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Poor Paul: L Vocalisation and the Process of Syllable-Coda Weakening New edition [Pehme köide]

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Poor Paul: L Vocalisation and the Process of Syllable-Coda Weakening New editionSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783631569139.html
Märksõnad:
L Vocalisation (milk [ miuk]) originated in London a century ago and contributes to the linguistic phenomenon of «Dialect Levelling». This study investigates L Vocalisation in the speech of the middle classes and reveals its widespread acceptance. The social factors Age and Gender are significant: young male adults are in the lead. L Vocalisation prevails in the speech of people in the South of England with regional links to urban areas. Back vowels encourage this process, whilst front vowels still hinder it. Thus, bulb is more likely to be pronounced as [ bAub] than silk as [ siuk]. Comparably, R Dropping began in the Early Modern English period, and has led to non-rhotic varieties of English. Since both /r/ and /l/ are weak consonants, their progressive weakening in the coda position is only to be expected.
List of Abbreviations
11(1)
List of Tables
12(2)
List of Diagrams
14(3)
The Present Research Project
17(4)
The Phonetic Basis of L Vocalisation
21(46)
The Phonetic Distribution of dark/1/
21(4)
Vowel Neutralisations
25(4)
L Clarification and L Hypercorrection
29(4)
Sociophonetic Diffusion
33(2)
Linguistic Salience
35(1)
Previous Research on L Vocalisation
36(13)
Early Traces in 1974,1980 and 1986
37(1)
Data from 1990 to 1995
38(2)
Some more Evidence in 1996 and 1997
40(4)
More Recent Findings
44(3)
Trends and Hypotheses
47(2)
Instability of Liquids
49(16)
The Loss of Postvocalic /r/ in Non-Rhotic Accents
52(5)
The Loss of Postvocalic /l/
57(3)
The Impact of R-loss and L-loss on the Phonological System
60(2)
The Principle of Least Effort
62(2)
L Vocalisation in First Language Acquisition
64(1)
Synopsis
65(2)
Aspects of RP and Non-RP Accents
67(40)
The Concept of Received Pronunciation
70(15)
RP's Phonological System
72(4)
RP's Prestige
76(4)
Non-Localisability
80(2)
The Classroom Model
82(3)
The Spirit of Estuary English
85(13)
Attempts at Defining EE
85(2)
The Phonetic Features of Estuary English
87(5)
The Geographic and Sociolinguistic Background of Estuary English
92(6)
The Social Embedding of Language Change
98(7)
Synopsis
105(2)
The Theory of Sociophonetic Research
107(12)
Social Class
110(2)
Gender
112(2)
Age
114(2)
Speech Styles
116(1)
Synopsis
117(2)
Project Research and its Methodology
119(26)
Research Sites
122(4)
Informant Sample
126(8)
The Adolescent Group
129(2)
The Adult Group
131(3)
Data Collection
134(1)
Variants of /l/ in the Texts
135(7)
Method of Analysis
142(1)
Synopsis
143(2)
Descriptive Statistical Analysis
145(38)
Social Variables and L Vocalisation
146(25)
Regional Diffusion and /l/
147(8)
Gender and /l/
155(3)
Social Class and /l/
158(10)
Age and /l/
168(3)
Linguistic Variables and L Vocalisation
171(10)
Vowel Frontness and /l/
172(1)
Vowel Length and /l/
173(1)
Vowel Height and /l/
174(1)
Word-, Morpheme-, Phrase-Boundary and /l/
175(1)
/l/ and Syllable Position
175(1)
Following Consonant and /l/
176(1)
L Clarification
177(1)
L Hypercorrection
178(2)
L Loss
180(1)
Synopsis
181(2)
Quantitative Analysis
183(20)
Analysis of the Item-Reliabilities
185(1)
Analysis of the Data
186(11)
Full Test Form - Multiple Regression
186(1)
Subtests - Multiple Regression
187(1)
Subtest RPS
187(2)
Subtest WLS
189(1)
Subtest WPS
190(1)
Items (words) - Logistic Regressions
191(2)
Subtests - Hypotheses VI to XII
193(1)
Reading Passage Style, word List Style, Word Pair Style
193(1)
Comparison: Dorsal, Coronal, and Labial Sounds
194(1)
Comparison: Front vowels and Back vowels
195(1)
Comparison: Long Vowels and Short Vowels
195(1)
Comparison: Close Vowels and Open Vowels
195(1)
Comparison: Phrase/Word/Morpheme Boundary
196(1)
Comparison: Syllabic/Non-final/Final Position
196(1)
Hypotheses Put to the Test
197(4)
Hypotheses I and II
197(1)
Hypothesis III
198(1)
Hypothesis IV
198(1)
Hypothesis V
198(1)
Hypothesis VI
199(1)
Hypothesis VII
199(1)
Hypothesis VIII
199(1)
Hypothesis IX
200(1)
Hypothesis X
200(1)
Hypothesis XI
200(1)
Hypothesis XII
200(1)
Synopsis
201(2)
Discussion
203(18)
The Theory of Social Embedding and L Vocalisation
203(5)
The Battle of Sexes and L Vocalisation
208(4)
The Phonetic Recipe to Weaken dark /l/
212(9)
Conclusion
221(2)
Bibliography
223
The Author: Born in Vienna in 1974, Christina Laurer studied English and Italian at the University of Vienna, she spent a year in Italy (Turin) and two years in Canterbury where she did linguistic research at the University College London. After having been awarded her M.A. in English and Italian she pursued her academic career doing Ph.D. research into sociolinguistics and phonetics. In 2000 she achieved qualified teacher status in Britain and is presently teaching at the «Theresianum» in Vienna. Since 2006 the author has been lecturing practical phonetics at the Linguistics Department, University of Vienna.