Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Phonology and Morphology of Arabic [Pehme köide]

(University of Salford)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 336 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 233x155x19 mm, kaal: 467 g, Line drawings
  • Sari: The Phonology of the World's Languages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199226695
  • ISBN-13: 9780199226696
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 336 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 233x155x19 mm, kaal: 467 g, Line drawings
  • Sari: The Phonology of the World's Languages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Nov-2007
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199226695
  • ISBN-13: 9780199226696
This book is the first comprehensive account of the phonology and morphology of Arabic. It is a pioneering work of scholarship, based on the author's research in the region.
Arabic is a Semitic language spoken by some 250 million people in an area stretching from Morocco in the West to parts of Iran in the East. Apart from its great intrinsic interest, the importance of the language for phonological and morphological theory lies, as the author shows, in its rich root-and-pattern morphology and its large set of guttural consonants. Dr Watson focuses on two eastern dialects, Cairene and San'ani. Cairene is typical of an advanced urban Mediterranean dialect and has a cultural importance throughout the Arab world; it is also the variety learned by most foreign speakers of Arabic. San'ani, spoken in Yemen, is representative of a conservative peninsula dialect. In addition the book makes extensive reference to other dialects as well as to classical and Modern Standard Arabic.
The volume opens with an overview of the history and varieties of Arabic, and of the study of phonology within the Arab linguistic tradition. Successive chapters then cover dialectal differences and similarities, and the position of Arabic within Semitic; the phoneme system and the representation of phonological features; the syllable and syllabification; word stress; derivational morphology; inflectional morphology; lexical phonology; and post-lexical phonology. The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic will be of great interest to Arabists and comparative Semiticists, as well as to phonologists, morphologists, and linguists more generally.

Arvustused

An important monograph, a step forward in the phonology account of Modern Arabic. Those who read this work will be highly rewarded, whether they are interested in general phonology or whether they search for particular descriptions of Arabic varieties. * Journal of Semantic Studies *

Preface xi
Acknowledgements xii
Abbreviations xiii
1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1. The Semitic language family
1
1.1.1. Phonology
1
1.1.2. Morphology
3
1.1.3. Syntax
4
1.2. Arabic within Central Semitic
5
1.2.1. The spread of Arabic
6
1.2.2. The development of Arabic
7
1.2.3. The emergence of a standard language and diglossia
8
1.3. The present study
9
2. THE PHONEME SYSTEM OF ARABIC
13
2.1. Consonants
13
2.1.1. Bilabials
14
2.1.2. Labio-dental
14
2.1.3. Dentals
14
2.1.4. Interdentals
14
2.1.5. Sibilants
15
2.1.6. Palatals
15
2.1.7. Liquids
16
2.1.8. Velars
16
2.1.9. Uvulars
17
2.1.10. Pharyngeals
18
2.1.11. Glottals
18
2.1.12. Glides
19
2.2. The consonantal system of San' ani
19
2.3. The consonantal system of Cairene
20
2.4. Vowels
21
2.4.1. Short vowels
21
2.4.2. Long vowels
22
2.4.3. Diphthongs
22
2.4.4. Cairene long vowels
23
3. PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES
24
3.1. Root features
26
3.2. Stricture features
27
3.3. Laryngeal features
27
3.4. Place/articulator features
28
3.4.1. Primary versus non-primary place
29
3.4.2. [ Labial]
31
3.4.3. The [ coronal]–front vowel debate
32
3.4.4. [ Dorsal]
35
3.4.5. [ Guttural]
37
3.4.6. [ Coronal]
39
3.4.7. The representation of the pharyngealized coronals
42
3.4.8. The representation of the uvulars
43
3.4.9. The representation of the pharyngeals
44
3.4.10. The phonetic interpretation of non-primary [ guttural]
45
3.4.11. The representation of the vowels
47
3.5. Conclusion
48
4. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABIFICATION
50
4.1. Association and the syllabic skeleton
50
4.2. Syllable structure
56
4.3. Superheavy and 'super-superheavy' syllable types
58
4.4. Syllabification
61
4.4.1. Syllable repair processes
64
4.4.2. Syncope
70
4.5. Conclusion
77
5. WORD STRESS
79
5.1. Word stress patterns
79
5.1.1. Word stress patterns in Cairene
79
5.1.2. Word stress patterns in San'ani
81
5.2. The theoretical model
84
5.2.1. The moraic model
86
5.2.2. The iambic/trochaic division
86
5.2.3. Degenerate feet and the minimal word
88
5.2.4. Extrametricality
90
5.2.5. Extrasyllabicity
92
5.3. Word stress in Cairene
93
5.3.1. Exceptions to the stress algorithm
96
5.4. Word stress in San'ani
98
5.4.1. Domain-final CVVC/CVCC
101
5.4.2. Domain-final CVV
110
5.4.3. Suffixed words with pre-antepenultimate CVV or CVG syllables
112
5.4.4. Stress fluctuation
114
5.4.5. Secondary stress
119
5.5. Conclusion
121
6. MORPHOLOGY
122
6.1. The morpheme
124
6.2. Root-and-pattern morphology
125
6.3. Non-concatenative morphology
126
6.4. Prosodic morphology
128
6.4.1. The minimal word
129
6.4.2. Basic stems
130
6.5. Level-one verbal morphology
133
6.5.1. Finite verb stems
137
6.5.2. Forms II, III, and IV
138
6.5.3. Forms VII, VIII, IX, and X
139
6.5.4. Forms V and VI
141
6.5.5. Form I imperfect template
142
6.5.6. Non-triliteral verbs
142
6.5.7. Verbal derivatives
152
6.6. Level-one nominal morphology
164
6.7. Conclusion
173
7. MORPHOLOGY 2
175
7.1. Level-two verbal morphology
176
7.1.1. Affixation of level-two verbal morphemes
176
7.1.2. Affixation of further morphemes
182
7.1.3. Allomorphy
184
7.2. Level-two nominal and adjectival morphology
186
7.2.1. Affixation of level-two nominal morphemes
186
7.2.2. Allomorphy
188
7.2.3. The -i morpheme in Cairene
190
7.2.4. A homophonous morpheme in San'ani
192
7.3. Additional suffixal morphemes in Cairene
193
7.3.1. Turkish suffixes
193
7.3.2. Additional native suffixes
195
7.3.3. Additional suffixal morphemes in San' ani
198
7.3.4. Additional native suffixes
198
7.4. Conclusion
199
8. LEXICAL PHONOLOGY
200
8.1. Prosodic processes
201
8.1.1. Pre-suffix vowel lengthening (in CA)
201
8.1.2. y-strengthening (in CA)
203
8.1.3. n-strengthening
205
8.1.4. *V–V resolution in the inflection of final-weak stems
206
8.1.5. Diphthong reduction and n-strengthening (in SA)
208
8.1.6. Pre-{ negative} degemination (in SA)
210
8.1.7. h-disassociation (in SA)
211
8.2. Melodic processes
214
8.2.1. The role of the Obligatory Contour Principle
216
8.2.2. Assimilation of -l of the definite article
216
8.2.3. Assimilation of t- of the detransitivizing prefix
222
8.3. Conclusion
225
9. POST-LEXICAL PHONOLOGY
226
9.1. Prosodic processes
226
9.1.1. Unstressed long vowel shortening (in CA)
226
9.1.2. Resolution of V–V sequences
228
9.1.3. Gemination of clitic-final sonorant (in SA)
234
9.2. Melodic processes
235
9.2.1. Nasal place assimilation
235
9.2.2. Coronal sonorant assimilation
237
9.2.3. Assimilation of adjacent sibilants
240
9.2.4. Coronal place assimilation
242
9.2.5. Voicing assimilation (in CA)
245
9.2.6. Voicing, devoicing, and geminate devoicing (in SA)
248
9.2.7. Intervocalic voicing (in SA)
256
9.2.8. Palatalization
257
9.2.9. Labialization of [ labial] and [ dorsal] consonants (in SA)
263
9.2.10. Labialization of [ dorsal] vowels
265
9.3. Conclusion
266
10. EMPHASIS 268
10.1. The articulatory correlates of emphasis
269
10.2. The acoustic correlates of emphasis
270
10.3. [ Guttural] spread
270
10.4. The domain of emphasis spread
273
10.4.1. Emphasis spread from the primary coronal emphatics in Cairene
273
10.4.2. Emphasis spread from the secondary emphatics
275
10.4.3. Analysis
276
10.4.4. Spread from the pharyngeals and the guttural off-glide
277
10.5 Enhancing features and emphasis spread in San' ani
279
10.5.1. [ Labial] spread and transparent segments
282
10.5.2. The directionality of [ labial] spread
284
10.5.3. The pharyngeals
285
10.6 Conclusion
286
References 287
Index of Authors 299
Index of Subjects 302


Janet C. E. Watson has held lectureships in Arabic at the universities of Edinburgh, Durham, and Salford, and has also taught at the University of Manchester. She travels regularly to the Middle East and has spent extended periods of time in Yemen and Egypt. A fluent speaker of Yemeni Arabic, her recent research work has concentrated on the phonology of Arabic. Her previous publications include A Syntax of San'ani Arabic (1993), Sbahtu! A Course in San'ani Arabic (1996), and Wasf San'a: Texts in San'ani Arabic (2000).