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xv | |
| About the Authors |
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xvii | |
| Preface |
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xix | |
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1 | (60) |
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2 | (1) |
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Schematic of hazardous liquid pipeline system networks |
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2 | (1) |
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Schematic of natural gas pipeline system networks |
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2 | (1) |
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Hydrocarbon classification of gases and products |
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3 | (1) |
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Typical pipeline construction sequence |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Gas transmission and hazardous liquid pipelines circa 2020 |
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4 | (1) |
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Hazardous liquid pipeline accident heat map, 2010-2020 |
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5 | (1) |
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Gas transmission pipeline incident heat map, 2010-2020 |
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6 | (1) |
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LNG plants connected to natural gas pipeline systems, 2020 |
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7 | (1) |
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CO2-EOR operations and infrastructure in the U.S. circa 2020 |
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8 | (1) |
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Permian Basin CO2 pipeline infrastructure circa 2020 |
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9 | (1) |
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Gulf Coast CO2 pipeline infrastructure circa 2020 |
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10 | (1) |
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Rocky Mountain CO2 pipeline infrastructure circa 2020 |
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11 | (1) |
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Mid-Continent CO2 pipeline infrastructure circa 2020 |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Annual mileage for hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide systems in the United States, 2004-2019 |
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12 | (1) |
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Annual mileage for natural gas transmission and gathering systems in the United States, 1984-2019 |
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13 | (1) |
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Annual mileage for gas distribution systems in the United States, 1984-2019 |
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14 | (1) |
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Billion barrels delivered by liquids pipeline in the United States, 2014-2018 |
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14 | (1) |
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Liquefied natural gas facilities in the United States circa 2020 |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Estimating strength of cable |
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16 | (1) |
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Find the working strength of Manila rope |
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16 | (1) |
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How large should drums and sheaves be for wire rope? |
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16 | (1) |
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Find advantages of block and tackle with pull out friction |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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Strength and weight of popular wire rope |
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20 | (1) |
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Measuring the diameter of wire rope |
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20 | (1) |
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Wire rope: field troubles and their causes |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Determine length of a V-belt |
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22 | (1) |
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Calculate stress in shaft key |
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23 | (1) |
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Estimate the horsepower that can be transmitted by a shaft |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Surface and volume formula |
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25 | (1) |
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Recommended drill sizes for self-tapping screws |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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ASTM standard reinforcing bars |
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27 | (1) |
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Pressure rating for carbon steel flanges |
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27 | (1) |
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How to estimate length of material contained in roll |
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27 | (1) |
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Convenient antifreeze chart for winterizing cooling systems |
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28 | (1) |
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How to determine glycol requirements for desired protection |
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28 | (1) |
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Weight in pounds of round steel shafting |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Tap drills and clearance drills for machine screws |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Drill sizes for pipe taps |
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32 | (1) |
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Carbon steel---color and approximate temperature |
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32 | (1) |
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Bolting dimensions for flanges |
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33 | (4) |
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Flange bolt tightening sequence |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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ANSI forged steel flanges |
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39 | (1) |
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Trenching and excavation safety |
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40 | (3) |
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Reuniting separated mercury in thermometers |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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How to cut odd-angle long radius elbows |
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44 | (1) |
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How to read land descriptions |
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45 | (2) |
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Size an air receiver for engine starting |
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47 | (1) |
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Dimensions of hex nuts and hex jam nuts |
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48 | (1) |
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Color codes for locating underground utilities |
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49 | (1) |
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Approximate angle of repose for sloping sides of excavations |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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How is pipeline manufactured? |
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51 | (4) |
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How to designate and classify PE piping materials |
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55 | (3) |
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Pipeline books published after 2000 |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (64) |
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62 | (1) |
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Project scoping data worksheet for major facilities |
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62 | (2) |
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Clearing and grading right-of-way: labor/equipment considerations |
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64 | (1) |
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Estimating man hours for removing trees |
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64 | (1) |
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Estimating man hours for removing tree stumps |
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65 | (1) |
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Clearing and grading right-of-way |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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How many cubic yards of excavation in a mile of ditch? |
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66 | (1) |
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Shrinkage and expansion of excavated and compacted soil |
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66 | (1) |
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Ditching and trenching: labor/equipment considerations |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Determination of soil type |
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68 | (1) |
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Test equipment and methods for evaluating soil type |
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68 | (8) |
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OSHA trench box requirements |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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How to determine the degrees of bend in a pipe that must fit a ditch calling for a bend in both horizontal and vertical planes |
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78 | (1) |
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How to bend a pipe to fit a ditch |
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78 | (1) |
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Pipe bending computations made with a calculator |
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79 | (1) |
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Calculate maximum bend on cold pipe |
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80 | (2) |
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Determine length of a pipe bend |
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82 | (1) |
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Length of pipe in arc subtended by any angle |
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82 | (1) |
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Linear feet of pipelay per 10 h day in trench in level, rock-free terrain |
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83 | (1) |
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Linear feet of pipelay per 10-hour day on waist-high supports on level ground |
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84 | (1) |
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Allowable pipe span between supports |
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84 | (1) |
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How engineers make pipe fit the ditch |
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85 | (3) |
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How to lower an existing pipeline that is still in service |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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When should steel be preheated before welding? |
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91 | (1) |
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Welding and brazing temperatures |
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92 | (1) |
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Mechanical properties of pipe welding rods |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Reasons for rejecting a pipeweld and ways to reduce reject rates |
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93 | (9) |
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How many welds will the average welder make per hour? |
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102 | (1) |
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How much welding rod is required for a mile of schedule 40 pipeline? |
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102 | (1) |
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How many pounds of electrodes are required per weld on line pipe? |
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102 | (1) |
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Welding criteria permit safe and effective pipeline repair |
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103 | (6) |
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Cross-country pipeline---vertical down electrode consumption, pounds of electrode per joint |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Guidelines for a successful directional crossing bid package |
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110 | (8) |
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118 | (1) |
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Simplified installation guidelines for PE pipe |
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118 | (2) |
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How to construct a trench for PE piping |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (34) |
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126 | (5) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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Calculation of pipe bends |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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Chart of deflection of horizontal pipelines |
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138 | (1) |
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American standard taper pipe threads (NPT) |
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139 | (1) |
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British standard taper pipe threads |
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140 | (1) |
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Normal engagement between male and female threads to make tight joints |
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141 | (1) |
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Calculate pipe weight, contents, velocity |
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141 | (1) |
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Formulas and constants for tubular goods problems |
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142 | (1) |
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How to calculate the contraction or expansion of a pipeline |
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143 | (1) |
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Estimate weight of pipe in metric tons per kilometer |
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143 | (1) |
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How to find pipe weight from outside diameter and wall thickness |
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144 | (1) |
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What is the maximum allowable length of unsupported line pipe? |
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144 | (1) |
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Identify the schedule number of pipe by direct measurement |
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144 | (1) |
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Determine buoyancy of bare steel pipe |
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145 | (1) |
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Determine buoyancy of bare and concrete-coated steel pipe in water and mud |
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145 | (1) |
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Weights of piping materials |
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146 | (1) |
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Allowable working pressure for carbon steel pipe |
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147 | (1) |
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Find the stress in pipe wall due to internal pressure |
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148 | (1) |
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How to calculate stress in above ground/below ground transitions |
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148 | (4) |
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How to identify the series number of flanged fittings |
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152 | (1) |
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Dimensions of three-diameter ells with tangents |
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152 | (1) |
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Spectacle blind thicknesses |
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152 | (1) |
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Carbon dioxide pipeline design |
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153 | (6) |
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159 | (24) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Size portable electric generators |
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163 | (1) |
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Typical wattages for tools and appliances |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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National Electrical Code tables |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (1) |
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Full-load currents---single-phase transformers |
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169 | (1) |
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Conduit size for combinations of cables with different outside diameters |
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170 | (2) |
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Minimum bending radius for insulated cables for permanent training during installation |
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170 | (1) |
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Full-load currents---three-phase transformers |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Voltage drop on circuits using 600 V copper conductors in steel conduit |
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173 | (1) |
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Determine the most economical size for electric power conductors |
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173 | (1) |
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How to find the resistance and weight of copper wires |
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174 | (1) |
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What you should remember about electrical formulas |
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174 | (1) |
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How to calculate microwave hops on level ground |
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174 | (1) |
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Quick determination of hp per ampere for induction motors (3 phase) at different voltages |
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175 | (1) |
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Chart of electric motor horsepower for pumping units |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Floodlighting calculations |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Conductor size conversion chart---metric to AWG |
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179 | (1) |
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Commonly used switchgear device numbers |
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180 | (1) |
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Bonding the grounding system to building and structure foundations |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (34) |
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History of gas pipeline pressure test requirements |
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184 | (5) |
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The benefits and limitations of hydrostatic testing |
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189 | (10) |
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Hydrostatic testing for pipelines |
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199 | (5) |
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Volume of water required to fill test section |
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204 | (1) |
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Volume of water required at test pressure |
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205 | (1) |
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How to use charts for estimating the amount of pressure change for a change in test water temperature |
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206 | (3) |
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Compressibility factor for water |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Pressure testing and recordkeeping requirements --- reconciling historical practices with new requirements |
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209 | (8) |
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6 Pigging, Cleaning & Drying |
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217 | (30) |
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A brief history of pipeline pigging |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (7) |
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Cleaning and construction utility pigs |
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226 | (6) |
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Pipeline dewatering, cleaning, and drying |
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232 | (4) |
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236 | (2) |
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Commissioning ethylene pipelines |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (38) |
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Control valve sizing formulas |
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248 | (4) |
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Sizing control valves for throughput |
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252 | (5) |
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257 | (2) |
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Relief valve sizing, selection, installation, and testing |
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259 | (4) |
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Rupture disk sizing methodologies |
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263 | (1) |
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Rupture disk sizing using the resistance to flow method (KR) |
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264 | (2) |
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Variable orifice rotary control valves |
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266 | (2) |
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Basic valve flow-capacity coefficient (Cυ) |
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268 | (4) |
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Visualize pump and control valve interaction |
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272 | (6) |
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Avoid cavitation in butterfly valves |
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278 | (3) |
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How to read a regulator flow curve |
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281 | (4) |
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285 | (68) |
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Types of corrosion and control methods |
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286 | (2) |
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Fundamentals of pipeline corrosion |
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288 | (14) |
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NAPCA specification designations for coal tar enamel coatings |
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302 | (1) |
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NAPCA standard applied pipe coating weights |
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302 | (2) |
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NAPCA specifications for pipeline wrappers |
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304 | (1) |
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How much primer for a mile of pipe? |
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304 | (1) |
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How much coal-tar enamel for a mile of pipe? |
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305 | (1) |
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How much wrapping for a mile of pipe? |
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305 | (1) |
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Estimating coating and wrapping materials per mile of pipe |
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305 | (1) |
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Coefficient of friction for pipe coating materials |
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306 | (2) |
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Troubleshooting magnesium anode cathodic protection systems |
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308 | (1) |
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Cathodic protection for pipelines |
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309 | (8) |
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Estimate the pounds of sacrificial anode material required for offshore pipelines |
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317 | (2) |
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Comparison of other reference electrode potentials with that of copper-copper sulfate reference electrode at 25 °C |
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319 | (1) |
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Chart aids in calculating ground bed resistance and rectifier power cost |
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320 | (1) |
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How can output of magnesium anodes be predicted? |
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321 | (1) |
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How to determine the efficiency of a cathodic protection rectifier? |
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321 | (1) |
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How to calculate the voltage drop in ground bed cable quickly |
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322 | (1) |
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What spacing for test leads to measure current on a pipeline? |
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322 | (1) |
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How to estimate the number of magnesium anodes required and their spacing for a bare line or for a corrosion "hot spot"? |
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323 | (1) |
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How can resistivity of freshwater be determined from chemical analysis? |
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323 | (1) |
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What will be the resistance to earth of a single graphite anode? |
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324 | (1) |
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What will be the resistance to earth of a group of graphite anodes, in terms of the resistance of a single anode? |
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324 | (1) |
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How can the current output of magnesium rod used for the cathodic protection of heat exchanger shells be predicted? |
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324 | (1) |
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How many magnesium anodes are needed for supplementary protection to a short-circuited bare casing? |
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324 | (1) |
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Group installation of sacrificial anodes |
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325 | (1) |
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How to find the voltage rating of a rectifier if it is to deliver a given amount of current through a given ground bed? |
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325 | (1) |
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Determining current requirements for coated fines |
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326 | (1) |
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Determine current requirements for coated lines when pipe-to-soil potential values are estimated |
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326 | (1) |
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HVDC effects on pipelines |
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327 | (4) |
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Troubleshooting bed cathodic protection systems |
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331 | (1) |
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How to control corrosion at compressor stations |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Advances in pipeline protection |
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334 | (5) |
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Estimate the number of squares of tape for pipe coating |
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339 | (1) |
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Estimate the amount of primer required for tape |
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340 | (1) |
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Tape requirements for fittings |
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340 | (1) |
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Induced AC voltages on pipelines may present a serious hazard |
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341 | (2) |
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Minimizing shock hazards on pipelines near HVAC lines |
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343 | (1) |
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Corrosion of low-velocity, high water cut oil emulsion pipelines |
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344 | (2) |
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Pipeline external corrosion direct assessment process |
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346 | (7) |
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353 | (46) |
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354 | (2) |
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Calculate gas properties from a gas analysis |
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356 | (4) |
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Physical properties of selected hydrocarbons and other chemicals and gases |
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360 | (8) |
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How to calculate the specific gravity of natural gas |
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368 | (1) |
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What are the four different types of heating value? |
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368 | (1) |
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How to calculate the heating value of natural gas |
|
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369 | (1) |
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Nomograph for calculating density and specific volume of gases and vapors |
|
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370 | (1) |
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Considerations for selecting energy measurement equipment |
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371 | (6) |
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Facts about methane and its behavior |
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377 | (4) |
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Conversion table for pure methane |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (14) |
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Glossary of common gas industry terms |
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396 | (3) |
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399 | (34) |
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400 | (1) |
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Performance calculations for reciprocating compressors |
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401 | (2) |
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Estimate suction and discharge volume bottle sizes for pulsation control for reciprocating compressors |
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403 | (2) |
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Compression horsepower determination |
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405 | (2) |
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Generalized compressibility factor |
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407 | (1) |
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Nomograph aids in diagnosing compressor cylinder ills |
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408 | (1) |
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Centrifugal compressor performance calculations |
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409 | (4) |
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Nomographs for estimating compressor performance |
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413 | (5) |
|
Estimate horsepower required to compress natural gas |
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418 | (1) |
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Estimate compressor horsepower where discharge pressure is 1000 psi |
|
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418 | (1) |
|
Calculate brake horsepower required to compress gas |
|
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419 | (1) |
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How can we find the size of a fuel gas line for a compressor station? |
|
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419 | (1) |
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Estimate engine cooling water requirements |
|
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420 | (1) |
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Performance testing guidelines for centrifugal compressors |
|
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421 | (12) |
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433 | (28) |
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Gas pipeline hydraulics calculations |
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434 | (1) |
|
Equivalent lengths for multiple lines based on Panhandle A |
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435 | (1) |
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Determine pressure loss for a low-pressure gas system |
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436 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for determining pipe-equivalent factors |
|
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437 | (1) |
|
How much gas is contained in a given line section? |
|
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438 | (1) |
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How to estimate equivalent length factors for gas lines |
|
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438 | (1) |
|
Estimating comparative capacities of gas pipelines |
|
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439 | (1) |
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Determination of leakage from gas line using pressure drop method |
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439 | (1) |
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A quick way to determine the size of gas gathering lines |
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440 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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How to estimate time required to get a shut-in test on gas transmission lines |
|
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441 | (1) |
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How to approximate a maximum acceptable pressure loss for new lines |
|
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441 | (1) |
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Estimate pipe size requirements for increasing throughput volumes of natural gas |
|
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442 | (1) |
|
Calculate line loss using cross-sectional areas table when testing mains with air or gas |
|
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443 | (1) |
|
Flow of fuel gases in pipelines |
|
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444 | (1) |
|
Calculate the velocity of gas in a pipeline |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Determining throat pressure in a blow-down system |
|
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445 | (1) |
|
Estimate the amount of gas blown off through a line puncture |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
A practical way to calculate gas flow for pipelines |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
How to calculate the weight of gas in a pipeline |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Estimate average pressure in gas pipeline using upstream and downstream pressures |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Chart for determining viscosity of natural gas |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Fanning equation for gas flow |
|
|
448 | (4) |
|
|
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452 | (5) |
|
Nomograph for calculating Reynolds number for compressible flow friction factor for clean steel and wrought iron pipe |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
|
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461 | (30) |
|
Determining the viscosity of crude |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Liquid gravity and density conversion chart |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for calculating viscosities of liquid hydrocarbons at high pressure |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Calculate viscosity of a blend |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Viscosity of a mixture of liquids using blending index |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Calculate specific gravity of a blend |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Convert specific gravity to API gravity |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Viscosities of hydrocarbon liquids |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for calculating viscosity of slurries |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in pipes |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for calculating velocity of compressible fluids in pipes |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in pipes |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
Table gives velocity heads for various pipe diameters and different rates of discharge |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Derivation of basic ultrasonic flow equations |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
How fast does oil move in a pipeline? |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Estimate the volume of a pipeline per linear foot using the inside diameter |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
What is the linefill of a given pipe in barrels per mile? |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Estimate leakage amount through small holes in a pipeline |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Carbon capture and sequestration processes |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
CO2 pipeline infrastructure in the United States |
|
|
479 | (7) |
|
Effect of variability on CO2 pipeline operation |
|
|
486 | (5) |
|
|
|
491 | (54) |
|
Marine hose pressure loss |
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
Pressure loss in hose string |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
Pressure drop formula for rubber hose |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Example of pressure drop calculations for rubber hose |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Formulas for calculating pressure drop and flow rates for pipelines |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
Using and computing hydraulic gradients |
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
What are equivalent lengths? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Pressure drop in series systems |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Pressure drop in looped systems |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Calculate pressure loss in annular sections |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Calculate pressure and temperature loss for viscous crudes ≥ 1,000 cP |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Determine batch injection rate as per enclosure |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Pressure loss through valves and fittings |
|
|
509 | (6) |
|
Nomograph for calculating Reynolds number for clean steel and wrought iron pipe |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
Nomograph for calculating pressure drop of liquids in lines for turbulent flow |
|
|
517 | (4) |
|
|
|
521 | (3) |
|
How to estimate the rate of liquid discharge from a pipe |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Predict subsurface temperature ranges |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Sizing pipelines for water flow |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
How approximate throughput of a line can be estimated from pipe size |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Estimate crude gathering line throughput for a given pipe diameter |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
How to determine head loss due to friction in ordinary iron pipeline carrying clear water |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
How to size lines, estimate pressure drop, and estimate optimum station spacing for crude systems |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
How to size crude oil and products lines for capacity increases |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
What is the hydrostatic pressure due to a column of liquid H feet in height? |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
How to determine the maximum surge pressure in liquid-filled pipeline when a valve is suddenly closed |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Transient pressure analysis |
|
|
528 | (10) |
|
Hydraulics calculations for multiphase systems, including networks |
|
|
538 | (7) |
|
|
|
545 | (80) |
|
|
|
546 | (12) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Variable speed or impeller trim? |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Pulsation control for reciprocating pumps |
|
|
560 | (9) |
|
Rotary pumps on pipeline services |
|
|
569 | (5) |
|
Centrifugal pump parameters and applications |
|
|
574 | (5) |
|
How to examine centrifugal pump systems |
|
|
579 | (5) |
|
Estimate the discharge of a centrifugal pump at various speeds |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
How to estimate the head for an average centrifugal pump |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Find the reciprocating pump capacity |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
How to estimate the hp required to pump at a given rate at a desired discharge pressure |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for determining reciprocating pump capacity |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for determining specific speed of pumps |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Nomograph for determining horsepower requirement of pumps |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
How to select motors for field-gathering pumps |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
How a reciprocating pump works |
|
|
589 | (9) |
|
Understanding the basics of rotary screw pumps |
|
|
598 | (6) |
|
How to evaluate VFD speed on hydraulics |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (7) |
|
The basics of NPSH and pump operating regions |
|
|
614 | (3) |
|
Reading a centrifugal pump curve |
|
|
617 | (3) |
|
Navigating pump curves: a roadmap to reliability |
|
|
620 | (5) |
|
|
|
625 | (84) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Pipeline flow measurement factors |
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
Liquid measurement orifice plate flange taps |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
Mass measurement light hydrocarbons |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Pipeline measurement of supercritical carbon dioxide |
|
|
633 | (6) |
|
Master meter proving orifice meters in dense phase ethylene |
|
|
639 | (7) |
|
Gas or vapor flow measurement---orifice plate flange taps |
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
Properties of gas and vapors |
|
|
648 | (2) |
|
Determine required orifice diameter for any required differential when the orifice and differential are known |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Estimate the temperature drop across a regulator |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Estimate natural gas flow rates |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
How to estimate the average pressure differential on the remaining meter runs of a parallel system |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
Sizing a gas metering run |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
Determine the number of purges for sample cylinders |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Find the British thermal units when the specific gravity of a pipeline gas is known |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Make quick calculation of the gas flow through orifice meters |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
How to measure high pressure gas |
|
|
654 | (4) |
|
Four ways to calculate orifice flow in field |
|
|
658 | (3) |
|
Practical maintenance tips for positive displacement meters |
|
|
661 | (4) |
|
Sizing headers for meter stations |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
Measuring flow of high-viscosity liquids |
|
|
668 | (5) |
|
Matching the flow meter to the application |
|
|
673 | (7) |
|
Use liquid ultrasonic meters for custody transfer |
|
|
680 | (5) |
|
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
How do Coriolis flow meters work? |
|
|
687 | (2) |
|
Proving liquid ultrasonic flow meters for custody transfer measurement |
|
|
689 | (11) |
|
|
|
700 | (6) |
|
Sampling and testing program for unrefined petroleum-based products |
|
|
706 | (3) |
|
|
|
709 | (36) |
|
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
Developments in pipeline instrumentation |
|
|
712 | (14) |
|
Automatic tank gauging systems and proof testing |
|
|
726 | (11) |
|
Instrumentation and sensors for automatic tank gauging |
|
|
737 | (8) |
|
|
|
745 | (74) |
|
Overview of leak detection technologies |
|
|
746 | (4) |
|
Inspection tools and case studies |
|
|
750 | (10) |
|
Factors to consider when evaluating damage on pipelines |
|
|
760 | (6) |
|
Understanding mechanical damage in pipelines |
|
|
766 | (8) |
|
Understanding stress corrosion cracking in pipelines |
|
|
774 | (9) |
|
When does a pipeline need revalidation? |
|
|
783 | (9) |
|
Modeling pipeline risk assessment |
|
|
792 | (5) |
|
A risk management tool for establishing budget priorities |
|
|
797 | (5) |
|
Floating roof failure modes and risk |
|
|
802 | (10) |
|
Floating roof tanks rainfall risk |
|
|
812 | (7) |
|
|
|
819 | (120) |
|
Classification of storage tanks |
|
|
820 | (6) |
|
What is the difference between fixed and floating tank types? |
|
|
826 | (4) |
|
Tank styles and appurtenances |
|
|
830 | (4) |
|
Floating roof applications and components |
|
|
834 | (10) |
|
Summary of federal requirements for aboveground storage tanks |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Design and containment for atmospheric storage tanks |
|
|
845 | (6) |
|
Overview of petroleum storage tank standards |
|
|
851 | (19) |
|
Tank weight estimation tool using diameter as input variable |
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
How to estimate roof and framing weight for fixed cone tank |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
Budgetary pricing cost curve of cone roof tanks |
|
|
872 | (1) |
|
How to estimate flow rate from a leaking tank hole |
|
|
873 | (2) |
|
Charts give vapor loss from internal floating-roof tanks |
|
|
875 | (3) |
|
Estimating the contents of horizontal cylindrical tanks |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
How to gauge a horizontal cylindrical tank |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
Correct the volume of light fuels from actual temperature to a base of 60°F |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
Volume of liquid in vertical cylindrical tanks |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
Chart gives tank's vapor formation rate |
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (2) |
|
|
|
884 | (8) |
|
Managing oil movement and storage in tank farms |
|
|
892 | (10) |
|
Standard construction practices for LNG storage tanks |
|
|
902 | (6) |
|
Choosing the best containment for LNG storage |
|
|
908 | (3) |
|
A review of API 2350 overfill protection, 4th and 5th edition |
|
|
911 | (5) |
|
Manual tank gauging procedures |
|
|
916 | (7) |
|
How to apply vapor cloud analysis methodology to tank overfills |
|
|
923 | (9) |
|
Simplified procedure to calculate emissions for liquid organic storage tanks |
|
|
932 | (4) |
|
Calculating tank emissions with BREEZE TankESP |
|
|
936 | (3) |
|
|
|
939 | (22) |
|
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
Simple interest versus compound interest |
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
Nominal interest rate versus effective annual interest rate |
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
Present value of a single cash flow to be received in the future |
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
Future value of a single investment |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
The importance of cash flow diagrams |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
Analyzing and valuing investments/projects with multiple or irregular cash flows |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
Future value of a periodic series of investments |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
Annuities, loans, and leases |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
Gradients (payouts/payments with constant growth rates) |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
Analyzing complex investments and cash flow problems |
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
Decision and Evaluation Criteria |
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
Accounting rate of return (ROR) method |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
Internal rate of return (IRR) method |
|
|
949 | (1) |
|
Net present value (NPV) method |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
|
|
952 | (4) |
|
|
|
956 | (5) |
|
|
|
961 | (64) |
|
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
Cost estimation methods, normalization and data |
|
|
962 | (4) |
|
How to use time and location cost indices |
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
How to adjust pipeline construction cost across time |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
Onshore pipeline construction process |
|
|
968 | (3) |
|
Onshore pipeline construction cost factors |
|
|
971 | (3) |
|
Onshore FERC gas pipeline cost statistics in the United States, 2014-2019 |
|
|
974 | (3) |
|
How to estimate onshore pipeline construction cost using unit costs? |
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
How to estimate cost bounds in onshore pipeline construction in the United States? |
|
|
978 | (1) |
|
Onshore gas pipeline construction cost in the United States, 2017-2019 |
|
|
978 | (2) |
|
How to develop construction cost models using regression |
|
|
980 | (4) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
Offshore pipeline construction process |
|
|
984 | (2) |
|
Offshore pipeline construction cost factors |
|
|
986 | (5) |
|
U.S. Gulf of Mexico pipeline cost statistics, 1995-2019 |
|
|
991 | (4) |
|
How to estimate shallow water pipeline construction cost bounds in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico using empirical data? |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
Offshore pipeline construction cost estimation using work decomposition |
|
|
996 | (6) |
|
|
|
1002 | (1) |
|
Offshore pipeline decommissioning process in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico |
|
|
1002 | (2) |
|
Offshore pipeline decommissioning cost factors |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Offshore pipeline decommissioning cost statistics in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, 1980-2019 |
|
|
1005 | (2) |
|
How to estimate the cost to decommission shallow water pipeline in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico? |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
How to estimate the cost to decommission hurricane-damaged pipeline in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico? |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
How to estimate deepwater pipeline decommissioning cost in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico? |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
How to estimate deepwater umbilical, flowline, and riser decommissioning cost in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico? |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
Typical workflows for offshore pipeline decommissioning |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
|
1010 | (1) |
|
Onshore FERC gas transmission compressor station cost statistics in the United States, 2014-2019 |
|
|
1010 | (3) |
|
How to estimate gas transmission compressor station cost in the United States? |
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
How to compare gas transmission compressor station cost in the United States? |
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
Equipment and process scaling rules |
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
How to estimate equipment cost curves |
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
How to estimate equipment cost using two-factor models |
|
|
1015 | (2) |
|
How to estimate equipment cost curves using two data points |
|
|
1017 | (1) |
|
|
|
1017 | (1) |
|
What are reservation and commodity charges? |
|
|
1017 | (2) |
|
How to calculate firm service with fixed maximum daily quantity and reservation charge? |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
How is the cost of service formula applied? |
|
|
1019 | (4) |
|
How to compute price adjustments in pipeline system quality banks |
|
|
1023 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
Grading the nation: state disclosure policies for lead pipes |
|
|
1026 | (5) |
|
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
Trenching and excavation safety |
|
|
1031 | (2) |
|
|
|
1033 | (2) |
|
Electrical welding safety |
|
|
1035 | (3) |
|
Tank fire types and causes |
|
|
1038 | (2) |
|
Firefighting protection systems for atmospheric storage tanks |
|
|
1040 | (2) |
|
Carbon dioxide pipeline safety and integrity |
|
|
1042 | (2) |
|
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
U.S. natural gas standards and regulations development |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
What are the key performance indicators in the U.S. pipeline industry? |
|
|
1045 | (2) |
|
Oil spills in the United States, 2002-2016 |
|
|
1047 | (2) |
|
Estimating oil spill thickness on water visually |
|
|
1049 | (2) |
|
Fast discharge volume calculator for offshore leaking pipeline |
|
|
1051 | (2) |
|
How to estimate discharge volume for offshore leaking pipeline (fast method) |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Advanced discharge volume calculator for offshore leaking pipeline |
|
|
1053 | (3) |
|
How to estimate discharge volume for offshore leaking pipeline (advanced method) |
|
|
1056 | (2) |
|
Guidelines on oil characterization to inform spill planning and decision making |
|
|
1058 | (8) |
|
Oil spills inland response good practice guidelines |
|
|
1066 | (17) |
|
Calculating volatile organic compounds flash emissions from crude oil and condensate tanks at oil and gas production sites |
|
|
1083 | (6) |
|
|
|
1089 | (58) |
|
Pipeline Steel Specifications |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
API 5L pipeline specifications |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
Main differences between API 5L PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipeline |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
Chemical composition for API 5L PSL 1 welded pipe |
|
|
1092 | (1) |
|
Chemical composition for API 5L PSL 2 welded pipe |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
Tensile property requirements for pipe body of seamless and welded pipe for PSL 1 |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
Tensile property requirements for pipe body of seamless and welded pipe for PSL 2 |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
Pipeline Material Coating Specifications |
|
|
1095 | (1) |
|
External application procedures for plant applied fusion bonded epoxy coatings and abrasion resistant overlay coatings to steel pipe |
|
|
1095 | (4) |
|
External application procedures for coal tar epoxy protective coatings to steel pipe |
|
|
1099 | (3) |
|
External application procedures for polyolefin pipe coating applied by the cross head extrusion method or the side extrusion method to steel pipe |
|
|
1102 | (5) |
|
Exterior application procedures for plant applied tape coatings to steel pipe |
|
|
1107 | (3) |
|
Suggested procedures for coating field joints, fittings, connections, and prefabricated sections using tape coatings |
|
|
1110 | (1) |
|
Suggested procedures for coating field joints using heat-shrinkable materials |
|
|
1111 | (2) |
|
External application procedures for hot applied coal tar coatings to steel pipe |
|
|
1113 | (4) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
Types of fuel specifications |
|
|
1117 | (2) |
|
Transportation fuel specifications |
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
|
|
1119 | (2) |
|
Gasoline fuel specifications |
|
|
1121 | (3) |
|
Aviation gasoline fuel specifications |
|
|
1124 | (2) |
|
|
|
1126 | (5) |
|
Diesel fuel specifications |
|
|
1131 | (5) |
|
Pipeline Product Specifications |
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
NGL products, butane, normal butane |
|
|
1137 | (1) |
|
NGL products, butane, refinery grade butane |
|
|
1138 | (1) |
|
|
|
1139 | (1) |
|
Gasoline, conventional, 85.5 octane (no ethanol) |
|
|
1140 | (1) |
|
Gasoline, conventional, 87 octane (no ethanol) |
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
Gasoline, subgrade, 87 octane after 10% ETOH addition |
|
|
1142 | (1) |
|
Distillate, #1 diesel fuel, ultra-low sulfur (15 ppm max) |
|
|
1143 | (1) |
|
Distillate, #1 diesel fuel, ultra-low sulfur (15 ppm max) |
|
|
1144 | (1) |
|
Distillate, #2 diesel fuel, ultra-low sulfur (15 ppm max) |
|
|
1145 | (2) |
|
|
|
1147 | (20) |
|
Metric conversions---metric to English, English to metric |
|
|
1148 | (1) |
|
|
|
1149 | (1) |
|
General liquid density nomograph |
|
|
1149 | (2) |
|
Chart gives specific gravity/temperature relationship for petroleum oils |
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
Weight density and specific gravity of various liquids |
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
True vapor pressure of crude oil stocks with a Reid vapor pressure of 2---15 psi |
|
|
1152 | (1) |
|
Low temperature vapor pressures for light hydrocarbons |
|
|
1153 | (1) |
|
High temperature vapor pressures for light hydrocarbons |
|
|
1154 | (1) |
|
Hydrocarbon gas viscosity |
|
|
1155 | (1) |
|
Viscosity---equivalents of kinematic and Saybolt Universal Viscosity |
|
|
1156 | (1) |
|
Viscosity---equivalents of kinematic and Saybolt Furol Viscosity at 122 °F and 210 °F |
|
|
1156 | (1) |
|
Viscosity---general conversions |
|
|
1157 | (2) |
|
ASTM standard viscosity temperature chart for liquid petroleum products |
|
|
1159 | (1) |
|
Pressure conversion chart |
|
|
1160 | (1) |
|
|
|
1161 | (1) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Petroleum fuels volume, weight and calorific value factors |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Crude oil approximate conversion factors |
|
|
1163 | (1) |
|
Refined products approximate conversion factors |
|
|
1164 | (1) |
|
Natural gas and LNG approximate conversion factors |
|
|
1164 | (1) |
|
Units and calorific equivalents |
|
|
1165 | (1) |
|
Weight of water per cubic foot at various temperatures |
|
|
1165 | (2) |
| Index |
|
1167 | |
