| Introduction |
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1 | (4) |
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1 | (1) |
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Conventions Used in This Book |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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How This Book Is Organized |
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2 | (2) |
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Part 1: Putting Physics into Motion |
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2 | (1) |
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Part 2: May the Forces of Physics Be with You |
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3 | (1) |
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Part 3: Manifesting the Energy to Work |
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3 | (1) |
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Part 4: Laying Down the Laws of Thermodynamics |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
| Part 1: Putting Physics Into Motion |
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5 | (74) |
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Chapter 1 Using Physics to Understand Your World |
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7 | (8) |
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What Physics Is All About |
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8 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Observing Objects in Motion |
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10 | (2) |
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Measuring speed, direction, velocity, and acceleration |
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10 | (1) |
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Round and round: Rotational motion |
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11 | (1) |
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Springs and pendulums: Simple harmonic motion |
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11 | (1) |
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When Push Comes to Shove: Forces |
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12 | (2) |
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Absorbing the energy around you |
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13 | (1) |
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That's heavy: Pressures in fluids |
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13 | (1) |
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Feeling Hot but Not Bothered: Thermodynamics |
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14 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Reviewing Physics Measurement and Math Fundamentals |
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15 | (14) |
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Measuring the World around You and Making Predictions |
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16 | (4) |
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Using systems of measurement |
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16 | (1) |
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From meters to inches and back again: Converting between units |
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17 | (3) |
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Eliminating Some Zeros: Using Scientific Notation |
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20 | (1) |
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Checking the Accuracy and Precision of Measurements |
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21 | (3) |
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Knowing which digits are significant |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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Arming Yourself with Basic Algebra |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Interpreting Equations as Real-World Ideas |
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26 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Exploring the Need for Speed |
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29 | (24) |
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Going the Distance with Displacement |
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30 | (4) |
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Understanding displacement and position |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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Speed Specifics: What Is Speed, Anyway? |
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34 | (4) |
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Reading the speedometer: Instantaneous speed |
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34 | (1) |
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Staying steady: Uniform speed |
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35 | (1) |
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Shifting speeds: Nonuniform motion |
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35 | (1) |
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Busting out the stopwatch: Average speed |
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35 | (3) |
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Speeding Up (Or Down): Acceleration |
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38 | (6) |
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38 | (1) |
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Determining the units of acceleration |
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38 | (1) |
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Looking at positive and negative acceleration |
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39 | (3) |
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Examining average and instantaneous acceleration |
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42 | (1) |
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Taking off: Putting the acceleration formula into practice |
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42 | (2) |
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Understanding uniform and nonuniform acceleration |
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44 | (1) |
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Relating Acceleration, Time, and Displacement |
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44 | (4) |
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Not-so-distant relations: Deriving the formula |
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45 | (1) |
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Calculating acceleration and distance |
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46 | (2) |
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Linking Velocity, Acceleration, and Displacement |
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48 | (5) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Following Directions: Motion in Two Dimensions |
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53 | (26) |
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54 | (3) |
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Asking for directions: Vector basics |
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54 | (1) |
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Looking at vector addition from start to finish |
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55 | (1) |
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Going head-to-head with vector subtraction |
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56 | (1) |
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Putting Vectors on the Grid |
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57 | (2) |
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Adding vectors by adding coordinates |
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57 | (2) |
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Changing the length: Multiplying a vector by a number |
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59 | (1) |
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A Little Trig: Breaking Up Vectors into Components |
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59 | (6) |
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Finding vector components |
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60 | (2) |
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Reassembling a vector from its components |
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62 | (3) |
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Featuring Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration in two dimensions |
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65 | (5) |
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Displacement: Going the distance in two dimensions |
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66 | (3) |
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Velocity: Speeding in a new direction |
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69 | (1) |
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Acceleration: Getting a new angle on changes in velocity |
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70 | (11) |
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Accelerating Downward: Motion under the Influence of Gravity |
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72 | (1) |
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The golf-ball-off-the-cliff exercise |
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72 | (3) |
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The how-far-can-you-kick-the-ball exercise |
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75 | (4) |
| Part 2: May The Forces Of Physics Be With You |
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79 | (86) |
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Chapter 5 When Push Comes to Shove: Force |
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81 | (20) |
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Newton's First Law: Resisting with Inertia |
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82 | (2) |
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Resisting change: Inertia and mass |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Newton's Second Law: Relating Force, Mass, and Acceleration |
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84 | (8) |
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Relating the formula to the real world |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Vector addition: Gathering net forces |
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86 | (6) |
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Newton's Third Law: Looking at Equal and Opposite Forces |
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92 | (9) |
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Seeing Newton's third law in action |
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92 | (1) |
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Pulling hard enough to overcome friction |
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93 | (1) |
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Pulleys: Supporting double the force |
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94 | (1) |
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Analyzing angles and force in Newton's third law |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Getting Down with Gravity, Inclined Planes, and Friction |
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101 | (18) |
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Acceleration Due to Gravity: One of Life's Little Constants |
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102 | (1) |
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Finding a New Angle on Gravity with Inclined Planes |
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102 | (3) |
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Finding the force of gravity along a ramp |
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103 | (2) |
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Figuring the speed along a ramp |
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105 | (1) |
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Getting Sticky with Friction |
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105 | (10) |
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Calculating friction and the normal force |
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106 | (1) |
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Conquering the coefficient of friction |
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107 | (1) |
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On the move: Understanding static and kinetic friction |
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108 | (2) |
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A not-so-slippery slope: Handling uphill and downhill friction |
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110 | (5) |
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Let's Get Fired Up! Sending Objects Airborne |
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115 | (4) |
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Shooting an object straight up |
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115 | (2) |
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Projectile motion: Firing an object at an angle |
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117 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Circling Around Rotational Motion and Orbits |
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119 | (22) |
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Centripetal Acceleration: Changing Direction to Move in a Circle |
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120 | (3) |
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Keeping a constant speed with uniform circular motion |
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120 | (2) |
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Finding the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration |
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122 | (1) |
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Seeking the Center: Centripetal Force |
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123 | (5) |
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Looking at the force you need |
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123 | (1) |
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Seeing how the mass, velocity, and radius affect centripetal force |
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124 | (1) |
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Negotiating flat curves and banked turns |
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125 | (3) |
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Getting Angular with Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration |
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128 | (3) |
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Measuring angles in radians |
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128 | (1) |
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Relating linear and angular motion |
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129 | (2) |
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Letting Gravity Supply Centripetal Force |
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131 | (6) |
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Using Newton's law of universal gravitation |
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131 | (1) |
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Deriving the force of gravity on the Earth's surface |
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132 | (1) |
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Using the law of gravitation to examine circular orbits |
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133 | (4) |
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Looping the Loop: Vertical Circular Motion |
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137 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Go with the Flow: Looking at Pressure in Fluids |
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141 | (24) |
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Mass Density: Getting Some Inside Information |
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142 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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Comparing densities with specific gravity |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (7) |
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Looking at units of pressure |
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144 | (1) |
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Connecting pressure to changes in depth |
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145 | (4) |
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Hydraulic machines: Passing on pressure with Pascal's principle |
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149 | (2) |
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Buoyancy: Float Your Boat with Archimedes's Principle |
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151 | (2) |
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Fluid Dynamics: Going with Fluids in Motion |
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153 | (3) |
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Characterizing the type of flow |
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154 | (2) |
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Picturing flow with streamlines |
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156 | (1) |
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Getting Up to Speed on Flow and Pressure |
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156 | (11) |
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The equation of continuity: Relating pipe size and flow rates |
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157 | (3) |
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Bernoulli's equation: Relating speed and pressure |
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160 | (1) |
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Pipes and pressure: Putting it all together |
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160 | (5) |
| Part 3: Manifesting The Energy To Work |
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165 | (108) |
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Chapter 9 Getting Some Work Out of Physics |
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167 | (24) |
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167 | (6) |
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Working on measurement systems |
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168 | (1) |
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Pushing your weight: Applying force in the direction of movement |
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168 | (2) |
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Using a tow rope: Applying force at an angle |
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170 | (2) |
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Negative work: Applying force opposite the direction of motion |
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172 | (1) |
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Making a Move: Kinetic Energy |
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173 | (4) |
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The work-energy theorem: Turning work into kinetic energy |
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173 | (1) |
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Using the kinetic energy equation |
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174 | (1) |
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Calculating changes in kinetic energy by using net force |
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175 | (2) |
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Energy in the Bank: Potential Energy |
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177 | (3) |
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To new heights: Gaining potential energy by working against gravity |
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178 | (1) |
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Achieving your potential: Converting potential energy into kinetic energy |
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179 | (1) |
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Choose Your Path: Conservative versus Nonconservative Forces |
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180 | (1) |
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Keeping the Energy Up: The Conservation of Mechanical Energy |
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181 | (4) |
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Shifting between kinetic and potential energy |
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181 | (3) |
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The mechanical-energy balance: Finding velocity and height |
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184 | (1) |
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Powering Up: The Rate of Doing Work |
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185 | (6) |
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Using common units of power |
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186 | (1) |
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Doing alternate calculations of power |
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187 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Putting Objects in Motion: Momentum and Impulse |
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191 | (20) |
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Looking at the Impact of Impulse |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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The Impulse-Momentum Theorem: Relating Impulse and Momentum |
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193 | (4) |
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Shooting pool: Finding force from impulse and momentum |
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195 | (1) |
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Singing in the rain: An impulsive activity |
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196 | (1) |
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When Objects Go Bonk: Conserving Momentum |
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197 | (5) |
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Deriving the conservation formula |
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198 | (1) |
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Finding velocity with the conservation of momentum |
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199 | (1) |
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Finding firing velocity with the conservation of momentum |
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200 | (2) |
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When Worlds (Or Cars) Collide: Elastic and Inelastic Collisions |
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202 | (9) |
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Determining whether a collision is elastic |
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203 | (1) |
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Colliding elastically along a line |
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204 | (2) |
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Colliding elastically in two dimensions |
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206 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 Winding Up with Angular Kinetics |
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211 | (26) |
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Going from Linear to Rotational Motion |
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212 | (1) |
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Understanding Tangential Motion |
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213 | (5) |
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Finding tangential velocity |
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213 | (2) |
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Finding tangential acceleration |
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215 | (1) |
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Finding centripetal acceleration |
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216 | (2) |
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Applying Vectors to Rotation |
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218 | (3) |
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Calculating angular velocity |
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218 | (1) |
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Figuring angular acceleration |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (6) |
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Mapping out the torque equation |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Figuring out the torque generated |
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225 | (1) |
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Recognizing that torque is a vector |
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226 | (1) |
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Spinning at Constant Velocity: Rotational Equilibrium |
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227 | (10) |
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Determining how much weight Hercules can lift |
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228 | (2) |
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Hanging a flag: A rotational equilibrium problem |
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230 | (2) |
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Ladder safety: Introducing friction into rotational equilibrium |
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232 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Round and Round with Rotational Dynamics |
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237 | (18) |
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Rolling Up Newton's Second Law into Angular Motion |
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237 | (3) |
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Switching force to torque |
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238 | (1) |
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Converting tangential acceleration to angular acceleration |
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239 | (1) |
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Factoring in the moment of inertia |
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239 | (1) |
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Moments of Inertia: Looking into Mass Distribution |
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240 | (6) |
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Merry-go-rounds and torque: A spinning-disk inertia example |
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242 | (2) |
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Angular acceleration and torque: A pulley inertia example |
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244 | (2) |
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Wrapping Your Head around Rotational Work and Kinetic Energy |
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246 | (5) |
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Putting a new spin on work |
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246 | (2) |
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Moving along with rotational kinetic energy |
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248 | (1) |
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Let's roll! Finding rotational kinetic energy on a ramp |
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249 | (2) |
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Can't Stop This: Angular Momentum |
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251 | (4) |
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Conserving angular momentum |
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251 | (1) |
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Satellite orbits: A conservation-of-angular-momentum example |
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252 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Springs 'n' Things: Simple Harmonic Motion |
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255 | (18) |
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Bouncing Back with Hooke's Law |
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255 | (3) |
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Stretching and compressing springs |
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256 | (1) |
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Pushing or pulling back: The spring's restoring force |
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256 | (2) |
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Getting Around to Simple Harmonic Motion |
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258 | (11) |
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Around equilibrium: Examining horizontal and vertical springs |
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258 | (2) |
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Catching the wave: A sine of simple harmonic motion |
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260 | (6) |
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Finding the angular frequency of a mass on a spring |
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266 | (3) |
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Factoring Energy into Simple Harmonic Motion |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
| Part 4: Laying Down The Laws Of Thermodynamics |
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273 | (76) |
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Chapter 14 Turning Up the Heat with Thermodynamics |
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275 | (16) |
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276 | (2) |
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Fahrenheit and Celsius: Working in degrees |
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276 | (1) |
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Zeroing in on the Kelvin scale |
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277 | (1) |
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The Heat Is On: Thermal Expansion |
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278 | (5) |
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Linear expansion: Getting longer |
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278 | (2) |
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Volume expansion: Taking up more space |
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280 | (3) |
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Heat: Going with the Flow (Of Thermal Energy) |
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283 | (8) |
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Getting specific with temperature changes |
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284 | (2) |
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Just a new phase: Adding heat without changing temperature |
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286 | (5) |
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Chapter 15 Here, Take My Coat: How Heat Is Transferred |
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291 | (16) |
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Convection: Letting the Heat Flow |
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291 | (3) |
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Hot fluid rises: Putting fluid in motion with natural convection |
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292 | (1) |
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Controlling the flow with forced convection |
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293 | (1) |
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Too Hot to Handle: Getting in Touch with Conduction |
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294 | (6) |
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Finding the conduction equation |
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295 | (4) |
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Considering conductors and insulators |
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299 | (1) |
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Radiation: Riding the (Electromagnetic) Wave |
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300 | (7) |
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Mutual radiation: Giving and receiving heat |
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301 | (1) |
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Blackbodies: Absorbing and reflecting radiation |
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302 | (5) |
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Chapter 16 In the Best of All Possible Worlds: The Ideal Gas Law |
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307 | (12) |
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Digging into Molecules and Moles with Avogadro's Number |
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308 | (1) |
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Relating Pressure, Volume, and Temperature with the Ideal Gas Law |
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309 | (6) |
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Forging the ideal gas law |
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310 | (2) |
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Working with standard temperature and pressure |
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312 | (1) |
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A breathing problem: Checking your oxygen |
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312 | (1) |
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Boyle's and Charles's laws: Alternative expressions of the ideal gas law |
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313 | (2) |
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Tracking Ideal Gas Molecules with the Kinetic Energy Formula |
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315 | (4) |
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Predicting air molecule speed |
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316 | (1) |
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Calculating kinetic energy in an ideal gas |
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317 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Heat and Work: The Laws of Thermodynamics |
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319 | (30) |
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Getting Temperature with Thermal Equilibrium: the Zeroth Law |
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320 | (1) |
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Conserving Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics |
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320 | (18) |
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Calculating with conservation of energy |
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321 | (3) |
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Staying constant: Isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes |
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324 | (14) |
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Flowing from Hot to Cold: The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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338 | (8) |
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Heat engines: Putting heat to work |
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338 | (3) |
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Limiting efficiency: Carnot says you can't have it all |
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341 | (2) |
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Going against the flow with heat pumps |
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343 | (3) |
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Going Cold: The Third (And Absolute Last) Law of Thermodynamics |
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346 | (3) |
| Part 5: The Part Of Tens |
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349 | (16) |
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Chapter 18 Ten Physics Heroes |
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351 | (6) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Charles-Augustin de Coulomb |
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353 | (1) |
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William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) |
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353 | (1) |
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Marie Salomea Sktodowska Curie |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Chapter 19 Ten Wild Physics Theories |
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357 | (8) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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Heisenberg Says You Can't Be Certain |
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358 | (1) |
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Black Holes Don't Let Light Out |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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Matter and Antimatter Destroy Each Other |
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360 | (1) |
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Supernovas Are the Most Powerful Explosions |
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361 | (1) |
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The Universe Starts with the Big Bang and Ends with the Gnab Gib |
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361 | (1) |
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Microwave Ovens Are Hot Physics |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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365 | (4) |
| Index |
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369 | |
