| Preface |
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xiii | |
| About the Authors |
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xv | |
| Contributors |
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xvii | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
| Introduction |
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xxi | |
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PART I GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY |
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1 | (36) |
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1 What is a Plant Disease? |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Phytobiomes and Microbiomes |
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9 | (1) |
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Impacts of Plant Diseases |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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2 History of Plant Pathology |
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11 | (8) |
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Early History of Plant Diseases |
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11 | (1) |
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The Modern Era: Evolution of the Germ Theory |
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12 | (3) |
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Plant Pathology Becomes a Science |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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3 The Disease Cycle and Lifestyles |
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19 | (18) |
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19 | (1) |
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Lifestyles in Plant-Pathogen Interactions |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (10) |
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32 | (2) |
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Monocyclic and Polycyclic Pathogens |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (146) |
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41 | (34) |
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Hans Jergen Lyngs Jorgensen |
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41 | (3) |
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Classification of Kingdom Fungi (Eumycota) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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Phylum Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) |
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48 | (13) |
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Phylum Basidiomycota (Club Fungi) |
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61 | (12) |
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From `Imperfect Fungi' to `One Fungus, One Name' |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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5 Fungal-Like Plant Pathogens |
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75 | (14) |
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Hans Jergen Lyngs Jorgensen |
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What are Fungal-Like Plant Pathogens? |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (9) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (1) |
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6 Bacterial Plant Pathogens |
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89 | (18) |
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Plant-Associated Bacteria |
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89 | (1) |
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Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria |
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90 | (2) |
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Pathogenic Bacteria |
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92 | (3) |
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Dispersal of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Infection Mechanisms and Pathogenicity Determinants |
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97 | (1) |
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Lifestyles of Model Plant Pathogenic Bacteria |
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98 | (3) |
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Important Bacterial Diseases |
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101 | (5) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (25) |
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107 | (2) |
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Plant Virus Genera and Families |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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Detection and Identification |
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116 | (5) |
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Virus Transmission and Epidemiology |
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121 | (5) |
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126 | (5) |
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131 | (1) |
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8 Nematodes as Plant Pathogens |
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132 | (32) |
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General Characteristics of Nematodes |
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132 | (2) |
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Systematics of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes |
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134 | (1) |
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Morphology of a Plant-Parasitic Nematode |
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134 | (2) |
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Feeding Groups of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes |
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136 | (13) |
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Plant-Parasitic Nematodes as Plant Pathogens |
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149 | (3) |
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Field Symptoms of Nematodes |
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152 | (7) |
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Nematodes as Parts of Disease Complexes |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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9 Diagnosis of Plant Diseases |
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164 | (19) |
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164 | (2) |
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Abiotic Causes of Disorders |
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166 | (4) |
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170 | (1) |
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Classical Procedures for Diagnosis |
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171 | (4) |
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Detection of Seedborne Pathogens |
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175 | (1) |
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Molecular Diagnosis Using Laboratory Facilities |
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175 | (4) |
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In-field Diagnostic Tests |
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179 | (1) |
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Diagnostic Laboratories and Plant Clinics |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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Part III PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS FROM GENES TO POPULATIONS |
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183 | (78) |
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10 Mechanisms of Pathogenicity |
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185 | (20) |
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185 | (1) |
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Pathogenicity Genes and their Products |
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185 | (4) |
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The Pathogenicity Factors |
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189 | (14) |
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203 | (2) |
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11 Plant Defence Against Pathogens |
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205 | (11) |
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Disease Resistance and Defence Against Pathogens |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (2) |
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The Hypersensitive Response: Programmed Cell Death |
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209 | (1) |
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Antimicrobial Metabolites: Phytoalexins and Phytoanticipins |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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Genes/Proteins of Unknown Function |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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12 Race Specificity and Plant Immunity |
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216 | (18) |
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The Regulation and Inheritance of Plant Defences |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (6) |
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Cloning of Resistance Genes |
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222 | (7) |
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Mutation as a Tool for Studying Disease Resistance |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (2) |
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13 Population Genetics in Plant-Pathogen Interactions |
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234 | (9) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Population Biology of Plant Pathogens |
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235 | (1) |
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Genetic Structure of a Pathogen Population |
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235 | (1) |
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Measurement of Genetic Variation in Pathogen Populations |
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236 | (2) |
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The Five Evolutionary Forces |
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238 | (1) |
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Population Genetics of Phytophthora infestans |
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239 | (1) |
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Population Genetics of Rusts |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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14 Epidemiology: Disease in Plant Populations |
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243 | (18) |
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243 | (4) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (3) |
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Modifications of the Logistic Equation: Back to Biology |
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252 | (3) |
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255 | (4) |
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259 | (2) |
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Part IV DISEASE MANAGEMENT |
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261 | (116) |
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15 Cultural Practices for Disease Management |
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265 | (15) |
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What are Cultural Practices? |
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265 | (1) |
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Pathogen-free Propagation Material |
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265 | (2) |
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Removal of Infected Plants or Infested Plant Debris |
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267 | (2) |
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Removal of Alternative and Alternate Hosts |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Hygiene: Tools and Machinery |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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Soil and Water Management |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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Sowing, Planting, Weeding, Planting Site |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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16 Chemical Plant Disease Control |
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280 | (9) |
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The Role of Fungicides in Plant Disease Management |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Classification of Fungicides |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (4) |
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288 | (1) |
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17 Biological Control of Plant Diseases |
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289 | (18) |
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Introduction and Definition of Biological Control |
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289 | (1) |
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How to Select a Good Biological Control Agent? |
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290 | (2) |
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Mechanisms of Biological Control |
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292 | (2) |
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Direct Biological Control Interactions |
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294 | (3) |
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Indirect Control of Plant Diseases |
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297 | (2) |
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Importance of Understanding the Plant Host/Disease Cycle for Optimal Biological Control |
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299 | (2) |
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Production, Formulation and Delivery |
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301 | (2) |
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Legislation and Risk Assessment |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (2) |
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18 Disease Management Strategies Using Host Resistance |
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307 | (14) |
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Host Resistance Based on Resistance Genes |
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307 | (7) |
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Disease Management Strategies Using Host Resistance |
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314 | (6) |
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320 | (1) |
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19 Biotechnology for Plant Disease Control |
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321 | (9) |
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Application of Biotechnological Tools for Plant Disease Control |
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321 | (2) |
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Antimicrobial Metabolites |
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323 | (1) |
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Regulating Plant Immunity |
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324 | (1) |
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Tools for Plant Breeding, Biological and Chemical Control |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Summary and Some Predictions |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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20 From Disease Assessment to Decision Support Systems |
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330 | (27) |
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330 | (6) |
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336 | (6) |
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342 | (3) |
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Thresholds (Action Before Damage) |
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345 | (3) |
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348 | (7) |
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355 | (2) |
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21 Integrated Pest Management |
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357 | (9) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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Steps of Integrated Pest Management |
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359 | (1) |
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General Principles of Integrated Pest Management |
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360 | (1) |
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Integrated Pest Management Guidelines |
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361 | (2) |
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Evaluation of the Impact of Integrated Pest Management |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (1) |
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22 Plant Health Legislation |
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366 | (11) |
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Why do we Have a Chapter on Law and Regulations in a Book on Plant Pathology? |
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366 | (1) |
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Background of International Plant Health Regulations |
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366 | (1) |
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International Conventions and Organizations |
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367 | (2) |
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Regional Plant Protection Regulations and Bodies in Europe |
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369 | (3) |
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372 | (1) |
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Pest Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment |
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373 | (3) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (10) |
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23 Plant Pathology in a Changing World |
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379 | (8) |
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379 | (1) |
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Agriculture in the Future |
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379 | (1) |
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Challenges for Future Food Security |
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380 | (1) |
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Future Plant Disease Challenges |
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381 | (1) |
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Future Disease Management - Educated Guesses |
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382 | (4) |
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386 | (1) |
| Appendix 1 Glossary |
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387 | (27) |
| Appendix 2 Molecular Methods and Terms Relevant for Plant Pathology |
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414 | (3) |
| Taxonomic Index of Pathogens, Vectors and Biocontrol Agents |
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417 | (4) |
| General Index |
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421 | |