| Contributors |
|
xix | |
| Preface |
|
xxiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxv | |
|
1 Evidence-Based Cardiology Practice |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Evidence-Based Medicine Resources |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Clinical Practice Guidelines |
|
|
2 | (3) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2 Evaluation of Patient With Cardiovascular Problem |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Congestive Heart Failure Questions |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Ischemic Heart Disease (Questions) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Congenital Heart Disease (Questions) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Rheumatic Heart Disease and Endocarditis (Questions) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (7) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Arterial Pulse Examination |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Normal Jugular Venous Pulse (JVP) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Palpation and Observation of the Chest |
|
|
9 | (3) |
|
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
Auscultation of the Heart |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
Differential Diagnosis of Murmurs by Maneuvers |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
17 | (45) |
|
Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari |
|
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Normal Electrocardiograms |
|
|
17 | (6) |
|
The Pattern of Normal Waves and Intervals |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
Normal Variants on Electrocardiograms |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Benign Early Repolarization |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
Abnormal Electrocardiograms |
|
|
23 | (35) |
|
Malignant Early Repolarization |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (6) |
|
Intraventricular Conduction Delays |
|
|
29 | (7) |
|
Alternans Patterns on Electrocardiograms |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
Technical Errors and Artifacts |
|
|
39 | (19) |
|
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
4 Exercise Stress Testing |
|
|
62 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Relative Contraindications |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Exercise Stress Test Protocols |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of Functional Capacity |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Electrocardiogram Changes |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Slow Upsloping ST Changes |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Horizontal ST-Segment Depression |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Downsloping ST-Segment Depression |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
ST-Segment Elevation in Leads With Previous Q Wave |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Indications for Termination of Exercise Stress Testing |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (44) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 | (6) |
|
|
|
67 | (6) |
|
|
|
73 | (5) |
|
Doppler Study in Standard Views |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
Myocardial Tissue Doppler Imaging |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Transesophageal Echocardiography |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Contrast Echocardiography |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Study of Myocardial Viability |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Two-Dimensional (Speckled) Strain Echocardiography |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Study of the Cardiac Chambers |
|
|
82 | (3) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Left Ventricular Systolic Function |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Study of Valvular Heart Disease |
|
|
85 | (23) |
|
|
|
85 | (5) |
|
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Acute Complications of Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Cardiomyopathies: Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Intracardiac Masses and Tumors |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
Ventricular Septal Defects |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Transposition of the Great Arteries |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Ventricular Assist Devices |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Interventional Procedures |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
6 Chest Radiography in Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Lungs and Pulmonary Vasculature |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
The Chest Radiograph in Heart Disease |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Thoracic Musculoskeletal Structures |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Determining the Vascular Pattern |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Chambers and Great Vessels |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Specific Chamber Enlargement |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (6) |
|
Radiography of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Clinical-Radiographic Classification of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
123 | (5) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
7 Cardiac Computed Tomography |
|
|
131 | (44) |
|
|
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Isotropic Data Acquisition |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Spatial/Temporal Resolution |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (3) |
|
|
|
132 | (3) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Computed Tomography Anatomy |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
Prognostic Implications of CACS |
|
|
140 | (5) |
|
Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography |
|
|
145 | (618) |
|
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
Imaging of Coronary Stents |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
Coronary CT Angiography in Patient With Prior CABG |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
High-Risk Plaque Features |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
Relationship of Findings to Ischemia |
|
|
151 | (6) |
|
Use in Patients With Acute Chest Pain |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
Use in Patients With Stable Suspected Coronary Artery Disease |
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
Anomalous Coronary Arteries |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Assessment of Cardiovascular Structure and Function |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Structural Heart Disease Interventions |
|
|
165 | (4) |
|
|
|
169 | (5) |
|
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
8 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
|
|
175 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Physics, Technical Considerations, and Imaging Tools |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
Hardware and Technical Requirements |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Patient Selection and Preparation |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Specific Indications and Magnetic Resonance Techniques |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Tissue Characterization and Parametric Mapping |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
|
|
185 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Detection of Coronary Artery Disease and Stress Tests |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Electrocardiography-Gated SPECT |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Semiquantitative Visual Analysis |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Normal Variations, Artifacts, and Pitfalls |
|
|
186 | (4) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Positron Emission Tomography |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Radionuclide Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (3) |
|
10 Catheterization and Angiography |
|
|
193 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Precatheterization Preparations |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Coronary Angiography Catheters |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Left Heart Catheterization |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Right Heart Catheterization |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Coronary Angiography Indications |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Coronary Catheter Manipulation |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Coronary Findings and Interpretation |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Lesion Complexity for Intervention |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Coronary Anomalies and Variations |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Anomalous Origin of the Left Circumflex Artery From the Right Coronary Artery |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Anomalous Origin of the Left Main or Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery From the Right Coronary Artery |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery From the Left Cusp |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Catheterization Complications |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
201 | (6) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Thermodilution Cardiac Output |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Limitations of the Thermodilution Technique |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Output by Left Ventriculography |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Filling Pressures (Preload) |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Right and left heart Catheterization |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Swan-Ganz Catheter |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Central Venous Pressure Measurement and Interpretation |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Central Venous Pressure Waveforms |
|
|
204 | (2) |
|
Abnormal Central Venous Pressure Waveforms |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Left Heart Filling Pressures |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Clinical Implications of Right Heart Catheterization |
|
|
207 | (7) |
|
Heart Failure Hemodynamics |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Hypertension Hemodynamics |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
The Hemodynamics of Valvular Heart Disease |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Assessment of Valvular Stenosis |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Practical Points In Hemodynamic Study of Valvular Regurgitation |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
The Hemodynamics of Pericardial Disease |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
|
210 | (4) |
|
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
12 Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension |
|
|
217 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Workup for Heart Failure |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Key Points About Natriuretic Peptides |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (13) |
|
Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Investigations |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
|
223 | (6) |
|
Indications for Invasive and Swan-Ganz Monitoring |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Some Practical Recommendations About Patients With Acute Heart Failure |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
Therapeutic Approach to Chronic Heart Failure |
|
|
232 | (13) |
|
Therapeutic Approach to Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction |
|
|
232 | (9) |
|
Indications for Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Management of Right Ventricular Failure |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
|
|
245 | (8) |
|
|
|
253 | (4) |
|
|
|
257 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (19) |
|
Narrow Complex Tachycardia |
|
|
258 | (11) |
|
|
|
269 | (7) |
|
|
|
276 | (3) |
|
14 Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices |
|
|
279 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
NBD Codes for Defibrillators |
|
|
280 | (7) |
|
Classification of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Components of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Pacing or High-Voltage Leads (Electrodes) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Programming Considerations for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Minimizing Right Ventricular Pacing |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Optimizing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by Device Programming |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (3) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
16 Electrophysiology Tracing Interpretation |
|
|
297 | (82) |
|
|
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
What Is Electrophysiology (EP) Procedure? |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Electrophysiology Tracing Structure |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Signal Recording and Sequences in Normal Heart |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
Pacing Maneuvers in an Electrophysiology Study |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Overdrive Pacing Effect on Conduction System |
|
|
300 | (3) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (3) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Programmed Electrical Stimulation maneuver |
|
|
303 | (4) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (3) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Role of EPS in Bradyarrhythmia detection |
|
|
307 | (5) |
|
How to Interpret Tachyarrhythmia Tracing? |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
Usual Arrhythmia Characteristics |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
AVN Reentrant Tachycardia |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
17 Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmia |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
History and Physical Exam |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
321 | (4) |
|
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmia |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (4) |
|
18 Hypotension and Syncope |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Classification of Syncope |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (4) |
|
1 Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Common Causes of Syncope |
|
|
333 | (4) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (3) |
|
|
|
341 | (36) |
|
|
|
|
|
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (4) |
|
|
|
345 | (10) |
|
|
|
346 | (3) |
|
AHA 2019 Preventive Guideline |
|
|
349 | (6) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |
|
|
356 | (8) |
|
Prevention of CVD in Diabetic Patients |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Targets in Patients With Diabetic Mellitus |
|
|
359 | (5) |
|
Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (10) |
|
|
|
377 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Hypertension |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis of Hypertension |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (3) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Hypertension in Pregnancy |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Perioperative Hypertension Management |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Goals in Hypertension |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Acute Blood Pressure Elevations |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
|
|
387 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Biochemistry and Metabolism of Lipids |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Reverse Cholesterol Transport |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Impact of Lipoprotein Disorders on Cardiovascular Risk |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Management of Lipoprotein Disorders |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Treatment Goals in Lipoprotein Disorders |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
22 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
395 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Special Groups |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (11) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Fibrinolysis for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Complications of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Conduction Abnormalities After Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Mechanical Complications of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Pericardial Complications of Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (8) |
|
23 Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Invasive Coronary Angiography |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Intravenous Antiplatelet Agents |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Early Invasive vs Conservative Strategies |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Management of NSTE-ACS in Special Subgroups |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Prinzmetal Variant Angina |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (4) |
|
24 Stable Ischemic Heart Disease |
|
|
429 | (26) |
|
|
|
Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari |
|
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (5) |
|
Resting Electrocardiogram |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Probability Estimate of CAD |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Noninvasive Stress Testing |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (8) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Refractory Angina |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Disease Revascularization |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Revascularization (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) vs Medical Therapy |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting vs Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
|
|
443 | (3) |
|
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
After Heart Transplantation |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Follow-up of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (5) |
|
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
25 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
|
|
455 | (8) |
|
|
|
Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Left Main Coronary Artery Lesions |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Patients With Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Intravascular Ultrasonography |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Rotablator (Rotational Atherectomy) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
26 Transcatheter Therapies for Structural Heart Diseases |
|
|
463 | (12) |
|
|
|
Intervention in Structural Heart Disorders |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Occlusion of Cardiac Defects |
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Ventricular Septal Defect |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Paravalvular Leak Closure |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Mitral Valve Interventions |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Percutaneous Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Repair and Replacement |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Aorta and Aortic Valve Interventions |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Valve Intervention |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
27 Aortic Disorders and Their Management |
|
|
475 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Screening Strategies of Aortic Aneurysms |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Pathology and Pathophysiology of Aortic Aneurysms |
|
|
476 | (4) |
|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Open Surgery or Endovascular Therapy |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (12) |
|
Aortic Dissection and Its Variants |
|
|
480 | (6) |
|
Approach to Patients With Suspicious Aortic Dissection |
|
|
486 | (4) |
|
Aortic Dissection Variants |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
28 Peripheral Artery Disease |
|
|
495 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (4) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Disease Severity Classification |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Supervised Exercise Training |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Specific Drugs for Treatment of Claudication |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Endovascular or Surgical Intervention |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (3) |
|
29 Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis |
|
|
505 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Key Points About Peripartum Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
508 | (6) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Key Points About Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Idiopathic Primary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Infiltrative Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Key Points About Eosinophilic Cardiomyopathy (Loeffler Endocarditis) and Endomyocardial Fibrosis |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (3) |
|
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Constrictive vs Restrictive Physiology |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
514 | (9) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Key Points About Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Key Points About Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Hemodynamic Study of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (6) |
|
|
|
523 | (4) |
|
30 Valvular Heart Disease |
|
|
527 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
527 | (10) |
|
|
|
527 | (6) |
|
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (6) |
|
Chronic Aortic Insufficiency |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Acute Aortic Insufficiency |
|
|
537 | (4) |
|
Acute Aortic Regurgitation |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
|
|
543 | (5) |
|
|
|
543 | (5) |
|
|
|
548 | (5) |
|
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
Acute Mitral Regurgitation |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Medical and Surgical Treatment of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (7) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (5) |
|
Percutaneous Valve Replacement |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (6) |
|
31 Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
573 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
Blood Culture-Positive Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Histologic Features of Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
|
|
576 | (6) |
|
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
|
|
582 | (6) |
|
|
|
582 | (4) |
|
Indications and Timing of Surgery |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Outpatient Management and Follow-Up Evaluation |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (3) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
Normal Pericardium, Anatomy, and Function |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Causes, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology of Acute Pericarditis |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
Clinical Presentation, History, and Physical Examination |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Natural History and Management |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Relapsing and Recurrent Pericarditis |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (3) |
|
Pathophysiology and Hemodynamics |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
Specific Types of Tamponade |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Constrictive Pericarditis |
|
|
599 | (4) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Differentiating Constrictive Pericarditis From Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Differentiating Constrictive Pericarditis From COPD |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Specific Causes of Pericardial Disease |
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Pericardial Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Causes and Pathology |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Pericarditis in Patients With Renal Disease |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Dressier Syndrome and Postmyocardial Infarction Pericarditis |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Pericardial Disease in Cancer |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Postcardiac Surgery Pericarditis |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Pericardial Effusion in Infective Endocarditis |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
33 Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
607 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Nomenclature and Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Atrioventricular Connections |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Ventriculoarterial Connections |
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
Clinical Issues in Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome |
|
|
609 | (61) |
|
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Echocardiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomography |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Catheterization and Hemodynamic Study |
|
|
610 | (12) |
|
Specific Congenital Cardiac Defects |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
612 | (5) |
|
|
|
617 | (10) |
|
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Other Valvular and Miscellaneous Lesions |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
34 Venous Thromboembolism |
|
|
635 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
Azita Haj Hossein Talasaz |
|
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
Approach to Patients With Acute DVT |
|
|
639 | (6) |
|
History and Physical Examination |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Practical Approach for Patients With Suspected DVT |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
Approach to Patients With Acute PE |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (3) |
|
Additional Test for Patients With Established VTE |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Screening for Hypercoagulable State |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Screening for Malignancies |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
|
648 | (9) |
|
|
|
648 | (7) |
|
Systemic Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients With VTE |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Therapies |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Special Therapeutic Consideration for Patients With VTE |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Ambulation in Patients With DVT |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Inferior Vena Cava Filters |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Team |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (2) |
|
Inhospital Risk Factors for VTE and Bleeding |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Prophylaxis in Major Orthopedic Surgery |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (6) |
|
35 Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease and Applications of Genetic Testing |
|
|
665 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
665 | (4) |
|
Genetic Testing and Variant Interpretation |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Monogenic Forms of Congenital Heart Defects |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Inherited Cardiomyopathies |
|
|
670 | (7) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
670 | (7) |
|
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Arrhythmogenic Ventricular Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
671 | (6) |
|
Cardiac Electrophysiology |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Pharmacogenomics and Polymorphisms |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Warfarin Dosing and Clopidogrel Resistance |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
36 Renal Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
675 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Classifications and Definitions |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
680 | (4) |
|
Practical Points in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
Clinical Scenarios for Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Practical Points in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2 |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3: Acute Renocardiac Syndrome |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4: Chronic Renocardiac Syndrome |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5 (Secondary CRS) |
|
|
682 | (2) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
37 Endocrine Disorders and the Cardiovascular System |
|
|
685 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
GH Deficiency and Cardiovascular Risk Factor |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Cardiovascular System and Acromegaly |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Thyroid and Cardiovascular System |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Clinical and Hemodynamic Manifestation |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Amiodarone-lnduced Thyrotoxicosis |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular System |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
|
689 | (4) |
|
38 The Heart and Pulmonary Diseases |
|
|
693 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Heart Dysfunction Caused by Chronic Respiratory Disease |
|
|
693 | (3) |
|
Interstitial Lung Diseases or Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation Syndrome |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Systemic Diseases With Concomitant Lung and Heart Involvement |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
Malignant Lung Diseases and the Heart |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
|
699 | (8) |
|
39 Cardiovascular Drugs and Hemostasis |
|
|
707 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
Strategy for Preventing Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Radiographic Contrast Media |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Premedication Regimen in Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Antiplatelet Therapy in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
705 | (1) |
|
|
|
705 | (4) |
|
Direct-Acting P2Y12 Inhibitors |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Other Oral Antiplatelet Agents |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Parenteral Antiplatelet Agents |
|
|
706 | (3) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
Anticoagulant Therapy: Classification |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
|
711 | (6) |
|
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
Bridging Unfractionated Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, or Fondaparinux to Warfarin |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Most Common Warfarin Interactions |
|
|
712 | (4) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitors |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Pregnancy and Venous Thromboembolism |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Anticoagulant Therapy to Prevent Embolization in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Anticoagulation Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Unfractionated Heparin in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Rivaroxaban in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Apixaban in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Edoxaban in Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Anticoagulation Before Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation Treatment |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Hemostasis Management of Cardiac Surgical Hemorrhage |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Drug Action Reversal and Vitamin K Antagonists for Urgent Surgery or Invasive Procedures |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Fibrin, Albumin, and Synthetic Sealants |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
725 | (6) |
|
40 COVID-19 Infection: A Novel Fatal Pandemic of the World in 2020 |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
732 | (2) |
|
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
|
734 | (3) |
|
41 Cardiovascular Disease in the COVID-19 Era: Myocardial Injury and Thrombosis |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Approach to Patients With Acute Cardiac Injury |
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP or NT-proBNP) |
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Complications of Cardiac Injury in COVID-19 |
|
|
740 | (7) |
|
Arrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
Thrombosis in the COVID-19 Outbreak |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (3) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Screening Before Anticancer Therapy |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Assessments (Pre-Anticancer Therapy) |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Baseline Measurement of Cardiac Biomarkers |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Baseline Electrocardiogram |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Baseline Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Primary Prevention Therapy |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
Cardiovascular Therapeutics for Prevention |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
Surveillance Strategies During Cancer Treatment |
|
|
747 | (2) |
|
Asymptomatic Patients and LVEF Decrease |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
Asymptomatic Patients and LVEF Decrease Treated With Trastuzumab |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
Asymptomatic Patients With Normal LVEF but Reduction in Average GLS |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
Asymptomatic Patients and an Increase in Cardiac Troponin |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
Clinical Cardiac Dysfunction |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
Patients With a History of Mediastinal Chest Radiation |
|
|
749 | (2) |
|
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
|
|
751 | (2) |
|
43 Anesthesia and Sedation in Cardiac Patients |
|
|
753 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Preoperative Anesthetic Assessment of Patients for Cardiac Surgery |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Risk Assessment of Patients for Cardiac Surgery |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Principles of Cardiac Anesthesia |
|
|
755 | (2) |
|
Cardiac Anesthesia Drugs and Techniques |
|
|
757 | (2) |
|
|
|
757 | (2) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
Noncardiac Surgery in Cardiac Patients |
|
|
759 | (3) |
|
Sedation and Analgesia for Cardiovascular Procedures |
|
|
762 | (2) |
|
Drugs Used for Procedural Sedation |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Monitoring During Procedural Sedation |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Sedation and Respiratory Care in Critically III Cardiac Care Unit Patients |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (3) |
|
44 Principles of Cardiovascular Surgery |
|
|
769 | (16) |
|
|
|
Alireza Alizadeh Ghavidel |
|
|
Extracorporeal Circulation |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Increased Ventricular Afterload |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Approach to a Low-Output State |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary and Tricuspid Valves |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
Heparin-lnduced Thrombocytopenia |
|
|
774 | (6) |
|
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
|
775 | (3) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
Atrial Fibrillation Surgery |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
Cardiac Surgery and COVID-19 |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
782 | (3) |
| Index |
|
785 | |
