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Power Electronics and Motor Drives [Kõva köide]

Edited by (Auburn University, Alabama, USA), Edited by (Auburn University, Alabama, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 1016 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 2040 g, 49 Tables, black and white; 790 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Feb-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439802858
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802854
Teised raamatud teemal:
Power Electronics and Motor DrivesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 1016 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 2040 g, 49 Tables, black and white; 790 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Feb-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439802858
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802854
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781439802854.html
Märksõnad:
The Industrial Electronics Handbook, Second Edition combines traditional and newer, more specialized knowledge that will help industrial electronics engineers develop practical solutions for the design and implementation of high-power applications. Embracing the broad technological scope of the field, this collection explores fundamental areas, including analog and digital circuits, electronics, electromagnetic machines, signal processing, and industrial control and communications systems. It also facilitates the use of intelligent systemssuch as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary methodsin terms of a hierarchical structure that makes factory control and supervision more efficient by addressing the needs of all production components.

Enhancing its value, this fully updated collection presents research and global trends as published in the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Journal, one of the largest and most respected publications in the field. Power Electronics and Motor Drives facilitates a necessary shift from low-power electronics to the high-power varieties used to control electromechanical systems and other industrial applications.

This volume of the handbook:











Focuses on special high-power semiconductor devices Describes various electrical machines and motors, their principles of operation, and their limitations Covers power conversion and the high-efficiency devices that perform the necessary switchover between AC and DC Explores very specialized electronic circuits for the efficient control of electric motors Details other applications of power electronics, aside from electric motorsincluding lighting, renewable energy conversion, and automotive electronics Addresses power electronics used in very-high-power electrical systems to transmit energy

Other volumes in the set:











Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics Control and Mechatronics Industrial Communication Systems Intelligent Systems

Arvustused

This text features specialized knowledge that will allow industrial electronics engineers to develop practical design solutions and implement high-power applications. the book contains a great deal of information on a wide range of areas in power electronics . Electrical engineers, especially power electronics engineers, interested in learning the technical details about motor drives will benefit from this book. It also contains up-to-date practical information for those wanting to learn about the most active areas using power electronics today. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, March/April 2012

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Ediorial Board xv
Editors xvii
Contributors xxi
PART I Semiconductor Devices
1 Electronic Devices for Power Switching: The Enabling Technology for Power Electronic System Development
1(1)
Leo Lorenz
Hans Joachim Schulze
Franz Josef Niedernostheide
Anton Mauder
Roland Rupp
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Brief History and Basics of Key Power Semiconductor Devices
3(2)
Bipolar Device: Thyristor
Unipolar Device: Power MOSFET
MOS-Controlled Bipolar Mode Power Device IGBT
Key Power Device Development and Their Major Characteristics
1.3 Bipolar Devices
Thyristor and LTT
Gate Turn-Off Thyristor and Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor
Power Diodes
5(8)
1.4 MOS-Controlled Bipolar Mode Device IGBT
13(8)
1.5 Unipolar Devices
21(4)
High-Voltage Power Mosfet
Low-Voltage Power Mosfet
1.6 Wide Bandgap Devices
25(4)
SiC Schottky Diodes
SiC Power Switches
1.7 Smart Power Systems
29(2)
High-Voltage System Integration
Smart Power Technology for Low-Voltage Integration
1.8 Summary
31
References
31
PART II Electrical Machines
2 AC Machine Windings
1(1)
Andrea Cavagnino
Mario Lazzari
2.1 Introduction
1(1)
2.2 MMF and Magnetic Field Waveforms in the Airgap
1(17)
Introduction
MMF Waveform Produced by a Single Full-Pitch Bobbin
MMF Waveform Produced by a Single-Phase Distributed Winding
MMF Waveform Produced by a Shortened-Pitch Winding
Definition of the Winding Polarity (Pole Pair Concept)
Airgap MMF Waveform Produced by a Single Conductor
Airgap Magnetic Flux Density Waveform
2.3 Rotating Magnetic Field
18
Rotating Magnetic Field in Three-Phase Windings
Rotating Magnetic Field in Squirrel Cage Windings
Equivalence between Different Windings
Vectorial Representation of Airgap Distributions
Airgap Useful Flux
Harmonic Rotating Fields
Windings for Linear AC Machines
Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings
Constructive Aspects of AC Distributed Windings
References
33
3 Multiphase AC Machines
1(1)
Emil Levi
3.1 Introduction
1(2)
3.2 Mathematical Model of a Multiphase Induction Machine in Original Phase-Variable Domain
3(3)
3.3 Decoupling (Clarke's) Transformation and Decoupled Machine Model
6(3)
3.4 Rotational Transformation
9(4)
3.5 Complete Transformation Matrix
13(2)
3.6 Space Vector Modeling
15(4)
3.7 Modeling of Multiphase Machines with Multiple Three-Phase Windings
19(3)
3.8 Modeling of Synchronous Machines
22(7)
General Considerations
Synchronous Machines with Excitation Winding
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
Synchronous Reluctance Machine
3.9 Concluding Remarks
29
References
30
4 Induction Motor
1(1)
Aldo Boglietti
4.1 General Considerations and Constructive Characteristics
1(6)
4.2 Torque Characteristic Determination
7(5)
Starting Torque and Current
Peak Torque
4.3 Induction Motor Name Plate Data
12(1)
4.4 Induction Motor Topologies
13(1)
Wound Rotor
Squirrel Cage Rotor
4.5 Induction Motor Speed Regulation
14(5)
Pole Number Variation
Speed Regulation Using Rotor Resistance
Supply Frequency Regulation
4.6 Final Considerations
19
References
19
5 Permanent Magnet Machines
1(1)
M.A. Rahman
6 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
1(1)
Nicola Bianchi
6.1 Rotor Configurations
2(2)
6.2 Hard Magnetic Material (Permanent Magnet)
4(6)
Magnetic Device with PM
Impact of the Current
Parameters
6.3 Magnetic Analysis of PM Motor
10(4)
No-Load Operation (SPM Motor)
Operation with d-Axis Stator Current
Operation with q-Axis Stator Current
Inductance in an IPM Motor
Magnetic Model of the PM Synchronous Motor
Effect of Saturation
6.4 Electromechanical Torque
14(3)
Computation of Cogging Torque
Computation under Load (SPM Motor)
Computation under Load (IPM Motor)
6.5 Reduction of the Torque Ripple
17(5)
Reduction of the Cogging Torque in SPM Motors
Reduction of the Torque Ripple in IPM Motors
6.6 Fractional-Slot PM Synchronous Motors
22(5)
Winding Design by Means of the Star of Slots
Computation of the Winding Factor
Transformation from Double- to Single-Layer Winding
Rotor Losses Caused by MMF Space Harmonics
6.7 Vector Control of PM Motors
27(6)
Maximum Torque-per-Ampere Control
Flux-Weakening Control
Maximum Torque-per-Voltage Control
Maximum Efficiency Control
Limit Operating Regions
Loss Minimization Control
6.8 Fault-Tolerant PM Motors
33(4)
Short-Circuit Fault
Decoupling between the Phases
Multiphase Motor Drives
6.9 Sensorless Rotor Position Detection
37
Pulsating Voltage Vector Technique
Rotating Voltage Vector Technique
Prediction of Sensorless Capability of PM Motors
Contour Map of Rotor Position Error Angle Signal
References
42
7 Switched-Reluctance Machines
1(1)
Babak Fahimi
7.1 Introduction
1(1)
7.2 Historical Background
1(2)
7.3 Fundamentals of Operation
3(3)
7.4 Fundamentals of Control in SRM Drives
6(11)
Open Loop Control Strategy for Torque
Closed-Loop Torque Control of the SRM Drive
7.5 Summary
17
Appendix 7.A Modeling of Inductance Profile in an 8/6 SRM
17(6)
References
23
8 Thermal Effects
1(1)
Aldo Boglietti
8.1 Introduction
1(1)
8.2 Basic Heat Transfer and Flow Analysis
2(4)
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
8.3 Thermal Analysis and Related Thermal Models
6(1)
8.4 Numerical Models
7(1)
Numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics
Finite Element Analysis
8.5 Thermal Analysis Using Thermal Network
7(3)
Conduction Heat Transfer Resistance
Radiation Heat Transfer Resistance
Convection Heat Transfer Resistance
8.6 Thermal Resistance in Electrical Machines
10(1)
Convection Heat Transfer Resistance
Radiation Heat Transfer
Equivalent Thermal Conductivity between Winding and Lamination
Forced Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient between End Winding and Endcaps
8.7 Transient Thermal Analysis Using Thermal Network
11(1)
8.8 Final Considerations
12
Bibliography
12
9 Noise and Vibrations of Electrical Rotating Machines
1(1)
Bertrand Cassoret
Jean-Philippe Lecointe
Jean-Francois Brudny
9.1 Introduction
1(1)
9.2 Origins of Noise and Vibrations of Electrical Rotating Machines
2(4)
Mechanical, Aerodynamical, and Magnetic Noises
Examples of Rotating Machine Spectra
9.3 Magnetic Noise of AC Electrical Rotating Machines
6(4)
Description of the Phenomenon
Deformation Modes
Examples
9.4 Mechanical and Acoustic Modeling
10(5)
Amplitudes of Static Distortions
Resonance Frequencies and Vibration Amplitudes
Acoustic Radiations of Electrical Machines
9.5 Flux Density Harmonics of AC Machines
15(6)
Magnetomotive Force Harmonics
Air Gap Permeance Harmonics
Flux Density Harmonics
9.6 Conclusion
21
References
21
10 AC Electrical Machine Torque Harmonics
1(1)
Raphael Romary
Jean-Francois Brudny
10.1 Introduction
1(1)
10.2 Space Phasor Definition
2(3)
Case of Only One Stator Phase Energized
Case of a `Ihree-Phase Supply
Remarks
10.3 Using the Space Phasor for a Three-Phase System Characterization
5(3)
Three-Phase Sinusoidal Balanced System
Three-Phase Sinusoidal Unbalanced System
Case of a Non-Sine System
10.4 Preliminary Considerations on the Electrical Rotating Machines
8(4)
Introduction of a Spatial Referential Tied to the Rotor
Voltage Equations: Instantaneous Power
Electromagnetic Torque Definition
10.5 Induction Machine Modeling
12(2)
10.6 Case of a Smooth Airgap Induction Machine Modeling
14(7)
Linked Flux Space Phasors
Other Formulations for Electromagnetic Torque
Balanced Sinusoidal Three-Phase Supply: Steady-State Operating Mode
Non-Sine Supply: Torque Harmonics
Numerical Application
10.7 Reluctant Torques
21(5)
Machine Modeling
Reluctant Torque Calculation
10.8 Conclusion
26
References
26
PART III Conversion
11 Three-Phase AC-DC Converters
1(1)
Mariusz Malinowski
Marian P. Kazmierkowski
11.1 Overview
1(3)
Introduction
Control Strategies
11.2 Control Techniques for Three-Phase PWM AC-DC Converters
4(20)
Basic Operation Principles of PWM AC-DC Converters
Mathematical Description of the PWM AC-DC Converters
Line Voltage, Virtual Flux, and Instantaneous Power Estimation
Voltage-Oriented Control
Virtual Flux-Based Direct Power Control
Direct Power Control-Space Vector Modulated
Active Damping
Summary of Control Schemes for PWM AC-DC Converters
11.3 Summary and Conclusion
24
List of Symbols
24(2)
References
26
12 AC-to-DC Three-Phase/Switch/Level PWM Boost Converter: Design, Modeling, and Control
1(1)
Hadi Y. Kanaan
Kamal Al-Haddad
12.1 Introduction
1(2)
12.2 Overview on Modeling Techniques Applied to Switch-Mode Converters
3(6)
Average Modeling Techniques
Switching-Function-Based Modeling Technique
12.3 Study of a Basic Topology: The Single-Phase, Single-Switch, Three-Level Rectifier
9(7)
12.4 Design and Average Modeling of the Three-Phase/Switch/Level Rectifier
16(18)
Topology and Operation of the Three-Phase/Switch/Level Rectifier
State-Space Average Modeling of the Three-Phase/Switch/Level Rectifier
Desired Steady-State Operating Regime
Design Criteria
State-Space Small-Signal Model
Simulation Results
12.5 Averaged Model-Based Multi-Loop Control Techniques Applied to the Three-Phase/Switch/Level PWM Boost Rectifier
34(11)
Linear Control Design
Nonlinear Control Design
Simulation Results
Comparative Evaluation
12.6 Conclusion
45
References
45
13 DC-DC Converters
1(1)
Istvan Nagy
Pavol Bauer
13.1 Introduction
1(2)
13.2 Switch Mode Conversion Concept
3(1)
13.3 Output Current Sourced Converters
3(3)
13.4 Output Voltage Sourced Converters
6(1)
Direct Converters
Indirect Converters
13.5 Fundamental Topological Relationships
7(1)
13.6 Bidirectional Power Flow
7(1)
13.7 Isolated DC-DC Converters
8(3)
Single-Ended Forward Converter
Single-Ended Hybrid-Bridge Converter
Flyback Converter
Double-Ended Isolated Converters
13.8 Control
11
References
12
14 DC-AC Converters
1(1)
Samir Kouro
Jose I. Leon
Leopoldo Garcia Franquelo
Jose Rodriguez
Bin Wu
14.1 Introduction
1(1)
14.2 Voltage Source Inverters
2(24)
Introduction
VSI Topologies
Modulation Methods
14.3 Multilevel Voltage Source Converters
26(11)
Introduction
Multilevel Converter Topologies
Modulation Techniques for Multilevel Inverters
14.4 Current Source Inverters
37
Introduction
PWM-CSI
PWM-CSI Modulation Methods
References
47
15 AC/AC Converters
1(1)
Patrick Wheeler
15.1 Matrix Converters
1(1)
Introduction
15.2 Matrix Converter Concepts
2
Power Circuit Implementation
Power Circuit Protection
Modulation Algorithms
Two-Stage Matrix Converters (Sparse)
Applications
Acknowledgments
14(1)
References
14
16 Fundamentals of AC-DC-AC Converters Control and Applications
1(1)
Marek Jasinski
Marian P. Kazmierkowski
16.1 Introduction
1(6)
16.2 Mathematical Model of the VSI-Fed Induction Machine
7(1)
IM Mathematical Model in Rotating Coordinate System with Arbitrary Angular Speed
16.3 Operation of Voltage Source Rectifier
8(4)
Operation Limits of the Voltage Source Rectifier
VSR Model in Synchronously Rotating xy Coordinates
16.4 Vector Control Methods of AC-DC-AC Converter-Fed Induction Machine Drives: A Review
12(7)
Field Oriented Control and Virtual Flux Oriented Control
Direct Torque Control and VF-Based Direct Power Control
Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation and Direct Power Control with Space Vector Modulator
16.5 Line Side Converter Controllers Design
19(7)
Line Current and Line Power Controllers
DC-Link Voltage Controller
16.6 Direct Power and Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation
26(6)
Model of the AC-DG-AC Converter-Fed Induction Machine Drive with Active Power Feedforward
Analysis of the Power Response Time Constant
Energy of the DC-Link Capacitor
16.7 DC-Link Capacitor Design
32(4)
Ratings of the DC-Link Capacitor
16.8 Summary and Conclusion
36
References
37
17 Power Supplies
1(1)
Francisco Javier Azcondo
17.1 Introduction
1(2)
17.2 Single-Phase Rectifiers
3(4)
PFC Stages with No Inner Input Current Control Loop
PFC Stages with Inner Control Current Loop
17.3 DC-to-Load Power Conversion
7(7)
Isolation
Switched Capacitor Converters
Soft-Switched Converters
17.4 Trends
14(4)
New Devices and Magnetic Cores
Parallel Operation
Energy Process Savings
Digital Modeling and Control
17.5 Conclusions
18
References
18
18 Uninterruptible Power Supplies
1(1)
Josep M. Guerrero
Juan C. Vasquez
18.1 Introduction
1(1)
18.2 Classification of UPS Systems
2(3)
18.3 Storage Energy Systems
5(2)
18.4 Distributed UPS Systems
7(5)
18.5 Microgrids Based on Distributed UPS Systems
12(2)
18.6 Droop Method Concept
14(2)
18.7 Communications
16(1)
18.8 Virtual Output Impedance
16(2)
18.9 Microgrid Control
18(2)
18.10 Conclusion
20
References
20
19 Recent Trends in Multilevel Inverter
1(1)
K. Gopakumar
19.1 Introduction
1(1)
19.2 Basics of Multilevel Inverter
1(2)
19.3 Topologies for Multilevel Inverter
3(4)
Neutral Point Clamped Inverter
Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter
Flying Capacitor Inverter
19.4 Operational Issues of Multilevel Inverter
7(1)
19.5 New Trends in Multilevel Topologies for Induction Motor Drives
8(1)
19.6 Inverters Feeding an Open-End Winding Drive
8(2)
19.7 Multilevel Inverter Configurations Cascading Conventional 2-Level Inverters
10(3)
19.8 12-Sided Space Vector Structure
13(4)
19.9 PWM Strategies for Multilevel Inverter
17(5)
19.10 Future Trends in Multilevel Inverter
22
References
22
20 Resonant Converters
1(1)
Istvan Nagy
Zoltan Suto
20.1 Introduction
1(1)
20.2 Survey of the Second-Order Resonant Circuits
2(3)
20.3 Load-Resonant Converters
5(7)
Input Time Functions
Series Resonant Converters
Discontinuous Mode
Parallel Resonant Converters
Class E Converter
Series- and Parallel-Loaded Resonant DC-DC Converters
20.4 Resonant-Switch Converters
12(4)
ZCS Resonant Converters
ZVS Resonant Converter
Summary and Comparison of ZCS and ZVS Converters
Two-Quadrant ZVS Resonant Converters
20.5 Resonant DC Link Converters with ZVS
16(2)
20.6 Dual-Channel Resonant DC-DC Converter Family
18
Basic Configurations
Steady-State Operation
Configurations with Four Controlled Switches
Control Characteristics
Acknowledgments
23(1)
References
23
PART IV Motor Drives
21 Control of Converter-Fed Induction Motor Drives
1(1)
Marian P. Kazmierkowski
21.1 Introduction
1(1)
21.2 Symbols Used in the Analysis of Converter-Fed Induction Motors
2(1)
21.3 Fundamentals of Induction Motor Theory
3(7)
Space Vector-Based Equations
Block Schemes
Steady-State Characteristics
21.4 Classification of IM Control Methods
10(1)
21.5 Scalar Control
11(2)
Open-Loop Constant Volts/Hz Control
21.6 Field-Oriented Control
13(10)
Introduction
Current-Controlled R-FOC Schemes
Voltage-Controlled Stator-Flux-Oriented Control Scheme: Natural Field Orientation
21.7 Direct Torque Control
23(9)
Basic Principles
Generic DTC Scheme
Switching Table-Based DTC: Circular Stator Flux Path
Direct Self-Control: Hexagonal Stator Flux Path
21.8 DTC with Space Vector Modulation
32(4)
Critical Evaluation of Hysteresis-Based DTC Schemes
DTC-SVM Scheme with Closed-Loop Torque Control
DTC-SVM Scheme with Closed-Loop Torque and Flux Control
21.9 Summary and Conclusions
36
References
38
22 Double-Fed Induction Machine Drives
1(1)
Elzbieta Bogalecka
Zbigniew Krzeminski
22.1 Introduction
1(1)
22.2 Machine Model
2(3)
22.3 Properties of the DFM
5(2)
22.4 Steady-State Machine Operation
7(2)
22.5 Control Rules and Decoupled Control
9(3)
Decoupling Based on MM Machine Model
Decoupling Based on Vector Model
Decoupling Based on Rotor Current Equation
22.6 Overall Control System
12(3)
Control System Based on MM Model
Control System Based on Vector Model
22.7 Estimation of Variables
15(2)
Calculation of the Angle between the Stator and the Rotor
Application of Phase-Locked Loop for the Estimation of Rotor Speed and Position
22.8 Remarks about Digital Realization of the Control System
17
Compensation of the Delay Time Caused by Sampling
Measurements of Currents and Voltages
References
18
23 Standalone Double-Fed Induction Generator
1(1)
Grzegorz Iwanski
Wlodzimierz Koczara
23.1 Introduction
1(1)
23.2 Standalone DFIG Topology
2(6)
Model of Standalone DFIG
Selection of the Filtering Capacitors
Initial Excitation of Standalone DFIG
Stator Configurations
23.3 Control Method
8
Sensorless Control of the Stator Voltage Vector
References
14
24 FOC: Field-Oriented Control
1(1)
Emil Levi
24.1 Introductory Considerations
1(5)
24.2 Field-Oriented Control of Multiphase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
6(9)
24.3 Field-Oriented Control of Multiphase Synchronous Reluctance Machines
15(2)
24.4 Field-Oriented Control of Multiphase Induction Machines
17(13)
24.5 Concluding Remarks
30
References
31
25 Adaptive Control of Electrical Drives
1(1)
Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska
Krzysztof Szabat
25.1 Introduction
1(1)
25.2 Adaptive Control Structure: Basis
2(2)
25.3 Gain Scheduling in the Drive Systems
4(2)
25.4 Self-Tuning Speed Regulator for the Drive System
6(4)
25.5 Model Reference Adaptive Structure
10(4)
25.6 Neurocontrol of Electrical Drives as Special Case of Adaptive Regulators
14(6)
25.7 Summary
20
References
20
26 Drive Systems with Resilient Coupling
1(1)
Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska
Krzysztof Szabat
26.1 Introduction
1(1)
26.2 Mathematical Model of the Drive
1(2)
26.3 Methods of Torsional Vibration Damping
3(1)
26.4 Passive Methods
3(2)
26.5 Modification of the Classical Control Structure
5(3)
26.6 Resonance Ratio Control
8(2)
26.7 Application of the State Controller
10(1)
26.8 Model Predictive Control
11(3)
26.9 Adaptive Control
14(4)
26.10 Summary
18
References
21
27 Multiscalar Model-Based Control Systems for AC Machines
1(1)
Zbigniew Krzeminski
27.1 Introduction
1(1)
27.2 Nonlinear Transformations and Feedback Linearization
2(2)
27.3 Models of the Squirrel Cage Induction Machine
4(5)
Vector Model of the Squirrel Cage Induction Machine
Multiscalar Models of the Squirrel Cage Induction Machine
Feedback Linearization of Multiscalar Models of the Induction Motor
27.4 Models of the Double-Fed Induction Machine
9(3)
Vector Model of the Double-Fed Induction Machine
Multiscalar Model of the DFM
Feedback Linearization of DFM
27.5 Models of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
12(3)
Vector Model of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Multiscalar Model of the IPMSM
Feedback Linearization of IPMSM
Efficient Control of IPMSM
27.6 Structures of Control Systems for AC Machines Linearized by Feedback
15
References
18
PART V Power Electronic Applications
28 Sustainable Lighting Technology
1(1)
Henry Chung
Shu-Yuen (Ron) Hui
28.1 Introduction
1(2)
28.2 Dimming Technologies
3(9)
Dimming of Incandescent Lamps
Dimming of Low-Pressure Discharge Lamps with Frequency-Control Electronic Ballasts
Dimming of Low-Pressure Discharge Lamps with DC-Link Voltage-Control Electronic Ballasts
Dimming of High-Intensity Discharge Lamps with Electronic Ballasts
Dimming of Large Lighting Systems with Electronic Ballasts
28.3 Sustainable Dimming Systems---Dimming of Discharge Lamps with Recyclable Magnetic Ballasts
12(5)
Method I Control of the Supply Voltage or Current to the Lamp
Method II Control of the Ballast-Lamp Impedance Path
Method III Control of the Lamp Terminal Impedance
Practical Examples of Sustainable Lighting Technology
28.4 Future Sustainable Lighting Technology---Ultralow-Loss Passive Ballasts for T5 Fluorescent Lamps
17(2)
28.5 Conclusions
19
References
20
29 General Photo-Electro-Thermal Theory and Its Implications for Light-Emitting Diode Systems
1(1)
Shu-Yuen (Ron) Hui
29.1 Introduction
1(2)
29.2 Thermal and Luminous Comparison of White High-Brightness LED and Fluorescent Lamps
3(2)
Comparison of Heat Dissipation
Comparison of Heat Loss Mechanism
29.3 General Photo-Electro-Thermal Theory for LED Systems
5(3)
General Analysis
Simplified Equations
Effects of Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance Rjc of LED
Use of the General Theory for LED System Design
29.4 Implications of the General Theory
8(3)
Increasing Cooling Effect Can Increase Luminous Output
Multi-Chip versus Single-Chip LED Devices
Use of Multiple Low-Power LED versus Use of Single High-Power LED
29.5 Conclusions
11
References
11
30 Solar Power Conversion
1(1)
Giovanni Petrone
Giovanni Spagnuolo
30.1 Introduction
1(1)
30.2 Solar Cells: Present and Future
2(4)
30.3 Balance of System
6(1)
30.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Function
7(6)
30.5 Single-Stage and Multiple-Stage Photovoltaic Inverters
13(4)
30.6 Conclusions
17
References
18
31 Battery Management Systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles
1(1)
Jian Cao
Mahesh Krishnamurthy
Ali Emadi
31.1 Introduction
1(1)
31.2 HEV Classification
2(2)
Micro-Hybrid
Mild Hybrid
Full Hybrid
Muscle Hybrid
Plug-In Hybrid
Electric Vehicle
Extended-Range Electric Vehicle
Fuel Cell Vehicle
31.3 Hybrid Drive Train Configurations
4(1)
Series Hybrid Vehicles
Parallel Hybrid Vehicles
31.4 Battery Electronics for EVs and HEVs
5
Battery Management System for Automotives
Overcurrent Protection
Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection
Overtemperature and Undertemperature Protection
Examples of Traction Battery Sensing System in HEVs
Cell Balancing Methods for Traction Batteries
Shunt Active Balancing Methods
Shuttling Active Balancing Methods
Energy Converter Active Balancing Methods
Comparative Analysis
Intelligent Battery Unit
Battery Model
State of Charge Determination
State of Health Determination
History Log Function
Charge Regulation
Communication
32 Electrical Loads in Automotive Systems
1(1)
Mahesh Krishnamurthy
Jian Cao
Ali Emadi
32.1 Introduction
1(1)
32.2 Electric Power Steering System
1(2)
Conventional Power Steering System
Steer-by-Wire System
32.3 Electronic Stability Control System
3(4)
Continuously Variable Transmission System
Ignition Systems
Antilock Braking
32.4 Electronic Fuel Injection
7
Automotive Pumps
Power Doors and Windows
Bibliography
8
33 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1(1)
Sheldon S. Williamson
Xin Li
33.1 Introduction
1(1)
33.2 PHEV Technology
1(4)
PHEV Energy Storage System
PHEV Control Strategies
Power Electronics and Electric Traction Motor
33.3 PHEV Charging Infrastructures
5(1)
Charging from Grid
Charging from Renewable Energy Sources
Power Flow Control Strategies
33.4 PHEV Efficiency Considerations
6(1)
PHEV Well-to-Tank Efficiency
PHEV Tank-to-Wheels Efficiency
33.5 Conclusions
7
References
8
PART VI Power Systems
34 Three-Phase Electric Power Systems
1(1)
Charles A. Gross
34.1 Case for Balanced Polyphase Power Systems
1(1)
34.2 Balanced Three-Phase Circuit Analysis
2(7)
Wye and Delta Connections
34.3 Power Considerations
9(5)
34.4 Summary
14
35 Contactless Energy Transfer
1(1)
Marian P. Kazmierkowski
Artur Moradewicz
Jorge Duarte
Elena Lomonowa
Christoph Sonntag
35.1 Introduction
1(1)
35.2 Basic Principles of Operation
2(5)
Compensation Topologies
Resonant Power Converters
35.3 Review of CET Systems
7(1)
35.4 CET Systems with Multiple Secondary Winding
7(1)
35.5 CET Systems with Cascaded Transformers
7(4)
35.6 CET Systems with Sliding Transformers
11(1)
35.7 CET Systems with Multiple Primary Winding
11(6)
Introduction
Planar Inductor Windings
Electromagnetic Design
Power Electronics Implementation
Operational Features
35.8 Summary and Conclusion
17
References
17
36 Smart Energy Distribution
1(1)
Friederich Kupzog
Peter Palensky
36.1 Evolution of Smart Energy Distribution
1(2)
36.2 Key Concepts of Smart Grids
3(4)
36.3 Smart Grid Vision
7
References
8
37 Flexible AC Transmission Systems
1(1)
Jovica V. Milanovic
Igor Papic
Ayman A. Alabduljabbar
Yan Zhang
37.1 Introduction
1(1)
37.2 Basic FACTS Technology
2(2)
Power Semiconductors
Thyristor-Based FACTS Devices
Converter-Based FACTS Devices
37.3 Types and Modeling of FACTS
4(18)
Static VAr Compensators
Static Compensator
Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor
Thyristor-Controlled Voltage Regulator and Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer
Unified Power Flow Controller
37.4 Areas of Applications of FACTS Devices in Power Systems
22(1)
Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Compensation
Available Transfer Capability and Power Flow Control (Congestion Management)
Transient and Small Disturbance Stability
Reliability
37.5 Rating of FACTS Devices
23(1)
37.6 Cost of FACTS Devices
24(1)
Cost Structure
Price Guideline
37.7 Conclusion
25
References
25
38 Filtering Techniques for Power Quality Improvement
1(1)
Salem Rahmani
Kamal Al-Haddad
38.1 Introduction
1(2)
38.2 Harmonic Production and Characteristics
3(1)
38.3 Characterization of the Disturbances
3(2)
Power Factor
Total Harmonic Distortion
Distortion Factor
Crest Factor
38.4 Types of Harmonic Sources
5(2)
38.5 Filters Used to Enhance Power Quality
7(17)
Passive Filters
Active Power Filter
38.6 Control of Active Filters
24(5)
38.7 Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Topology
29(23)
Extraction of Reference Signals
Principle of the Unipolar PWM Control
PWM's Principle of Gating Signal Generation
Control of Active Power Filter
Small-Signal Modeling of the Single-Phase Active Power Filter
Simulation Results
Experimental Validation
38.8 Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter
52(11)
Current References Extraction
Control Technique Principle
Simulation Results
38.9 Summary
63
References
63
Index 1
Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin