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Physical Chemistry Of Solids: Basic Principles Of Symmetry And Stability Of Crystalline Solids [Pehme köide]

(Iowa State Univ, Usa)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 296 pages
  • Sari: Advanced Series In Physical Chemistry 1
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1994
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9810211546
  • ISBN-13: 9789810211547
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Physical Chemistry Of Solids: Basic Principles Of Symmetry And Stability Of  Crystalline Solids
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 296 pages
  • Sari: Advanced Series In Physical Chemistry 1
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1994
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9810211546
  • ISBN-13: 9789810211547
This book is about the underlying principles of symmetry, thermodynamics and electronic structure that pertain to crystalline solids. After years of teaching graduate students in the areas covered, the author has a good idea of what major notions of group theory and thermodynamics are useful to students of solid state chemistry, and of what fundamental concepts are necessary for a clear understanding. Thus the book deals with lattice symmetry, space groups, reciprocal space, Landau theory, X-ray diffraction, heterogeneous equilibria and simple band theory, in a rigorous and thorough treatment.
Introduction v
Preface vii
Introduction
1(16)
Purpose and Scope
1(1)
Symmetry Groups
1(8)
Thermodynamics of Condensed Systems
9(2)
Diffraction
11(2)
Quantum Mechanics
13(4)
Bibliography
15(1)
Problems
16(1)
The Bravais Lattices
17(38)
The Space Lattice
17(1)
Symmetry of Lattices
18(1)
Proper and Improper Rotation Symmetry
19(1)
Categories of Lattices
19(12)
The Monoclinic Lattice
20(1)
The Centered Monoclinic Lattice
21(1)
Orthorhombic Symmetry
22(1)
The Orthorhombic Lattices
23(1)
The Tetragonal Lattices
23(3)
The Hexagonal Case
26(1)
Six-Fold Rotation
27(1)
The Cubic Lattices
28(1)
The Rhombohedral Lattice
29(2)
Plane Lattices
31(1)
Symmetry Elements of Plane Lattices
31(3)
Allowed Rotational Symmetries of Plane Lattices
34(3)
Plane Lattices with mm Symmetry
37(1)
Plane Lattices with 4-Fold Symmetry
38(1)
Plane Lattices with Hexagonal Symmetry
38(1)
Stacking of Plane Lattices
39(1)
Cell Reduction
39(1)
Example of a Cell Reduction
40(5)
Transformation of Axes
45(1)
Transformations of Positions within Cells
46(1)
Lattice Planes
47(2)
Miller Indices and the Reciprocal Lattice
49(1)
The Lattice Reciprocal to the fcc Lattice
50(2)
The Scalar Products of Real and Reciprocal Lattices Vectors
52(3)
Bibliography
53(1)
Problems
54(1)
Space Group Symmetry
55(23)
Space Group Symmetry Operations
55(1)
Allowed Rotational Symmetries
56(1)
Reflection Operations
56(1)
Glide Operations
57(1)
Rotation-Translation Operations
58(2)
Monoclinic Space Groups
60(1)
Essential Symmetry Operations
61(1)
Symmorphic and Nonsymmorphic Space Groups
62(1)
Crystal Class
63(1)
An Orthorhombic Example: Pmna
64(1)
Group-Subgroup Relations Among the Crystal Classes
65(3)
The Equivalent Positions in I41/amd
68(2)
Group-Subgroup Relations Among Space Groups
70(1)
Some Subgroups of I41/amd
70(2)
Superstructure
72(1)
Symmetry Operations in Subgroups
72(2)
The Subgroups of P63/mmc in the Crystal Class D2h Arising from Doubling of a
74(4)
Bibliography
75(2)
Problems
77(1)
Reciprocal Space
78(8)
Rotational Symmetry of Reciprocal Space
78(1)
Lattice Periodicity
78(1)
Nonintegral Periods
79(1)
The Brillouin Zone
80(1)
The Symmetry of the Reciprocal Space
81(1)
The Group of the Wave Vector
81(1)
The Group of the Wave Vector at k = a*/2 in P63/mmc
82(1)
Group-Subgroup Relations
83(1)
Special Points
83(3)
Bibliography
84(1)
Problems
85(1)
Irreducible Representations of Space Groups
86(12)
Representations of the Translational Group
86(2)
Irreducible Representations of Symmorphic Space Groups
88(1)
Loaded Representations
88(4)
Some Irreducible Representations of P63/mmc at k = a*/2
92(3)
Relationships Between Irreducible Representations and Subgroups: P63/mmc at a*/2
95(3)
Bibliography
96(1)
Problems
97(1)
Landau Theory
98(25)
The Order Parameter
98(1)
The Variation of η with Thermodynamic State
98(2)
Single Irreducible Representation Condition
100(1)
The ρ Expansion
100(1)
Symmetry Transformation of the γi's
101(1)
Lack of First-Order Invariants
102(1)
Second-Order Invariants
102(1)
Even-Order Terms
103(2)
The Third-Order Term
105(1)
Summary
106(1)
Invariants of Third and Fourth Order
107(1)
The Totally Symmetric Small Representation of F m3m at the L Point
108(2)
Possible Minima in G
110(3)
The Symmetries of the Allowed Solutions Corresponding to the Totally Symmetric Small Representation of F m3m at the L Point
113(2)
The Lifshitz Condition
115(2)
Transitions at the Γ Point of m3m
117(6)
Bibliography
120(2)
Problems
122(1)
Thermodynamics of Condensed Systems
123(26)
Introduction
123(1)
Simple Systems
123(1)
Species and Components
124(1)
Arbitrary Restraints
124(1)
Determination of c
125(1)
Chemical Reaction Thermodynamics
126(1)
Independent Net Reactions
126(1)
Number of Independent Net Reactions
127(1)
Examples Involving Solids
128(4)
Examples Involving Only Condensed Phases
132(1)
Nonstoichiometry
133(2)
Nonstoichiometry and Gibbs Free Energy
135(2)
Configurational Entropy
137(1)
Energetics of Vacancy Creation
138(1)
Distribution Equilibria
138(4)
The Gibbs-Konovalow Equation
142(1)
Second-Order Phase Transitions
142(2)
Displacive Transitions
144(1)
Order-Disorder Transition
144(2)
Behavior of cp in the Case of Second-Order Transitions
146(3)
Bibliography
147(1)
Problems
148(1)
X-Ray Diffraction
149(23)
X-Ray Diffraction by a Crystal
149(5)
Finite Summation and Peak Widths (The Fresnel Construction)
154(3)
Powder Diffraction
157(1)
Interplanar Spacing
158(1)
Coincident Reflections
159(1)
Hexagonal Indexing
159(2)
Rhombohedral Indexed as Hexagonal
161(1)
Indexing of Powder Patterns
162(2)
Least Squares Refinement of Lattice Parameters
164(2)
Indexing of Powder Patterns with No Initial Model
166(1)
A Hexagonal Example
166(6)
Bibliography
170(1)
Problems
171(1)
Single Crystal Diffraction
172(19)
Introduction
172(1)
The Ewald Sphere
172(1)
Rotation with a Cylindrical Film
173(2)
Weissenberg Patterns
175(2)
Symmetry of Single-Crystal Diffraction Patterns
177(2)
Anomalous Scattering
179(1)
Fourier Series
180(1)
The Phase Problem
180(1)
The Direct Method
181(5)
Sign Assignment and Origin Location
186(1)
The Effect of Centered Cells
187(1)
Other Uses of Symmetry in Sign Assignment
188(1)
Thermal Motion
188(3)
Bibliography
189(1)
Problems
190(1)
Electronic Structure
191(14)
Bloch Functions
191(1)
Boundary Conditions
191(1)
Energy Values for Plane Wave Solutions. The Free Electron Model
192(2)
E(k) in the BZ. The Nearly Free Electron Model
194(2)
E vs. K: Bonding and Antibonding Interactions
196(3)
Peierl's Distortion
199(1)
Compatibility
200(5)
Bibliography
202(1)
Problems
203(2)
Order-Disorder Transitions
205(14)
The β---β' Brass Transition
205(2)
L Point Ordering in NaCI Type Solids
207(5)
Incommensurate Structure
212(7)
Bibliography
216(1)
Problems
217(2)
Appendix 219(56)
Index 275