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PART 1 Alterations in Homeostasis |
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UNIT 1 Pathophysiologic Processes |
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Introduction to Pathophysiology |
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2 | (12) |
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Framework for Pathophysiology |
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3 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Concepts of Normality in Health and Disease |
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5 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Value |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (6) |
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Factors Affecting Patterns of Disease |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (3) |
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Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors |
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14 | (16) |
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Homeostasis and Allostasis |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (4) |
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General Adaptation Syndrome and Allostasis |
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17 | (2) |
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Stressors and Risk Factors |
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19 | (1) |
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Neurohormonal Mediators of Stress and Adaptation |
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20 | (3) |
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Catecholamines: Norepinephrine and Epinephrine |
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20 | (1) |
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Adrenocortical Steroids: Cortisol and Aldosterone |
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20 | (2) |
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Endorphins and Enkephalins and Immune Cytokines |
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22 | (1) |
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Sex Hormones: Estrogen, Testosterone, and DHEA |
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22 | (1) |
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Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Oxytocin |
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22 | (1) |
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Adaptation, Coping, and Illness |
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23 | (7) |
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23 | (1) |
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Allostatic Overload and Illness |
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24 | (6) |
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PART 2 Alterations in Cellular Function, Genetics, and Development |
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UNIT II Cellular Function |
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Cell Structure and Function |
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30 | (35) |
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32 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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Organization of Cellular Compartments |
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34 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Lysosomes and Peroxisomes |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (6) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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42 | (2) |
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Functions of the Plasma Membrane |
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44 | (8) |
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Membrane Transport of Macromolecules |
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44 | (2) |
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Membrane Transport of Small Molecules |
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46 | (4) |
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Cellular Membrane Potentials |
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50 | (2) |
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Intercellular Communication and Growth |
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52 | (13) |
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Cell Signaling Strategies |
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52 | (3) |
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Cell Surface Receptor-Mediated Responses |
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55 | (4) |
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Intracellular Receptor-Mediated Responses |
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59 | (1) |
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Regulation of Cellular Growth and Proliferation |
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60 | (5) |
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Cell Injury, Aging, and Death |
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65 | (20) |
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66 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
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Intracellular Accumulations |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (4) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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Etiology of Cellular Injury |
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74 | (7) |
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Ischemia and Hypoxic Injury |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Infectious and Immunologic Injury |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Physical and Mechanical Injury |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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Physiologic Changes of Aging |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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Molecular Genetics and Tissue Differentiation |
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85 | (18) |
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86 | (6) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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Regulation of Gene Expression |
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92 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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Differentiation of Tissues |
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94 | (9) |
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Cell Diversification and Cell Memory |
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94 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Development |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (7) |
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Genetic and Developmental Disorders |
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103 | (25) |
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Principles of Inheritance |
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104 | (5) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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109 | (4) |
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Aberrant Number of Chromosomes |
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109 | (1) |
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Abnormal Chromosome Structure |
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110 | (1) |
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Examples of Autosomal Chromosome Disorders |
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110 | (1) |
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Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) |
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110 | (2) |
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Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) and Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Examples of Sex Chromosome Disorders |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Multiple X Females and Double Y Males |
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112 | (1) |
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Mendelian Single-gene Disorders |
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113 | (5) |
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Autosomal Dominant Disorders |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Autosomal Recessive Disorders |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Sex-Linked (X-Linked) Disorders |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Nonmendelian Single-gene Disorders |
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118 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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Mitochondrial Gene Mutations |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Multifactorial (Polygenic) Disorders |
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120 | (2) |
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Environmentally Induced Congenital Disorders |
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122 | (2) |
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Periods of Fetal Vulnerability |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Other Disorders of Infancy |
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124 | (1) |
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Diagnosis, Counseling, and Gene Therapy |
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124 | (4) |
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Counseling |
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125 | (1) |
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Genetic Analysis and Therapy |
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125 | (1) |
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Recombinant DNA Technology |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (32) |
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Benign Versus Malignant Growth |
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129 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Tumors |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Epidemiology and Cancer Risk Factors |
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130 | (6) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (3) |
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Genetic Mechanisms of Cancer |
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136 | (7) |
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136 | (4) |
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140 | (3) |
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Multistep Nature of Carcinogenesis |
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143 | (4) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Grading and Staging of Tumors |
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148 | (1) |
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Effects of Cancer on the Body |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (7) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Gene and Molecular Therapy |
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155 | (1) |
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Stem Cell Transplantation |
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155 | (5) |
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PART 3 Alterations in Immune and Inflammatory Response |
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160 | (21) |
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161 | (5) |
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Transmission of Infection |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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Host-parasite Relationship |
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166 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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Microorganism Characteristics |
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166 | (2) |
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Types of Pathogenic Organisms |
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168 | (13) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (5) |
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Inflammation and Immunity |
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181 | (41) |
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Components of the Immune System |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Mononuclear Phagocyte System |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (3) |
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183 | (2) |
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (7) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Monocytes and Macrophages |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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Chemical Mediators of Immune Function |
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193 | (4) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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Innate Defenses and Inflammation |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (4) |
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Increased Vascular Permeability |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Systemic Manifestations of Inflammation |
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202 | (1) |
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Specific Adaptive Immunity |
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203 | (1) |
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Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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203 | (1) |
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Antigen Presentation by MHC |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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MHC Class II Presentation |
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205 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Cell-mediated Immunity |
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205 | (5) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (3) |
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Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity |
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210 | (5) |
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Antigen Recognition by B Cells |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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Class Switching and Affinity Maturation |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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Passive and Active Immunity |
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215 | (3) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (3) |
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Integrated Function and Regulation of the Immune System |
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218 | (1) |
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Integrated Response to New Antigen |
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218 | (1) |
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Regulation of Immune Function |
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219 | (3) |
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Alterations in Immune Function |
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222 | (20) |
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Excessive Immune Responses |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (3) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (10) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn |
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230 | (1) |
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Myasthenia Gravis and Graves Disease |
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231 | (1) |
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Hyperacute Graft Rejection |
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231 | (1) |
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Type III Hypersensitivity |
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231 | (2) |
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Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis |
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233 | (1) |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivity |
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235 | (1) |
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Granulomatous Hypersensitivity |
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236 | (1) |
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Deficient Immune Responses |
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236 | (1) |
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Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders |
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237 | (3) |
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B-Cell and T-Cell Combined Disorders |
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237 | (1) |
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Chronic Mucocutaneious Candidiasis |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Bruton X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia |
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239 | (1) |
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Transient hypogammaglobulinemia |
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239 | (1) |
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Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders |
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240 | (2) |
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Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells |
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242 | (21) |
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Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms |
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243 | (2) |
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Etiology of Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms |
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245 | (1) |
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General Principles of Management |
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246 | (3) |
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Diagnosis of Hematologic Neoplasms |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Prevention and Management of Complications |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (14) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia |
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251 | (1) |
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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B-Cell, T-Cell, and NK-Cell Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin) |
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257 | (6) |
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263 | (27) |
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264 | (4) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Prevention of Transmission |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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HIV Binding and Infection |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (5) |
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Effect of HIV on Immune Cells at the Cellular Level |
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271 | (1) |
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Viral Production and Cell Death |
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271 | (2) |
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Progression of HIV Infection from Seroconversion to AIDS |
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273 | (2) |
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CDC HIV Classification System |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Monitoring the Progression of HIV |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (6) |
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278 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Manifestations |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Mucocutaneous Manifestations |
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280 | (2) |
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Gynecologic Manifestations |
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282 | (1) |
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Neurologic Manifestations |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Manifestations in Other Systems |
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283 | (1) |
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Manifestations in Children |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (6) |
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Antiretroviral Therapy Recommendations |
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284 | (1) |
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
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285 | (1) |
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Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Other Treatments and Vaccines |
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286 | (4) |
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PART 4 Alterations in Respiration and Tissue Oxygenation |
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UNIT IV Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure |
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Alterations in Oxygen Transport |
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290 | (40) |
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291 | (5) |
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Organic and Inorganic Components |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (5) |
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Structure and Function of Red Blood Cells |
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296 | (6) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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Nutritional Requirements for Erythropoiesis |
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298 | (1) |
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Energy and Maintenance of Erythrocytes |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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Gas Transport and Acid-base Balance |
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302 | (5) |
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302 | (3) |
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305 | (1) |
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Alterations in Oxygen Transport |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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General Effects of Anemia |
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308 | (2) |
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Anemia Related to Decreased Red Cell Production |
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310 | (3) |
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310 | (1) |
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Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure |
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310 | (1) |
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Anemia Related to Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) or Folate Deficiency |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Anemia Related to Inherited Disorders of the Red Cell |
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313 | (5) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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317 | (1) |
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Anemia Related to Extrinsic Red Cell Destruction or Loss |
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318 | (2) |
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn |
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318 | (1) |
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Antibody-Mediated Drug Reactions |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Other Extrinsic Abnormalities |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (9) |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (4) |
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Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation |
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330 | (17) |
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The Process of Hemostasis |
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331 | (4) |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Blood Coagulation Factors |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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Evaluation of Hemostasis and Coagulation |
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335 | (3) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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Vascular and Platelet Disorders |
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338 | (3) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Qualitative Platelet Disorders |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (6) |
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|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Acquired Vitamin K Deficiency |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Blood Flow |
|
|
347 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
Organization of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems |
|
|
348 | (5) |
|
|
|
348 | (4) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
Hemodynamics of the Circulatory System |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Control of Lymphatic Flow |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
General Mechanisms that Cause Altered Flow |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
Blood Vessels: Obstructions |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Blood Vessels: Structural Alterations |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Arterial Flow |
|
|
362 | (7) |
|
Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis |
|
|
362 | (5) |
|
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Venous Flow |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Chronic Venous Insufficiency |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Lymphatic Flow |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
Alterations in Blood Pressure |
|
|
374 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
Determinants of Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Measurement of Blood Pressure |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
Short-term Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Long-term Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Normal Fluctuations in Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (8) |
|
Definition and Classification |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (5) |
|
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgency |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
396 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (3) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Events |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
Anatomy of the Coronary Vessels |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (5) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Structure of the Contractile Apparatus |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Contractile Filaments |
|
|
406 | (4) |
|
Molecular Basis of Contraction |
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Sliding Filament/Cross-Bridge Theory of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Role of Calcium in Muscle Contraction |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Energy of Muscle Relaxation |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Energy Metabolism |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Electrophysiology |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
Cardiac Resting Potential |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Rhythmicity of Myocardial Cells |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Specialized Conduction System of the Heart |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Regulation of Rhythmicity |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Determinants of Cardiac Output |
|
|
419 | (3) |
|
Determinants of Heart Rate |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Determinants of Stroke Volume |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Endocrine Function of the Heart |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Tests of Cardiac Function |
|
|
422 | (6) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Angiography |
|
|
425 | (3) |
|
Alterations in Cardiac Function |
|
|
428 | (33) |
|
|
|
|
|
429 | (12) |
|
Etiology of Coronary Heart Disease |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Coronary Atherosclerosis |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
Pathophysiology of Ischemia |
|
|
432 | (3) |
|
Clinical Features and Management of Coronary Syndromes |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (4) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Endocardial and Valvular Diseases |
|
|
441 | (7) |
|
Disorders of the Mitral Valve |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Aortic Valve |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Diseases of the Endocardium |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (3) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Congenital Heart Diseases |
|
|
453 | (8) |
|
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Etiology and Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Acyanotic Congenital Defects |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Ventricular Septal Defect |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Stenosis or Atresia |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Aortic Stenosis or Atresia |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Cyanotic Congenital Defects |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Transposition of the Great Arteries |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases |
|
|
461 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
462 | (12) |
|
Etiology and Pathogenesis |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
Compensatory Mechanisms and Remodeling |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
Class and Stage of Heart Failure |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
|
|
474 | (14) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Abnormal Rates of Sinus Rhythm |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Site of Impulse Initiation |
|
|
478 | (3) |
|
Conduction Pathway Disturbances |
|
|
481 | (5) |
|
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
|
488 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
489 | (5) |
|
Impaired Tissue Oxygenation |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
Compensatory Mechanisms and Stages of Shock |
|
|
491 | (3) |
|
|
|
494 | (9) |
|
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (4) |
|
Assessment and Hemodynamic Monitoring |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (6) |
|
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome |
|
|
505 | (5) |
|
UNIT VI Respiratory Function |
|
|
|
Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange |
|
|
510 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
511 | (8) |
|
Development of the Pulmonary System |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
|
|
514 | (3) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (6) |
|
Lung Volumes and Capacities |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Alveolar Ventilation/Oxygenation |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Ventilation |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Neurologic Control of Ventilation |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Blood Flow |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Diffusion and Transport of Respiratory Gases |
|
|
526 | (3) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Pulmonary Function |
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
Hypoventilation and Hyperventilation |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Acute Respiratory Failure |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Pulmonary Vasculature |
|
|
532 | (3) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
|
|
535 | (3) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders |
|
|
538 | (25) |
|
|
|
Obstruction From Conditions in the Wall of the Lumen |
|
|
539 | (11) |
|
|
|
539 | (6) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (4) |
|
Obstruction Related to Loss of Lung Parenchyma |
|
|
550 | (4) |
|
|
|
550 | (4) |
|
Obstruction of the Airway Lumen |
|
|
554 | (5) |
|
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Acute Tracheobronchial Obstruction |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (4) |
|
Pulmonary Function Testing |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Bronchial Provocation Tests |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders |
|
|
563 | (29) |
|
|
|
Lung Parenchyma Disorders |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases |
|
|
564 | (6) |
|
Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Occupational Lung Diseases |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
|
|
570 | (4) |
|
Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
574 | (4) |
|
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
Neuromuscular, Chest Wall, and Obesity Disorders |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (4) |
|
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Infection or Inflammation of the Lung |
|
|
582 | (10) |
|
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (7) |
|
PART 5 Alterations in Fluid Balance, Excretion, and Reproduction |
|
|
|
UNIT VII Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis |
|
|
|
Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances |
|
|
592 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
593 | (3) |
|
Fluid Intake and Absorption |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Fluid Loss Through Abnormal Routes |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (7) |
|
Extracellular Fluid Volume |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Both Volume and Concentration |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Interstitial Fluid Volume |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Principles of Electrolyte Homeostasis |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Electrolyte Intake and Absorption |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Electrolyte Loss Through Abnormal Routes |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (11) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (6) |
|
Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances |
|
|
615 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
616 | (2) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (6) |
|
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Mixed Acid-Base Imbalances |
|
|
624 | (6) |
|
UNIT VIII Renal and Bladder Function |
|
|
|
|
|
630 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
631 | (3) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Renal Lymphatics and Innervation |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Overview of Nephron Structure and Function |
|
|
634 | (7) |
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
|
638 | (2) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Glomerular Filtration |
|
|
641 | (3) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Filtration Pressure |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
Tubuloglomerular Feedback |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
Effects of Glucose and Amino Acids |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Transport Across Renal Tubules |
|
|
644 | (3) |
|
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Blood Volume and Osmolality |
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, Natriuretic Peptides, Urodilatin, Uroguanylin, and Guanylin |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Age-related Changes in Renal Function |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Tests of Renal Structure and Function |
|
|
651 | (6) |
|
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
|
|
653 | (4) |
|
|
|
657 | (24) |
|
|
|
Common Manifestations of Kidney Disease |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Urinalysis Findings |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
Renal Agenesis and Hypoplasia |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease |
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
|
|
663 | (3) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (4) |
|
Renal Calculi (Nephrolithiasis) |
|
|
669 | (4) |
|
Glomerular Disorders (Glomerulopathies) |
|
|
673 | (8) |
|
|
|
674 | (3) |
|
|
|
677 | (4) |
|
Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
681 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
682 | (8) |
|
Etiology and Pathophysiology |
|
|
682 | (3) |
|
Clinical Presentation of Acute Tubular Necrosis |
|
|
685 | (5) |
|
|
|
690 | (5) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
|
|
695 | (5) |
|
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Interventions |
|
|
696 | (4) |
|
Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract |
|
|
700 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (2) |
|
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
|
|
703 | (2) |
|
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
|
|
706 | (4) |
|
|
|
706 | (2) |
|
Obstruction of the Ureteropelvic Junction |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
Inflammation and Infection |
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
|
715 | (5) |
|
Lower Urinary Tract Urolithiasis |
|
|
715 | (5) |
|
UNIT IX Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
|
Male Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
720 | (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
721 | (6) |
|
Upper Genitourinary Tract |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Lower Genitourinary Tract |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (4) |
|
|
|
727 | (4) |
|
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
|
728 | (2) |
|
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
Male Reproductive Physiology |
|
|
731 | (6) |
|
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (4) |
|
Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
737 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disorders of the Penis and Male Urethra |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Urethrorectal and Vesicourethral Fistulas |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
|
740 | (2) |
|
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Phimosis and Paraphimosis |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Scrotum and Testes |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Prostate |
|
|
746 | (5) |
|
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (3) |
|
Female Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
751 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
752 | (4) |
|
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Organization of the Female Reproductive Organs |
|
|
752 | (4) |
|
|
|
756 | (2) |
|
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
|
|
760 | (6) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Fetal Membranes and Placenta |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
Development of the Human Embryo and Fetus |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Response of the Mother's Body to Pregnancy |
|
|
764 | (2) |
|
|
|
766 | (3) |
|
Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
769 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Patterns |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Uterine Position and Pelvic Support |
|
|
772 | (4) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
Retrodisplacement of the Uterus |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
Inflammation and Infection of the Female Reproductive Tract |
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Benign Growths and Aberrant Tissue of the Female Reproductive Tract |
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
Cancer of the Female Genital Structures |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Placenta Previa and Abruptio Placentae |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Reactive-inflammatory Breast Disorders |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Reactions to Foreign Material |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Fibrocystic Breast Disease |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Specific Benign Neoplasms |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Malignant Disorder of the Breast |
|
|
784 | (6) |
|
|
|
784 | (6) |
|
Sexually Transmitted Infections |
|
|
790 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
Urethritis, Cervicitis, Salpingitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
Diseases With Systemic Involvement |
|
|
792 | (3) |
|
|
|
792 | (2) |
|
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
Diseases With Localized Lesions |
|
|
795 | (4) |
|
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Human Papillomavirus Infections |
|
|
797 | (2) |
|
|
|
799 | (5) |
|
PART 6 Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition |
|
|
|
UNIT X Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
|
Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
804 | (27) |
|
|
|
Structure and Organization of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
805 | (7) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (7) |
|
Gastrointestinal Motility |
|
|
812 | (10) |
|
Characteristics of the Intestinal Wall |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
Movement in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
|
816 | (6) |
|
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
Secretion of Gastrointestinal Juices |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal Hormones |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (4) |
|
Digestion of Carbohydrates |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
Gastrointestinal Function Across the Life Span |
|
|
827 | (4) |
|
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
827 | (4) |
|
Gastrointestinal Disorders |
|
|
831 | (23) |
|
|
|
Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders |
|
|
832 | (4) |
|
|
|
832 | (2) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Bowel Patterns |
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Mouth and Esophagus |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
Acute Herpetic Stomatitis |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (2) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Integrity of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines |
|
|
838 | (3) |
|
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (2) |
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
|
|
842 | (2) |
|
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis (Pseudomembranous Colitis) |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Enterocolitis |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Motility of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
844 | (3) |
|
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
Malabsorption Disorders After Surgical Intervention |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
Esophageal, Gastric, and Small Intestinal Cancers |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Small Intestinal Neoplasms |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Colonic Polyps and Colon Cancer |
|
|
850 | (2) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (2) |
|
Psychosocial Aspects of Gastrointestinal Disorders |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
Stress of Lifestyle Changes |
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas |
|
|
854 | (14) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Pancreaticobiliary System |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Embryology of the Pancreaticobiliary System |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
Functional Anatomy of the Pancreas |
|
|
857 | (2) |
|
Disorders of the Gallbladder |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Cholesterol Gallstone Formation |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis |
|
|
859 | (2) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Pancreas |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
|
861 | (7) |
|
|
|
861 | (3) |
|
|
|
864 | (4) |
|
|
|
868 | (36) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Liver |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Liver Disease |
|
|
869 | (15) |
|
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
|
870 | (5) |
|
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
|
|
875 | (5) |
|
Portal Systemic Encephalopathy |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
Conditions of Advanced Liver Disease |
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
|
884 | (5) |
|
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
Chronic Persistent Hepatitis |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
|
889 | (2) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
|
891 | (2) |
|
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
Hereditary Hemochromatosis |
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration) |
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
Other Structural Liver Conditions |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
|
894 | (2) |
|
Evaluation of the Transplantation Patient |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
Posttransplantation Management |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
Age-Related Liver Disorders |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Liver Diseases and Pediatric Considerations |
|
|
896 | (3) |
|
Abnormal Bilirubin Metabolism in the Neonatal Period |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Infectious and Acquired Hepatidites in Children |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (2) |
|
Liver Diseases and Geriatric Considerations |
|
|
899 | (5) |
|
UNIT XI Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition |
|
|
|
Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation |
|
|
904 | (18) |
|
|
|
Hormone Structure and Action |
|
|
905 | (3) |
|
Chemical Structure of Hormone Classes |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Hormone Action |
|
|
905 | (3) |
|
|
|
908 | (2) |
|
Hormone Synthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism |
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Receptor Responses |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
Hypothalamic-pituitary Endocrine System |
|
|
910 | (5) |
|
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland |
|
|
913 | (2) |
|
|
|
915 | (2) |
|
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion |
|
|
915 | (2) |
|
Thyroid Action on Target Cells |
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
|
|
917 | (3) |
|
Steroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion |
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
Steroid Action on Target Cells |
|
|
918 | (2) |
|
Categories of Endocrine Disease |
|
|
920 | (2) |
|
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
|
|
920 | (2) |
|
Disorders of Endocrine Function |
|
|
922 | (20) |
|
|
|
Basic Concepts of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
923 | (2) |
|
Etiology of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Classification of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
923 | (2) |
|
|
|
925 | (2) |
|
Growth Hormone Deficiency |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
Thyroid Hormone Disorders |
|
|
927 | (4) |
|
|
|
927 | (2) |
|
|
|
929 | (2) |
|
Adrenocortical Hormone Disorders |
|
|
931 | (5) |
|
Adrenocortical Insufficiency |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
|
|
932 | (1) |
|
|
|
933 | (1) |
|
|
|
934 | (2) |
|
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Parathyroid Gland Disorders |
|
|
936 | (2) |
|
Regulation and Actions of Parathyroid Hormone |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Antidiuretic Hormone Disorders |
|
|
938 | (4) |
|
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion |
|
|
939 | (3) |
|
|
|
942 | (27) |
|
|
|
Regulation of Glucose Metabolism |
|
|
943 | (3) |
|
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
|
|
944 | (2) |
|
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
Glucose Intolerance Disorders |
|
|
946 | (6) |
|
Classification of Glucose Intolerance Disorders |
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
|
|
946 | (3) |
|
|
|
949 | (1) |
|
Other Specific Types of Diabetes |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations and Complications |
|
|
952 | (2) |
|
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
|
|
954 | (10) |
|
|
|
954 | (2) |
|
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
|
957 | (3) |
|
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
|
962 | (2) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
965 | (4) |
|
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
|
|
966 | (3) |
|
Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition |
|
|
969 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
970 | (2) |
|
|
|
971 | (1) |
|
|
|
971 | (1) |
|
|
|
972 | (4) |
|
|
|
972 | (2) |
|
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
Aging and Metabolic Function |
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
Nutritional Alterations of Physiologic Stress |
|
|
977 | (3) |
|
|
|
977 | (3) |
|
|
|
980 | (2) |
|
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
Nutritional Requirements of Altered Health States |
|
|
982 | (6) |
|
Infection, Sepsis, and Fever |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
|
984 | (4) |
|
PART 7 Alterations in Neural Control and Integration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Nervous System |
|
|
988 | (47) |
|
|
|
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
|
989 | (14) |
|
Support and Protection of the Central Nervous System |
|
|
989 | (5) |
|
|
|
994 | (7) |
|
|
|
1001 | (2) |
|
Peripheral Nervous System |
|
|
1003 | (4) |
|
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
|
|
1004 | (3) |
|
|
|
1007 | (4) |
|
Neuronal Structure and Function |
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
Neurons and Supportive Cells |
|
|
1011 | (3) |
|
|
|
1011 | (2) |
|
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
|
|
1014 | (8) |
|
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
|
|
1015 | (2) |
|
|
|
1017 | (4) |
|
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
Neural Development, Aging, and Injury |
|
|
1022 | (2) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
|
|
1028 | (1) |
|
Central Control of Motor Function |
|
|
1028 | (3) |
|
Consciousness, Memory, and Sleep |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
|
1031 | (4) |
|
Acute Disorders of Brain Function |
|
|
1035 | (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
Mechanisms of Brain Injury |
|
|
1036 | (9) |
|
|
|
1037 | (3) |
|
Increased Intracranial Pressure |
|
|
1040 | (5) |
|
Manifestations of Brain Injury |
|
|
1045 | (4) |
|
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
Brain Hemodynamics and Metabolism |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
Types of Traumatic Brain Injury |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
|
1050 | (2) |
|
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
|
1056 | (2) |
|
Motor and Sensory Deficits |
|
|
1057 | (1) |
|
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
Cerebral Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation |
|
|
1058 | (2) |
|
|
|
1059 | (1) |
|
Arteriovenous Malformation |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
Central Nervous System Infections |
|
|
1060 | (4) |
|
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
|
|
1062 | (2) |
|
Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function |
|
|
1064 | (22) |
|
|
|
Brain and Cerebellar Disorders |
|
|
1065 | (11) |
|
|
|
1065 | (2) |
|
|
|
1067 | (4) |
|
|
|
1071 | (2) |
|
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
|
|
1073 | (2) |
|
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Disorders |
|
|
1076 | (10) |
|
|
|
1076 | (2) |
|
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
|
|
1080 | (3) |
|
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
|
|
1084 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Special Sensory Function |
|
|
1086 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of the Ear |
|
|
1087 | (2) |
|
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
|
1088 | (1) |
|
|
|
1088 | (1) |
|
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Hearing Impairment |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
Hearing Impairment Disorders |
|
|
1089 | (3) |
|
Conductive Hearing Impairment |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
Loss Caused by Cerumen Impaction and Foreign Body Occlusion |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
Sensorineural Hearing Impairment |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
Loss Caused by Ototoxic Medications |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
Interventions for Individuals with Hearing Impairment |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1095 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Visual Impairment |
|
|
1096 | (1) |
|
|
|
1096 | (5) |
|
|
|
1096 | (1) |
|
Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and Astigmatism |
|
|
1096 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
|
|
1100 | (1) |
|
Closed-Angle (Narrow-Angle) Glaucoma |
|
|
1100 | (1) |
|
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
Interventions for Individuals with Vision Impairment |
|
|
1101 | (2) |
|
|
|
1103 | (2) |
|
Disorders of Smell and Taste |
|
|
1103 | (2) |
|
|
|
1105 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1106 | (6) |
|
|
|
1106 | (1) |
|
|
|
1107 | (2) |
|
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
|
|
1110 | (2) |
|
|
|
1112 | (1) |
|
|
|
1113 | (1) |
|
|
|
1113 | (1) |
|
|
|
1114 | (2) |
|
|
|
1114 | (2) |
|
|
|
1116 | (1) |
|
|
|
1116 | (2) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
|
1118 | (1) |
|
|
|
1118 | (1) |
|
Physiologic Responses to Pain |
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
Pain in the Young and the Elderly |
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Pain Management |
|
|
1119 | (5) |
|
Interrupting Peripheral Transmission of Pain |
|
|
1120 | (1) |
|
Modulating Pain Transmission at the Spinal Cord |
|
|
1120 | (1) |
|
Altering the Perception and Integration of Pain |
|
|
1120 | (4) |
|
UNIT XIII Neuropsychological Function |
|
|
|
Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses |
|
|
1124 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1124 | (10) |
|
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
|
|
1135 | (4) |
|
|
|
1139 | (6) |
|
Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses |
|
|
1145 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1146 | (4) |
|
|
|
1146 | (1) |
|
Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|
|
1147 | (1) |
|
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
|
|
1148 | (2) |
|
|
|
1150 | (3) |
|
Borderline Personality Disorder |
|
|
1150 | (2) |
|
Antisocial Personality Disorder |
|
|
1152 | (1) |
|
|
|
1153 | (7) |
|
|
|
1154 | (6) |
|
PART 8 Alterations in Movement and Support |
|
|
|
UNIT XIV Musculoskeletal Support and Movement |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System |
|
|
1160 | (21) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of Bone |
|
|
1161 | (5) |
|
|
|
1161 | (1) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1163 | (3) |
|
Structure and Function of Joints |
|
|
1166 | (5) |
|
|
|
1167 | (1) |
|
|
|
1167 | (4) |
|
Structure and Function of Articular Cartilage |
|
|
1171 | (1) |
|
|
|
1171 | (1) |
|
|
|
1171 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1171 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Tendons and Ligaments |
|
|
1172 | (1) |
|
|
|
1172 | (1) |
|
|
|
1173 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1173 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
1173 | (2) |
|
|
|
1173 | (2) |
|
Mechanics of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
1175 | (6) |
|
|
|
1175 | (1) |
|
|
|
1176 | (1) |
|
Electromechanical Coupling |
|
|
1176 | (1) |
|
Types of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
1177 | (1) |
|
|
|
1178 | (1) |
|
Effects of Temperature Change |
|
|
1178 | (1) |
|
|
|
1178 | (1) |
|
Response to Movement and Exercise |
|
|
1178 | (3) |
|
Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease |
|
|
1181 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
1182 | (5) |
|
|
|
1182 | (1) |
|
|
|
1182 | (4) |
|
Dislocations and Subluxations |
|
|
1186 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Bone Mass and Structure |
|
|
1187 | (2) |
|
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
|
|
1188 | (1) |
|
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
|
|
1189 | (2) |
|
|
|
1189 | (2) |
|
|
|
1191 | (1) |
|
|
|
1191 | (2) |
|
|
|
1191 | (1) |
|
|
|
1192 | (1) |
|
|
|
1192 | (1) |
|
|
|
1192 | (1) |
|
|
|
1192 | (1) |
|
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
Inert Soft-tissue Injuries |
|
|
1193 | (2) |
|
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
|
|
1194 | (1) |
|
Internal Joint Derangement |
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
Injuries to Fasciae and Bursae |
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
Injuries to Nerves, Nerve Roots, or Dura Mater |
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
Contractile Soft-tissue Injuries |
|
|
1195 | (4) |
|
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
Muscle and Tendon Strains |
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of Contractile Injuries |
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
Soft-Tissue Healing After Trauma |
|
|
1196 | (3) |
|
Diseases of Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Becker Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Other Disorders of Muscle |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
|
1200 | (2) |
|
|
|
1200 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders |
|
|
1202 | (18) |
|
|
|
Local Disorders of Joint Function |
|
|
1203 | (3) |
|
|
|
1203 | (1) |
|
|
|
1204 | (2) |
|
Systemic Disorders of Joint Function |
|
|
1206 | (7) |
|
Immune-Mediated Disorders |
|
|
1206 | (1) |
|
|
|
1206 | (3) |
|
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
|
|
1209 | (1) |
|
|
|
1209 | (1) |
|
|
|
1210 | (1) |
|
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis |
|
|
1211 | (1) |
|
Postinfectious Systemic Disorders |
|
|
1211 | (1) |
|
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome) |
|
|
1211 | (1) |
|
|
|
1212 | (1) |
|
|
|
1212 | (1) |
|
|
|
1212 | (1) |
|
Joint Dysfunction Secondary to Other Diseases |
|
|
1213 | (3) |
|
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy |
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
Adult-Onset Still Disease |
|
|
1215 | (1) |
|
Pediatric Joint Disorders |
|
|
1216 | (4) |
|
|
|
1216 | (1) |
|
|
|
1216 | (1) |
|
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis |
|
|
1216 | (4) |
|
UNIT XV Integumentary System |
|
|
|
Alterations in the Integumentary System |
|
|
1220 | (41) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1221 | (3) |
|
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
Dermis and Subcutaneous Tissue |
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of the Integumentary System |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
Primary and Secondary Lesions |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
|
|
1225 | (3) |
|
|
|
1228 | (4) |
|
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
|
|
1228 | (2) |
|
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
Superficial Fungal Infections |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
|
|
1231 | (1) |
|
|
|
1231 | (1) |
|
|
|
1231 | (1) |
|
|
|
1232 | (1) |
|
|
|
1232 | (1) |
|
|
|
1232 | (3) |
|
|
|
1232 | (1) |
|
|
|
1232 | (2) |
|
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
|
|
1235 | (1) |
|
|
|
1235 | (1) |
|
|
|
1235 | (4) |
|
|
|
1235 | (1) |
|
|
|
1236 | (1) |
|
|
|
1237 | (1) |
|
|
|
1238 | (1) |
|
|
|
1239 | (2) |
|
|
|
1239 | (1) |
|
|
|
1239 | (1) |
|
|
|
1239 | (1) |
|
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
|
|
1241 | (1) |
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
|
|
1241 | (1) |
|
|
|
1241 | (1) |
|
Other Disorders of the Dermis |
|
|
1241 | (6) |
|
|
|
1241 | (1) |
|
Sunburn and Photosensitivity |
|
|
1242 | (1) |
|
|
|
1242 | (2) |
|
|
|
1244 | (1) |
|
|
|
1244 | (1) |
|
|
|
1244 | (1) |
|
|
|
1244 | (1) |
|
|
|
1244 | (1) |
|
|
|
1244 | (3) |
|
Special Characteristics of Dark Skin |
|
|
1247 | (2) |
|
Integumentary Manifestations of Systemic Disease |
|
|
1249 | (4) |
|
|
|
1249 | (1) |
|
|
|
1250 | (1) |
|
|
|
1251 | (2) |
|
|
|
1253 | (1) |
|
|
|
1253 | (1) |
|
|
|
1254 | (1) |
|
Selection of a Delivery System |
|
|
1254 | (1) |
|
|
|
1254 | (1) |
|
Developmental Considerations |
|
|
1254 | (1) |
|
|
|
1255 | (1) |
|
|
|
1256 | (2) |
|
|
|
1256 | (1) |
|
|
|
1256 | (1) |
|
|
|
1257 | (1) |
|
|
|
1257 | (1) |
|
|
|
1257 | (1) |
|
Adolescence and Young Adulthood |
|
|
1258 | (1) |
|
|
|
1258 | (3) |
|
|
|
1261 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1262 | (18) |
|
|
|
1262 | (1) |
|
|
|
1262 | (1) |
|
|
|
1262 | (1) |
|
|
|
1263 | (2) |
|
|
|
1265 | (2) |
|
|
|
1267 | (1) |
|
|
|
1268 | (1) |
|
|
|
1268 | (1) |
|
|
|
1269 | (1) |
|
Burn Shock and Acute Resuscitation |
|
|
1269 | (2) |
|
|
|
1271 | (2) |
|
|
|
1273 | (1) |
|
|
|
1273 | (1) |
|
|
|
1274 | (1) |
|
Elements of Burn Injury Survival |
|
|
1274 | (4) |
|
|
|
1278 | (2) |
|
|
|
1280 | (4) |
|
|
|
1280 | (1) |
|
|
|
1281 | (1) |
|
Management and Complications |
|
|
1281 | (3) |
| APPENDIX Clinical and Laboratory Values |
|
1284 | (6) |
| Glossary |
|
1290 | (33) |
| Index |
|
1323 | |
