Preface |
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xi | |
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List of Symbols, Units, and Notation |
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xv | |
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1 | (30) |
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Case Study: The Future Beckons: Will the Electric Power Industry Heed the Call |
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2 | (8) |
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History of Electric Power Systems |
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10 | (7) |
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Present and Future Trends |
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17 | (3) |
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Electric Utility Industry Structure |
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20 | (2) |
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Computers in Power System Engineering |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (8) |
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31 | (51) |
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Cose Study: Distributed Generation: Semantic Hype or the Dawn of a New Era |
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32 | (10) |
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42 | (2) |
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Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits |
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44 | (6) |
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50 | (5) |
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55 | (2) |
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Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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57 | (8) |
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Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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65 | (4) |
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Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems |
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69 | (13) |
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82 | (73) |
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Cose Study: Life Extension and Condition Assessment |
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83 | (13) |
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96 | (6) |
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers |
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102 | (6) |
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108 | (8) |
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Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift |
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116 | (5) |
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Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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121 | (5) |
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Three-Winding Transformers |
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126 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios |
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131 | (24) |
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Transmission Line Parameters |
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155 | (72) |
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Cose Study: Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age |
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156 | (4) |
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Cose Study: Mammoth 765-kV Project Winds Through Appalachian Mountains |
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160 | (7) |
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Transmission Line Design Considerations |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (1) |
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Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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176 | (5) |
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Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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181 | (2) |
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Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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183 | (8) |
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Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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191 | (6) |
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Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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197 | (2) |
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Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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199 | (3) |
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Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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202 | (3) |
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Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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205 | (5) |
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Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level |
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210 | (3) |
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Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines |
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213 | (14) |
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Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation |
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227 | (53) |
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Cose Study: The FACTS on Resolving Transmission Gridlock |
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228 | (7) |
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Medium and Short Line Approximations |
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235 | (7) |
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Transmission-Line Differential Equations |
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242 | (6) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (9) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (4) |
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Reactive Compensation Techniques |
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265 | (15) |
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280 | (75) |
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Cose Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid |
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281 | (10) |
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Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination |
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291 | (5) |
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Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel |
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296 | (5) |
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Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson |
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301 | (4) |
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305 | (6) |
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Power-Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel |
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311 | (3) |
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Power-Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson |
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314 | (9) |
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323 | (6) |
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329 | (3) |
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Fast Decoupled Power Flow |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (10) |
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343 | (12) |
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355 | (38) |
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Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems |
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356 | (2) |
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Series R-L Circuit Transients |
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358 | (3) |
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Three-Phase Short Circuit---Unloaded Synchronous Machine |
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361 | (4) |
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Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (8) |
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Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection |
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376 | (15) |
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Design Project 4 (continued) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (46) |
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Case Study: Electrical Energy Storage---Challenges and New Market Opportunities |
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394 | (5) |
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Definition of Symmetrical Components |
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399 | (5) |
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Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads |
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404 | (8) |
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Sequence Networks of Series Impedances |
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412 | (2) |
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Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines |
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414 | (2) |
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines |
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416 | (6) |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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422 | (5) |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers |
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427 | (3) |
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Power in Sequence Networks |
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430 | (9) |
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439 | (43) |
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Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (5) |
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Single Line-to-Ground Fault |
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446 | (5) |
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451 | (2) |
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Double Line-to-Ground Fault |
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453 | (7) |
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Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices |
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460 | (19) |
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Design Project 4 (continued) |
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479 | (1) |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (65) |
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Case Study: Blackouts and Relaying Considerations |
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484 | (8) |
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System Protection Components |
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492 | (2) |
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494 | (6) |
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500 | (5) |
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505 | (4) |
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509 | (4) |
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513 | (1) |
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Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (4) |
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Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays |
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519 | (6) |
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525 | (2) |
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Bus Protection with Differential Relays |
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527 | (1) |
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Transformer Protection with Differential Relays |
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528 | (5) |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (13) |
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547 | (61) |
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Case Study: Transmission System Planning---The Old World Meets The New |
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550 | (15) |
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Case Study: Overcoming Restoration Challenges Associated with Major Power System Disturbances |
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565 | (10) |
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Generator-Voltage Control |
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575 | (2) |
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577 | (4) |
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581 | (3) |
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584 | (14) |
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598 | (10) |
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Transmission Lines: Transient Operation |
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608 | (71) |
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Case Study: VariSTAR® Type AZE Surge Arresters |
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609 | (3) |
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Case Study: WACS---Wide-Area Stability and Voltage Control System: R&D and Online Demonstration |
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612 | (17) |
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Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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629 | (3) |
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Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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632 | (9) |
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641 | (5) |
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Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements |
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646 | (7) |
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653 | (4) |
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657 | (3) |
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Power System Overvoltages |
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660 | (7) |
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667 | (12) |
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679 | (54) |
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Case Study: Real-Time Dynamic Security Assessment |
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681 | (9) |
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Case Study: Causes of the 14 August Blackout |
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690 | (7) |
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697 | (5) |
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Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents |
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702 | (3) |
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705 | (9) |
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Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation |
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714 | (5) |
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719 | (7) |
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Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability |
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726 | (7) |
Appendix |
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733 | (4) |
Index |
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737 | |