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Practical Diagnostic Approaches in Non-Gynaecologic Cytology 2021 ed. [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 260 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 821 g, 67 Illustrations, color; 26 Illustrations, black and white, 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Aug-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • ISBN-10: 9811529604
  • ISBN-13: 9789811529603
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Practical Diagnostic Approaches in Non-Gynaecologic Cytology 2021 ed.Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 260 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 821 g, 67 Illustrations, color; 26 Illustrations, black and white, 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Aug-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • ISBN-10: 9811529604
  • ISBN-13: 9789811529603
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9789811529603.html

This book presents rational diagnostic approaches to common areas of cytopathology, such as thyroid, lymph node and effusion cytology. It discusses differential diagnoses for each site, and describes a systematic approach to narrow down differential diagnoses in a logical manner based on cytomorphology and the judicious application of ancillary tests. Further, it introduces discriminatory panels of immunohistochemical tests, with an emphasis on patient-centred approaches with active clinicopathologic correlations. In addition, it provides practical recommendations for optimizing tissue triage for ancillary testing, in terms of both diagnostic and therapy-related testing. The book also includes sample diagnostic reports to help readers formulate appropriate comments and to aid clinicians in specific clinical scenarios, as well as test cases for readers to apply their diagnostic and specimen triage algorithms.

The book equips readers to apply logical approaches to sound cytopathology reporting in daily clinical practice, guiding them through specimen collection and triage to diagnostic workup based on morphologic and clinical features, and writing rational and clinically useful diagnostic cytology reports with a focus on clinicopathologic correlation. As such it is relevant for practising cytopathologists and pathology trainees as well as for cytologists (cytotechnologists) and other clinicians involved in cytopathology diagnostic processes.


Part I Foundational Approaches in Cytopathology
1 Basic Principles in Cytopathology: Things I Wish I Knew at the Start
3(8)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Four Principles in Cytology
4(1)
1.2.1 Know What Cytology Can and Can't Do
4(1)
1.2.2 Have a Morphological Approach
4(1)
1.2.3 Know the Major Classification Systems
5(1)
1.2.4 Accept That There Will Always Be Cells You Can't Figure Out
5(1)
1.3 The Triple Approach
5(2)
1.3.1 Cytomorphologic Evaluation
6(1)
1.3.2 Clinical Information
6(1)
1.3.3 Ancillary Tests
7(1)
1.4 Four Tips for Improving Diagnostic Proficiency
7(2)
1.4.1 Compare, Compare, Compare
7(1)
1.4.2 Seek Out the Equivocal Cells on Immunohistochemistry
7(1)
1.4.3 Create a Mental or Photographic Archive
7(1)
1.4.4 Curiosity Is a Good Thing: Follow That Case Up!
8(1)
References
9(2)
2 The Cytology Report: Practical Tips
11(8)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Three Important Questions
12(2)
2.2.1 What Is the Reason for the Biopsy/Sample?
12(1)
2.2.2 How Can I Provide the Most Accurate Information in the Clearest Manner Possible?
12(1)
2.2.3 When Should I Include a Comment?
13(1)
2.3 The Cytology Report: What Goes In?
14(1)
2.4 Levels of Diagnostic Certainty
14(1)
2.4.1 Brief Scenario
15(1)
2.5 Example Reports
15(4)
2.5.1 Conveying Uncertainty as to Whether the Sample Is Representative
15(1)
2.5.2 Conveying Correlation with Relevant Past Medical History
16(1)
2.5.3 Recommendations for Further Management
16(3)
3 The Triple Approach in Cytopathology: Its Practical Application
19(14)
3.1 Introduction
19(1)
3.2 Elements of the Triple Approach
19(10)
3.2.1 Clinical Information
20(1)
3.2.2 Cytology (Gross and Microscopic Evaluation)
21(5)
3.2.3 Ancillary Tests
26(3)
3.3 Applying the Triple Approach
29(1)
3.3.1 Start with the Most Basic Clinical Information
29(1)
3.3.2 Form a Quick Diagnostic Impression
29(1)
3.3.3 Perform a Careful Check of the Relevant Clinical History If Necessary
29(1)
3.3.4 Carefully Screen All Slides
29(1)
3.3.5 If Additional Material Is Available, Decide on Whether Ancillary Tests Are Required
29(1)
3.3.6 Consult a Colleague If Necessary
29(1)
3.3.7 Craft the Cytology Report
30(1)
3.4 Outline of a Case
30(3)
4 On-Site Evaluation and the Provisional Report
33(8)
4.1 Introduction
33(1)
4.2 Sample Adequacy and Triage
33(3)
4.2.1 Sample Adequacy
33(2)
4.2.2 Specimen Triage
35(1)
4.3 Provisional Diagnosis
36(1)
4.3.1 Information That a Provisional Report May Include
36(1)
4.4 Sample Case for Provisional Report
36(2)
References
38(3)
Part II System-Specific Approaches in Cytopathology
5 Approach to Thyroid Cytology
41(40)
5.1 Introduction
42(1)
5.2 Main Diagnostic Entities and Classification Systems
42(2)
5.2.1 Main Diagnostic Entities
42(1)
5.2.2 NIFTP: A Recently Defined Entity
43(1)
5.2.3 Major Classification Systems in Thyroid Cytology
43(1)
5.3 The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology
44(2)
5.3.1 Non-diagnostic
44(1)
5.3.2 Benign
45(1)
5.3.3 Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS)/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS)
45(1)
5.3.4 Follicular Neoplasm (FN)/Suspicious for Follicular Neoplasm (SFN)
45(1)
5.3.5 Suspicious for Malignancy (SM)
45(1)
5.3.6 Malignant
46(1)
5.4 What Cytology Can't Diagnose in the Thyroid
46(1)
5.5 Brief Technical Notes
47(1)
5.5.1 Needle Gauge
47(1)
5.5.2 Ultrasound Guidance
48(1)
5.5.3 Collecting Material for Ancillary Tests
48(1)
5.6 Triple Approach
48(19)
5.6.1 Clinical Information
49(2)
5.6.2 Cytology (Gross and Microscopic Evaluation)
51(14)
5.6.3 Ancillary Tests
65(2)
5.7 Specific Challenges
67(6)
5.7.1 Cystic Lesions
67(1)
5.7.2 Hurthle Cell-Rich Lesions
68(1)
5.7.3 Lymphoid-Rich Lesions (When to Diagnose Lymphoid Atypia?)
69(1)
5.7.4 The Atypical FNA: When to Call Something FLUS/AUS?
70(3)
5.8 Pitfalls
73(5)
5.8.1 False Negatives/Undercalls
73(1)
5.8.2 False Positives
74(2)
5.8.3 Mimics
76(2)
References
78(3)
6 Approach to Lymph Node Cytology
81(42)
6.1 Introduction
81(1)
6.2 Main Diagnostic Entities and a Working Classification System
82(3)
6.2.1 Main Diagnostic Entities
82(1)
6.2.2 Working Classification System
83(2)
6.3 Lymphomas: Role of Cytology
85(1)
6.4 Brief Technical Notes
86(1)
6.4.1 Needle Gauge
86(1)
6.4.2 Personal Protective Equipment
86(1)
6.4.3 Collecting Material for Ancillary Tests
86(1)
6.5 Triple Approach
87(15)
6.5.1 Clinical Information
87(3)
6.5.2 Cytology (Gross and Microscopic Evaluation)
90(10)
6.5.3 Ancillary Tests
100(2)
6.6 A Sequential, Pattern-Based Diagnostic Approach
102(6)
6.6.1 Is This a Lymphoid Population?
103(1)
6.6.2 What Is the Main Architectural Pattern?
104(3)
6.6.3 In a Lymphoid Lesion, What Is the Main CellMake-Up?
107(1)
6.6.4 If This Is a Non-lymphoid Lesion, Could This Be a Non-nodal Lesion?
108(1)
6.6.5 Is There Any Relevant Clinical Finding that Ties in with the Lymphadenopathy?
108(1)
6.7 Pitfalls
108(11)
6.7.1 False Positives
108(5)
6.7.2 False Negatives
113(3)
6.7.3 Mimics
116(3)
References
119(4)
7 Approach to Salivary Gland Cytology
123(34)
7.1 Introduction
124(1)
7.2 Main Diagnostic Entities and the Milan System
124(3)
7.2.1 Non-diagnostic
124(2)
7.2.2 Non-neoplastic
126(1)
7.2.3 Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS)
126(1)
7.2.4 Neoplasm
126(1)
7.2.5 Suspicious for Malignancy
127(1)
7.2.6 Malignant
127(1)
7.3 Salivary Gland FNA: What Cytology Can and Cannot Do
127(1)
7.4 What Do Clinicians Need from Us?
128(1)
7.5 Triple Approach, with a Pattern-Based Morphologic Approach
128(11)
7.5.1 Clinical Information
128(2)
7.5.2 Alarming/Red Flag Clinical Findings
130(1)
7.5.3 Cytology (Gross and Microscopic Evaluation)
130(7)
7.5.4 Ancillary Tests
137(2)
7.6 Specific Challenging Areas
139(12)
7.6.1 Cystic Lesions
139(2)
7.6.2 Lymphoid-Rich Lesions
141(2)
7.6.3 Basaloid Neoplasms
143(1)
7.6.4 Oncocytic/Oncocytoid Lesions
144(2)
7.6.5 Low-Grade Malignancies
146(5)
7.7 Pitfalls
151(3)
7.7.1 False Positives and Negatives
151(1)
7.7.2 Mimics
151(3)
References
154(3)
8 Approach to Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided FNA of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas
157(49)
8.1 Introduction
157(1)
8.2 EUS FNA: What's Good to Know
158(2)
8.2.1 Needle Route
159(1)
8.2.2 ROSE
159(1)
8.2.3 Specimen Triage for Ancillary Testing
160(1)
8.3 GIT
160(14)
8.3.1 Triple Approach
161(7)
8.3.2 Specific Challenges
168(2)
8.3.3 Pitfalls (False Positives, False Negatives, Mimics)
170(4)
8.4 Pancreas
174(27)
8.4.1 Spectrum of Diagnostic Entities and the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Guidelines
175(1)
8.4.2 What Pancreatic Cytology Can and Cannot Diagnose
176(1)
8.4.3 Technical Issues in Pancreatic EUS FNA
177(2)
8.4.4 A Systematic Approach: Key Questions
179(1)
8.4.5 Triple Approach
180(10)
8.4.6 Specific Challenges
190(7)
8.4.7 Pitfalls (False Positives, False Negatives and Mimics)
197(4)
References
201(5)
9 Approach to Effusion Cytology
206(39)
9.1 Introduction
206(1)
9.2 Spectrum of Conditions and Classification Systems
207(1)
9.2.1 Cytologic Classification Systems
208(1)
9.3 Technical Notes
208(3)
9.3.1 Collection Method
208(1)
9.3.2 Fluid Volume
208(2)
9.3.3 Optimising Cellular Yield
210(1)
9.3.4 Sample Triage for Ancillary Testing
210(1)
9.4 Triple Approach
211(23)
9.4.1 Clinical Information
211(2)
9.4.2 Cytology (Gross and Microscopic Evaluation)
213(16)
9.4.3 Ancillary Tests
229(5)
9.5 Pitfalls
234(7)
9.5.1 False Negatives
234(1)
9.5.2 False Positives
235(4)
9.5.3 Mimics
239(2)
References
241(4)
Index 245
Dr Min En Nga (FRCPath; FRCPA; FIAC) is an alumnus of the Faculty of Medicine at the National University of Singapore (NUS). She was awarded fellowships by the Royal College of Pathologists, of both the United Kingdom and Australasia, as well as the International Academy of Cytology. She has been practicing anatomical pathology at the National University Hospitals Department of Pathology since 2005, and was the Director of the cytology section and quality assurance program in cytology. She is also an Associate Professor at the Department of Pathology at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore. She is currently a council member of the Singapore Society of Cytology and editor of its CytoPage newsletter. Dr Nga received the Singapore Society of Pathologys Becton Dickinson Research Award in 2012, as well as numerous NUS teaching excellence awards, and was included in the NUS Teaching Excellence Honour Roll in 2016. In 2019, she was selected by the NUS as the recipient of the universitys Outstanding Educator Award. She is currently the supervisor of postgraduate cytology training in NUH and a frequent invited speaker at cytopathology workshops, including the Australian Society of Cytology Annual Scientific Meetings; International Academy of Pathology Cytology Companion Meetings. She also addressed the Indian Academy of Cytologists in November 2017.