Test Reading Time
59(1)
3.7.3 Reading at Day 2, Day 3, and Day 4
60(1)
3.7.4 Reading at Day 7
60(1)
3.7.5 Single Reading Versus Multiple Reading
60(1)
3.7.6 Day 3 Versus Day 4 Reading
60(1)
3.7.7 One-Day Occlusion Versus Two-Day Occlusion
61(1)
3.7.8 Marking the Skin
61(1)
3.7.9 Positive Control
62(1)
3.7.10 Immediate Urticarial Reactions to Some Allergens
62(1)
3.8 Reading and Scoring Patch Test Results
63(5)
3.8.1 Scoring Codes According to the ICDRG
63(1)
3.8.2 Proposal for Modified Scoring Codes of Positive Patch Test Reactions, According to ESCD and EECDRG
63(2)
3.8.3 Rating Patch Test Reactions Based on Digital Images
65(1)
3.8.4 Bioengineering Methods for Evaluating Skin Irritation and Allergic Reactions: A Comparison with Visual Scoring
65(1)
3.8.5 Remarks About Reading and Scoring Patch Test Results
66(2)
3.9 Irritant Patch Test Reactions
68(2)
3.10 False-Positive Patch Test Reactions
70(1)
3.11 False-Negative Patch Test Reactions
71(1)
3.12 Compound Allergy
71(1)
3.13 Cross-Sensitization, Concomitant Sensitization, and Polysensitization
72(2)
3.13.1 Cross-Sensitization
72(1)
3.13.2 Concomitant Sensitization
73(1)
3.13.3 Polysensitization
73(1)
3.14 Unwanted Adverse Reactions of Patch Testing
74(2)
3.14.1 Patch Test Sensitization ("Active Sensitization")
75(1)
3.14.2 Excited Skin Syndrome ("Angry Back")
75(1)
3.15 Patch Test Readings in Different Ethnic Populations
76(3)
3.15.1 Patch Test Reading in Oriental Populations
76(2)
3.15.2 Patch Test Reading in Black Populations
78(1)
3.16 Patch Testing Techniques in Different Climatic Environments
79(2)
3.16.1 Temperate Climates
79(1)
3.16.2 Tropical Climates
80(1)
3.16.3 Patch Testing Procedures in the Tropics
80(1)
3.17 Is Self-assessment of Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Patients Recommendable?
81(4)
3.17.1 Self-assessment by Questionnaires
81(1)
3.17.2 Self-readings of Patch Tests by Patients
81(1)
References
81(4)
4 Baseline Series of Patch Tests
85(20)
4.1 Historical Background
85(1)
4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Baseline Series of Patch Tests
86(1)
4.2.1 Advantages
86(1)
4.2.2 Disadvantages
86(1)
4.3 The Different Baseline Series of Patch Tests
86(7)
4.3.1 ICDRG-Revised International Minimal Baseline Series of Patch Tests
87(1)
4.3.2 The Updated 2019 Baseline Series (Table 4.2) of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
87(2)
4.3.3 The Updated 2019 European Baseline Series (Tables 4.3 and 4.4) on Behalf of the ESCD and the EECDRG [ 8]
89(1)
4.3.4 The Updated 2019 North American Baseline Series (Table 4.5) on Behalf of the NACDG (Sasseville D, personal communication, 2019)
89(4)
4.3.5 The Updated 2019 Japanese Baseline Series (Table 4.6) on Behalf of the JCDS (Matsunaga K, personal communication, 2019)
93(1)
4.4 "Mixes" of Baseline Series
93(2)
4.5 Concise Information About Allergens Included in the Updated 2011 Minimal Baseline Series of the ICDRG
95(5)
4.6 Concise Information on Other Common Allergens Included in the Updated 2011 Minimal Baseline Series of the ICDRG
100(1)
4.7 Additional Series of Patch Tests
101(1)
4.8 The Preservative Methylisothiazolinone: The New Star of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
101(4)
References
102(3)
5 Photopatch Testing
105(10)
5.1 Definition and Aims
105(1)
5.2 Photoallergy Contact Dermatitis
106(2)
5.3 Photoallergy Contact Dermatitis Versus Airborne Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Criteria for Differential Diagnosis
108(1)
5.4 Photoallergy Drug Eruptions
109(1)
5.5 Photopatch Testing Methodology
109(2)
5.6 Light Sources
111(1)
5.7 Proposal for a Photopatch Test Series
111(4)
References
112(3)
6 The T.R.U.E. Test® Methodology
115(10)
6.1 Introduction
115(1)
6.2 The T.R.U.E. Test® Methodology
115(1)
6.3 More Practical Information About the Technology of The T.R.U.E. Test®
116(1)
6.4 Regulatory Information
116(2)
6.5 Standard The T.R.U.E. Test® Series
118(3)
6.6 New Additions
121(1)
6.7 Methodology of Use
121(1)
6.8 Additional Information
122(1)
6.9 Note
122(3)
References
122(3)
7 Additional Testing Procedures and Spot Tests
125(20)
7.1 Strip Patch Test
125(1)
7.2 Open Test
126(1)
7.3 Semi-open (or Semi-occlusive) Tests
127(1)
7.4 Repeated Open Application Test
127(4)
7.5 Testing Procedures with Unknown Substances
131(4)
7.5.1 Strategy
131(1)
7.5.2 Steps Required Prior to Any Testing Procedure
131(1)
7.5.3 Testing Procedures with Solid Products and Extracts
132(2)
7.5.4 The Use of Ultrasonic Bath Extracts in the Search of the Culprit(s) Allergen(s) Present in Solid Products
134(1)
7.5.5 Testing Procedures with Cosmetics and Other Related Products
135(1)
7.6 Oral Provocation Test (Oral Challenge)
135(1)
7.7 Other Investigations
136(5)
7.7.1 pH Measurement
136(1)
7.7.2 Spot Tests
136(5)
7.7.3 Chemical Analysis
141(1)
7.8 Additional Remarks About Chemistry and Immunology in Relationship with Allergic Contact Dermatitis
141(4)
References
141(4)
8 Clinical Relevance of Patch Test Reactions
145(8)
8.1 Introduction
145(1)
8.2 General Principles
145(1)
8.3 Past and Current Relevance
146(1)
8.4 Scoring System
146(1)
8.5 Strategies
147(4)
8.5.1 Clinical History
148(1)
8.5.2 Environmental Evaluation
149(1)
8.5.3 Further Correlations
150(1)
8.5.4 Additional Investigations
150(1)
8.6 Suggestions for Improved Evidence-Based Diagnosis of Relevance
151(1)
8.7 Additional Remark
152(1)
References
152(1)
9 Atopic Dermatitis, Irritant Contact Dermatitis, and Allergic Contact Dermatitis
153(10)
9.1 Preliminary Remarks
153(1)
9.2 Etiopathogenic Advances
153(1)
9.3 Disruption of the Skin Barrier
154(1)
9.4 Increased Disruption of the Skin Barrier in AD
154(1)
9.5 Hand Eczema
155(1)
9.6 Other Skin Typical Locations of Lesions in AD
156(2)
9.7 Guidelines for the Practice of Patch Testing
158(5)
References
158(5)
Part II Prick Testing
10 Spectrum of Diseases for Which Prick Testing and Open (Non-prick) Testing Are Recommended: Patients Who Should Be Investigated
163(14)
10.1 Contact Urticaria Syndrome
163(8)
10.1.1 Clinical Symptoms and Stages of CUS
164(1)
10.1.2 Etiology and Mechanisms of CUS
164(6)
10.1.3 Contact Urticaria to Natural Rubber Latex
170(1)
10.2 Protein Contact Dermatitis
171(6)
References
174(3)
11 Methodology of Open (Non-prick) Testing, Prick Testing, and Its Variants
177(18)
11.1 Introductory Remarks
177(1)
11.2 Open (Non-prick) Testing
177(2)
11.3 Prick Test: Technical Modalities and Reading
179(4)
11.3.1 Technique of Puncture
179(1)
11.3.2 Control Solutions
180(1)
11.3.3 Reading Time
181(1)
11.3.4 Reading Prick Test Results
181(1)
11.3.5 Medicaments and Prick Testing
182(1)
11.3.6 False-Negative Reactions
182(1)
11.3.7 False-Positive Reactions
182(1)
11.3.8 Prick Tests in Children and Babies
183(1)
11.4 Prick-by-Prick Test
183(1)
11.5 Scratch Test
183(1)
11.6 Scratch-Chamber Test
183(1)
11.7 Comparative Indications of Open (Non-prick) Testing, Prick Testing, and Other Related Tests
184(1)
11.8 Intradermal Testing for Type 1 Hypersensitivity
185(1)
11.9 Prick Testing: Allergens of Interest for Skin Problems
185(10)
11.9.1 Latex
185(1)
11.9.2 Airborne Environmental per Annum Allergens
186(1)
11.9.3 Airborne Environmental Seasonal Allergens
186(1)
11.9.4 Food Allergens (Trophallergens)
187(2)
11.9.5 Occupational Allergens
189(1)
11.9.6 Fungi
189(1)
11.9.7 Miscellaneous (Immunological and/or Non-immunological) Urticariogens
190(1)
References
190(5)
Part III Testing in Cutaneous Systemic Immune-Related Adverse Drug Reactions: Interest and Limitations
12 Testing Procedures in Cutaneous Systemic Immune-Related Adverse Drug Reactions
195(16)
12.1 General Considerations
195(2)
12.2 Proposal of a Classification of CADR
197(3)
12.3 Tools of Investigation in CADR
200(1)
12.4 Histopathological Limitations in Diagnosis of a CADR
200(2)
12.5 Patch Testing in CADR
202(5)
12.5.1 Spectrum of CADRs for Which Patch Testing Is Recommended
202(1)
12.5.2 Spectrum of CADRs for Which Patch Testing Can Be Performed (Being Still Controversial)
203(1)
12.5.3 Spectrum of CADRs for Which Patch Testing Is of No Interest
203(1)
12.5.4 Guidelines in Drug Patch Testing: General Rules
204(1)
12.5.5 Technical Aspects of Drug Patch Testing
204(1)
12.5.6 Readings of Drug Patch Tests
205(1)
12.5.7 False-Negative Patch Test Reactions
205(1)
12.5.8 False-Positive Patch Test Reactions
206(1)
12.6 Prick Testing in CADR
207(1)
12.7 Intradermal Testing in CADR
207(1)
12.8 Oral Provocation Test (Oral Challenge) in CADR
207(4)
References
208(3)
Appendices 211(30)
Index 241
Jean-Marie Lachapelle is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Dermatology at Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium. He is one of the foremost experts in patch testing and contact dermatitis.

Howard Maibach, MD is an expert in contact and occupational dermatitis and sees patient at the Environmental Dermatosis Clinic, which is part of the Dermatology Clinic. His specialty is dermatotoxicology, or skin exposure toxicity; allergies and skin disorders; and dermatopharmacology or the study of medications for skin disorders. Dr. Maibach has been on the editorial board of more than 30 scientific journals and is a member of 19 professional societies, including the American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco Dermatological Society and the Internal Commission on Occupation Health. He is a professor in the Department of Dermatology at UCSF.