Plant Nematology [Pehme köide]

The Editors		xi
Contributors		xiii
Preface		xv
PART I. TAXONOMY AND PRINCIPAL GENERA		1	(184)
Structure and Classification		3	(30)
Wilfrida Decraemer
David J. Hunt
Introduction		4	(1)
General Morphology		5	(18)
Life Cycle Stages		23	(3)
Feeding Groups		26	(1)
Classification of Plant-parasitic Nematodes		27	(5)
Common Morphometric Abbreviations		32	(1)
Molecular Taxonomy and Phylogeny		33	(26)
Sergei A. Subbotin
Maurice Moens
Taxonomy and Phylogeny		34	(1)
Species Concepts and Delimiting Species in Nematology		34	(1)
Phylogeny and Classification		35	(1)
Molecular Techniques		36	(9)
Genes Used for Molecular Systematics		45	(2)
Microsatellites		47	(1)
Phylogenetic Inference		47	(3)
Reconstruction of Historical Associations		50	(1)
Databases		51	(1)
Examples of Molecular Phylogenies		51	(8)
Root-knot Nematodes		59	(32)
Gerrit Karssen
Maurice Moens
Introduction to Root-knot Nematodes		60	(1)
Life Cycle and Behaviour		60	(3)
Host Response to Parasitism		63	(3)
Post-infection Biology		66	(2)
Effect on Plant Growth and Yield		68	(1)
Survival		68	(1)
Cytogenetics		69	(2)
General Morphology		71	(2)
Principal Species		73	(12)
Biochemical and Molecular Identification		85	(1)
Interactions with Other Plant Pathogens		86	(2)
Management and Control		88	(3)
Cyst Nematodes		91	(32)
Susan J. Turner
Janet A. Rowe
Introduction to Cyst Nematodes		92	(1)
Life Cycle and Behaviour		92	(6)
The Hatching Process		98	(1)
General Morphology of the Subfamily Heteroderinae		99	(4)
Genera and Principal Species		103	(10)
Pathotypes and Races		113	(2)
Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis		115	(3)
Interactions with Other Plant Pathogens		118	(2)
Management and Control		120	(3)
Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes		123	(30)
Larry W. Duncan
Maurice Moens
Introduction to Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes		124	(1)
The Pratylenchids: Lesion, Burrowing and Rice Root Nematodes		125	(13)
Anguinids and the Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci		138	(4)
Plant-parasitic Aphelenchs		142	(11)
Ectoparasitic Nematodes		153	(32)
Wilfrida Decraemer
Etienne Geraert
Introduction to Ectoparasitic Nematodes		154	(1)
Definition of Ectoparasites/Ectoparasitism		154	(1)
Classification		155	(1)
Tylenchina (Chromadorea, Chromadoria)		155	(11)
Enoplea		166	(13)
Biochemical and Molecular Diagnostics		179	(2)
Ectoparasitic Nematodes as Vectors of Plant Viruses		181	(1)
Management		182	(3)
PART II. NEMATODE BIOLOGY AND PLANT RESPONSES		185	(88)
Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry		187	(23)
Denis J. Wright
Roland N. Perry
Reproduction and Development		188	(4)
Musculature and Neurobiology		192	(2)
Biosynthesis		194	(4)
Respiration and Intermediary Metabolism		198	(2)
Osmotic and Ionic Regulation and Excretion		200	(2)
Survival Strategies		202	(8)
Behaviour and Sensory Perception		210	(24)
A. Forest Robinson
Roland N. Perry
Sense Organs or Sensilla		211	(2)
Undulatory Propulsion		213	(5)
Random Movement		218	(4)
Movement in Response to Stimuli		222	(11)
Other Types of Movement and Behaviour		233	(1)
Molecular Aspects of Plant--Nematode Interactions		234	(21)
Godelieve Gheysen
John T. Jones
Nematode Parasitism of Plants		234	(3)
Invasion and Migration		237	(3)
Wound and Defence Responses of the Plant		240	(1)
Protection from Host Responses		241	(1)
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Nematode Feeding Cells		242	(7)
Nematode Signals for Feeding Site Induction		249	(3)
Comparison Between Cyst and Root-knot Nematodes		252	(1)
Resistance and Avirulence Genes		252	(3)
Genetic Engineering for Resistance		255	(18)
Chris Thomas
Amanda Cottage
Targets in the Nematode--Plant Interaction for Engineered Resistance		256	(1)
Past and Present Engineered Resistance Work		257	(8)
The Need for Promoters		265	(1)
The Role of Reporter Genes		266	(1)
Stacked Defences		267	(1)
The Research Approach to Engineer Resistance		267	(5)
The Future		272	(1)
PART III. QUANTITATIVE NEMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT		273	(138)
Plant Growth and Population Dynamics		275	(27)
Corrie H. Schomaker
Thomas H. Been
Introduction		276	(1)
Relationships of Nematodes with Plants		276	(1)
Predictors of Yield Reduction		276	(2)
Different Response Variables of Nematodes		278	(1)
Stem Nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci)		279	(1)
Root-invading Nematodes		280	(13)
Effect of Nematicides		293	(1)
Validation of the Model		294	(1)
Population Dynamics		295	(7)
Distribution Patterns and Sampling		302	(25)
Thomas H. Been
Corrie H. Schomaker
Introduction		302	(1)
Practical Application		303	(1)
Horizontal Distribution		304	(20)
Vertical Distribution		324	(3)
International Plant Health -- Putting Legislation into Practice		327	(19)
Sue Hockland
Renato N. Inserra
Leah Millar
Paul S. Lehman
Introduction and Terminology		328	(1)
Historical Considerations		329	(2)
International Phytosanitary Frameworks		331	(2)
Early Legislation Enacted against Plant-parasitic Nematodes		333	(1)
International Phytosanitary Initiatives against Plant-parasitic Nematodes		334	(2)
Phytosanitary Problems Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes		336	(1)
Determining the Risk Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes Using Pest Risk Analysis		336	(3)
Phytosanitary Measures for Plant-parasitic Nematodes		339	(1)
Phytosanitary Measures and their Associated Cost:Benefits		340	(3)
Future Challenges for the Control of Regulated Nematodes		343	(1)
Challenges Facing Scientific Advisers and Researchers		343	(3)
Biological and Cultural Management		346	(24)
Nicole Viaene
Danny L. Coyne
Brian R. Kerry
Biological Control		347	(12)
Cultural Management		359	(11)
Resistant Cultivars		370	(22)
Roger Cook
James L. Starr
Introduction		370	(1)
Definitions		371	(2)
Variation and Specificity		373	(5)
Origins and Functions		378	(1)
Exploitation		379	(10)
Successes and Opportunities		389	(3)
Chemical Control of Nematodes		392	(19)
Patrick P.J. Haydock
Simon R. Woods
Ivan G. Grove
Martin C. Hare
History and Development of Nematicides		392	(4)
Active Substances: Chemical Groups and Modes of Action		396	(1)
Formulation and Application		397	(6)
Nematicides in the Environment		403	(2)
Human Safety		405	(3)
Naturally Occurring Nematicides		408	(3)
References		411	(21)
Glossary		432	(8)
Index		440

Roland N Perry (Author, Edited By) Professor Roland Perry is based at the University of Hertfordshire, UK. He graduated with a BSc (Hons) in Zoology from Newcastle University, UK, where he also obtained a PhD in Zoology on physiological aspects of desiccation survival of Ditylenchus spp. After a year's post doctoral research at Newcastle, he moved to Keele University, UK, where he taught Parasitology; after 3 years at Keele, he was appointed to Rothamsted Experimental Station (now Rothamsted Research). His research interests centred primarily on plant-parasitic nematodes, especially focusing on nematode hatching, sensory perception, behaviour and survival physiology, and several of his past PhD and post-doctoral students are currently involved in nematology research. He remained at Rothamsted until 2014, when he moved to the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire. He co-edited The Physiology and Biochemistry of Free-living and Plant-parasitic Nematodes (1998), Root-knot Nematodes (2009), Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nematode Survival (2011), the first (2006) and second (2013) editions of the text book, Plant Nematology and Cyst Nematodes (2018) (all CAB International, UK). He is author or co-author of over 40 book chapters and refereed reviews and over 120 refereed research papers. He is joint Editor-in-Chief of Nematology and Chief Editor of the Russian Journal of Nematology. He is joint Editor of the book series Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. In 2001, he was elected Fellow of the Society of Nematologists (USA) in recognition of his research achievements; in 2008 he was elected Fellow of the European Society of Nematologists for outstanding contribution to the science of Nematology; and in 2011 he was elected Honorary Member of the Russian Society of Nematologists. He is a Visiting Professor at Ghent University, Belgium, where he lectures on nematode biology, focusing on physiology and behaviour.

Maurice Moens (Edited By) - Maurice Moens Professor Maurice Moens is Honorary Director of Research at the Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) at Merelbeke, Belgium and honorary professor at Ghent University, Belgium where he gave a lecture course on Agro-nematology at the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering. He is a past-director of the Post Graduate International Nematology Course (MSc Nematology) and coordinator of the Erasmus Mundus - European Master of Science in Nematology, where he gave five lecture courses on Plant Nematology. The MSc course is organised in the Faculty of Sciences of Ghent University. He graduated as an agricultural engineer from Ghent University and obtained a PhD at the same University on the spread of plant-parasitic nematodes and their management in hydroponic cropping systems. Within the framework of the Belgian Cooperation, he worked from 1972 to 1985 as a researcher in crop protection, including nematology, at two research stations in Tunisia. Upon his return to Belgium, he was appointed as senior nematologist at the Agricultural Research Centre (now ILVO). There, he expanded the research in plant nematology over various areas covering molecular characterization, biology of host-parasite relationships, biological control, resistance and other forms of non-chemical control. He was appointed head of the Crop Protection Department in 2000 and became Director of Research in 2006. He retired from both ILVO and Ghent University in 2012 but continued to supervise PhD students until 2017. In 2001, he was elected Fellow of the Society of Nematologists (USA) for outstanding contributions to Nematology; in the same year he was elected Fellow of the European Society of Nematologists for outstanding contribution to the science of Nematology. In 2012 he was elected Honorary Fellow of the Chinese Society for Plant Nematology, and in 2013 he became Honorary Member of the Russian Society of Nematologists. He supervised 27 PhD students, who are active in nematology all over the world. He is past-president of the European Society of Nematologists (2010-2014). He co-edited Root-knot Nematodes (2009) and the first (2006) and second (2013) editions of the text book, Plant Nematology. He is author or co-author of ten book chapters and refereed reviews and over 150 refereed research papers. He is a member of the editorial board of the Russian Journal of Nematology.