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1 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 Clogging of Recirculating Nuclear Steam Generators |
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3 | (12) |
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2.1 Pressurised Water Reactor Power Plants |
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3 | (2) |
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2.2 Functioning of Recirculating Steam Generator |
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5 | (2) |
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2.3 Physical Measurement Near the Steam Generator |
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7 | (1) |
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2.3.1 Steam Generator Water Level Measurement |
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7 | (1) |
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2.4 Steam Generators Degradation by Iron Oxides Deposition |
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8 | (7) |
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2.4.1 Tube Support Plate Clogging |
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9 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Maintenance and Remediation Operations |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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3 State of the Art of Clogging Diagnosis |
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15 | (10) |
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3.1 Visual Inspection of Uppermost Tube Support Plate |
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15 | (4) |
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16 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Equivalent Uniform Clogging Ratio |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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3.3 Wide Range Level Monitoring in Stationary Regime |
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19 | (1) |
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3.4 Analysis of the Dynamic Response of the Wide Range Level |
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20 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Selecting a Transient: The RGL 4 Scheduled Test |
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20 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Arbitrary Profile Diagnosis Method |
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21 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Choice of a Family of Clogging Configurations |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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4 Steam Generator Physical Model |
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25 | (18) |
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25 | (1) |
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4.2 Single-phase Flow: Primary Fluid Modeling |
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26 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Balance Equations for the Single-phase Flow |
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27 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Practical Set of Balance Equations for the Single-phase Flow |
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28 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Constitutive Equation for Single-phase Flow |
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29 | (1) |
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4.3 Two-phase Flow: Secondary Fluid Modeling |
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30 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Averaging Operators |
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31 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Void Fraction, Quality and Phases Velocity Ratio |
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32 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Balance Equations for the Two-phase Flow |
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33 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Constitutive Equations for the Two-phase Flow |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (3) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (8) |
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5.1 Choice of Sensitivity Analysis Technique |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (4) |
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5.2.1 ANOVA Decomposition |
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45 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Computation of Sobol' Indices |
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46 | (2) |
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5.3 Sensitivity Analysis of a Functional Output |
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48 | (3) |
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5.3.1 Principal Component Analysis |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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6 Sliced Inverse Regression |
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51 | (8) |
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6.1 General Principle of Sliced Inverse Regression |
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51 | (2) |
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6.1.1 Inverse Regression Curve |
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52 | (1) |
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6.2 Algorithm of Sliced Inverse Regression |
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53 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Determination of the Projection Subspace Dimension |
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54 | (1) |
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6.2.2 A Remark on Input Sampling |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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7 Statistical Analysis of the Physical Model |
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59 | (16) |
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7.1 Preprocessing of the Wide Range Level Responses |
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59 | (1) |
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7.2 Sequential Sensitivity Analysis |
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60 | (2) |
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7.3 Dimension Reduction of the Output |
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62 | (4) |
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7.3.1 Principal Components of a Simulation Sample |
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64 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Principal Components of Sample of Measured Responses |
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65 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Looking Back at the Pre-processing |
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66 | (1) |
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7.4 Sensitivity Analysis of the Reduced Dimension Output |
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66 | (2) |
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7.5 Dimension Reduction of the Model Input |
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68 | (7) |
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7.5.1 Dimension of the Effective Dimension Reduction Subspace |
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69 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Effective Dimension Reduction Directions |
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70 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Correlation Between the New Input and Output Variables |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (18) |
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8.1 Conditioning the Diagnosis |
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75 | (1) |
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8.2 Definition of a New Clogging Indicator |
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76 | (2) |
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8.3 Application of the New Diagnosis Method |
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78 | (15) |
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92 | (1) |
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9 Synthesis and Usage Recommendation |
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93 | (4) |
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9.1 Synthesis of the Method Elaboration |
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93 | (1) |
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9.2 Usage Recommendations and Improvement Perspectives |
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94 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
Appendix: Characteristics of the Type 51B Steam Generator |
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97 | |