Preface to the SI Edition |
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Preface |
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xi | |
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List of Symbols, Units, and Notation |
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xv | |
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1 | (30) |
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Case Study: The Future Beckons: Will the Electric Power Industry Heed the Call |
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2 | (8) |
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1.1 History of Electric Power Systems |
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10 | (7) |
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1.2 Present and Future Trends |
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17 | (3) |
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1.3 Electric Utility Industry Structure |
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20 | (2) |
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1.4 Computers in Power System Engineering |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (8) |
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31 | (51) |
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Case Study: Distributed Generation: Semantic Hype or the Dawn of a New Era |
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32 | (10) |
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42 | (2) |
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2.2 Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits |
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44 | (6) |
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50 | (5) |
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55 | (2) |
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2.5 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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57 | (8) |
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2.6 Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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65 | (4) |
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2.7 Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems |
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69 | (13) |
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Chapter 3 Power Transformers |
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82 | (73) |
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Case Study: Life Extension and Condition Assessment |
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83 | (13) |
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3.1 The Ideal Transformer |
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96 | (6) |
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3.2 Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers |
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102 | (6) |
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108 | (8) |
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3.4 Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift |
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116 | (5) |
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3.5 Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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121 | (5) |
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3.6 Three-Winding Transformers |
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126 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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3.8 Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios |
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131 | (24) |
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Chapter 4 Transmission Line Parameters |
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155 | (72) |
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Case Study: Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age |
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156 | (4) |
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Case Study: Mammoth 765-kV Project Winds Through Appalachian Mountains |
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160 | (7) |
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4.1 Transmission Line Design Considerations |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (1) |
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4.4 Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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176 | (5) |
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4.5 Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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181 | (2) |
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4.6 Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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183 | (8) |
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4.7 Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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191 | (6) |
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4.8 Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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197 | (2) |
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4.9 Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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199 | (3) |
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4.10 Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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202 | (3) |
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4.11 Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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205 | (5) |
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4.12 Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level |
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210 | (3) |
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4.13 Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines |
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213 | (14) |
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Chapter 5 Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation |
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227 | (53) |
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Case Study: The FACTS on Resolving Transmission Gridlock |
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228 | (7) |
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5.1 Medium and Short Line Approximations |
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235 | (7) |
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5.2 Transmission-Line Differential Equations |
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242 | (6) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (9) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (4) |
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5.7 Reactive Compensation Techniques |
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265 | (15) |
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280 | (75) |
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Case Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid |
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281 | (10) |
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6.1 Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination |
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291 | (5) |
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6.2 Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel |
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296 | (5) |
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6.3 Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson |
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301 | (4) |
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6.4 The Power-Flow Problem |
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305 | (6) |
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6.5 Power-Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel |
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311 | (3) |
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6.6 Power-Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson |
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314 | (9) |
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6.7 Control of Power Flow |
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323 | (6) |
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329 | (3) |
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6.9 Fast Decoupled Power Flow |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (10) |
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343 | (12) |
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Chapter 7 Symmetrical Faults |
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355 | (38) |
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Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems |
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356 | (2) |
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7.1 Series R-L Circuit Transients |
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358 | (3) |
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7.2 Three-Phase Short Circuit---Unloaded Synchronous Machine |
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361 | (4) |
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7.3 Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (8) |
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7.5 Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection |
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376 | (15) |
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391 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Symmetrical Components |
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393 | (46) |
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Case Study: Electrical Energy Storage---Challenges and New Market Opportunities |
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394 | (5) |
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8.1 Definition of Symmetrical Components |
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399 | (5) |
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8.2 Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads |
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404 | (8) |
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8.3 Sequence Networks of Series Impedances |
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412 | (2) |
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8.4 Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines |
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414 | (2) |
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8.5 Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines |
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416 | (6) |
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8.6 Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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422 | (5) |
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8.7 Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers |
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427 | (3) |
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8.8 Power in Sequence Networks |
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430 | (9) |
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Chapter 9 Unsymmetrical Faults |
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439 | (43) |
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Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities |
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440 | (1) |
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9.1 System Representation |
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441 | (5) |
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9.2 Single Line-to-Ground Fault |
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446 | (5) |
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451 | (2) |
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9.4 Double Line-to-Ground Fault |
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453 | (7) |
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9.5 Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices |
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460 | (19) |
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479 | (1) |
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480 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 System Protection |
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482 | (65) |
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Case Study: Blackouts and Relaying Considerations |
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484 | (8) |
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10.1 System Protection Components |
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492 | (2) |
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10.2 Instrument Transformers |
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494 | (6) |
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500 | (5) |
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10.4 Radial System Protection |
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505 | (4) |
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509 | (4) |
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513 | (1) |
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10.7 Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (4) |
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10.9 Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays |
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519 | (6) |
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10.10 Differential Relays |
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525 | (2) |
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10.11 Bus Protection with Differential Relays |
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527 | (1) |
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10.12 Transformer Protection with Differential Relays |
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528 | (5) |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (13) |
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Chapter 11 Power System Controls |
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547 | (61) |
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Case Study: Transmission System Planning The Old World Meets The New |
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550 | (15) |
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Case Study: Overcoming Restoration Challenges Associated with Major Power System Disturbances |
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565 | (10) |
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11.1 Generator-Voltage Control |
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575 | (2) |
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11.2 Turbine-Governor Control |
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577 | (4) |
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11.3 Load-Frequency Control |
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581 | (3) |
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584 | (14) |
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598 | (10) |
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Chapter 12 Transmission Lines: Transient Operation |
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608 | (71) |
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Case Study: VariSTAR® Type AZE Surge Arresters |
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609 | (3) |
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Case Study: WACS---Wide-Area Stability and Voltage Control System: R&D and Online Demonstration |
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612 | (17) |
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12.1 Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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629 | (3) |
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12.2 Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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632 | (9) |
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12.3 Bewley Lattice Diagram |
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641 | (5) |
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12.4 Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements |
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646 | (7) |
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653 | (4) |
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12.6 Multiconductor Lines |
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657 | (3) |
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12.7 Power System Overvoltages |
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660 | (7) |
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12.8 Insulation Coordination |
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667 | (12) |
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Chapter 13 Transient Stability |
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679 | (54) |
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Case Study: Real-Time Dynamic Security Assessment |
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681 | (9) |
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Case Study: Causes of the 14 August Blackout |
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690 | (7) |
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697 | (5) |
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13.2 Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents |
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702 | (3) |
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13.3 The Equal-Area Criterion |
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705 | (9) |
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13.4 Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation |
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714 | (5) |
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13.5 Multimachine Stability |
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719 | (7) |
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13.6 Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability |
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726 | (7) |
Appendix |
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733 | (4) |
Index |
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737 | |