| Preface |
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xliii | |
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Chapter 1 Welcome to Linux |
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1 | (22) |
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The History of UNIX and GNU-Linux |
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2 | (9) |
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The Heritage of Linux: UNIX |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Linux Is More Than a Kernel |
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6 | (1) |
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Open-Source Software and Licensing |
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6 | (1) |
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What Is So Good About Linux? |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (8) |
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Linux Has a Kernel Programming Interface |
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11 | (1) |
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Linux Can Support Many Users |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Linux Provides a Secure Hierarchical Filesystem |
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12 | (1) |
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The Shell: Command Interpreter and Programming Language |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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GUIs: Graphical User Interfaces |
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16 | (2) |
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A Large Collection of Useful Utilities |
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18 | (1) |
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Interprocess Communication |
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18 | (1) |
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(Inter)Networking Utilities |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Choosing an Operating System |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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PART I INSTALLING UBUNTU LINUX |
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23 | (72) |
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Chapter 2 Installation Overview |
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25 | (30) |
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Conventions Used in This Book |
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26 | (3) |
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LPI and CompTIA Certification Icons |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Planning the Installation |
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30 | (5) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Interfaces: Installer and Installed System |
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33 | (1) |
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Gathering Information About the System |
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34 | (1) |
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Ubuntu Releases, Editions, and Derivatives |
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35 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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Ubuntu Standard Editions: Desktop and Server Images |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (9) |
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Primary, Extended, and Logical Partitions |
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39 | (1) |
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The Linux Directory Hierarchy |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (1) |
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LVM: Logical Volume Manager |
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46 | (1) |
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Downloading an Image File and Burning/Writing the Installation Medium |
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47 | (6) |
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The Easy Way to Download an Installation Image File |
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47 | (1) |
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Other Ways to Download an Installation Image File |
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48 | (3) |
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Verifying an Installation Image File |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Writing to a USB Flash Drive |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Step-by-Step Installation |
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55 | (40) |
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Booting Ubuntu and Running a Live Session |
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56 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (12) |
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Installing from a Live Session |
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60 | (1) |
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Installing from the Desktop Boot Menu |
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61 | (1) |
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The ubiquity Graphical Installer |
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61 | (6) |
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The ubiquity Advanced Partitioning Screen |
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67 | (3) |
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Initializing Databases and Updating the System |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (22) |
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72 | (3) |
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Modifying Boot Parameters (Options) |
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75 | (2) |
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Rescue Mode: Rescuing a Broken System |
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77 | (1) |
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debian-installer: The Ubuntu Textual Installer |
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78 | (10) |
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gnome-disks: The GNOME Disk Utility |
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88 | (3) |
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Setting Up a Dual-Boot System |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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PART II USING UBUNTU LINUX |
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95 | (236) |
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Chapter 4 Introduction to Ubuntu |
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97 | (52) |
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Curbing Your Power: root Privileges/sudo |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (5) |
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100 | (3) |
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Installing the GNOME Flashback Desktop |
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103 | (1) |
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Working with the Unity Desktop |
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104 | (4) |
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105 | (1) |
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The Dash and the Run a Command Window |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Cutting and Pasting Objects Using the Clipboard |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Using the Nautilus File Manager |
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108 | (5) |
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The Nautilus File Browser Window |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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The Object Properties Window |
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111 | (2) |
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The System Settings Window |
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113 | (5) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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User Accounts: Changing Your Account Type and Password (GUI) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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118 | (1) |
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Using the Internet to Get Help |
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119 | (2) |
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Installing, Removing, and Updating Software Packages |
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121 | (4) |
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Software & Updates Window |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Adding and Removing Software |
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124 | (1) |
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Installing Other Desktop Environments |
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124 | (1) |
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Working from the Command Line |
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125 | (17) |
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Running Commands from the Command Line |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (4) |
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Running Basic Command-Line Utilities |
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132 | (2) |
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Writing and Executing a Basic Shell Script |
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134 | (1) |
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Getting Help from the Command Line |
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135 | (7) |
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More About Logging In and Passwords |
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142 | (3) |
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What to Do If You Cannot Log In |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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passwd: Changing Your Password (CLI) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (34) |
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150 | (1) |
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Ordinary Files and Directory Files |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (7) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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Processing the Command Line |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Standard Input and Standard Output |
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159 | (12) |
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160 | (1) |
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The Keyboard and Screen as Standard Input and Standard Output |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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166 | (4) |
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170 | (1) |
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Running a Command in the Background |
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171 | (2) |
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Moving a Job from the Foreground to the Background |
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172 | (1) |
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kill: Aborting a Background Job |
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172 | (1) |
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Filename Generation/Pathname Expansion |
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173 | (5) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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The [ ] Special Characters |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Utilities and Builtins Introduced in This Chapter |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 The Linux Filesystem |
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183 | (40) |
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The Hierarchical Filesystem |
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184 | (1) |
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Ordinary Files and Directory Files |
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185 | (4) |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (8) |
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mkdir: Creates a Directory |
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192 | (1) |
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cd: Changes to Another Working Directory |
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193 | (1) |
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rmdir: Deletes a Directory |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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mv, cp: Move or Copy Files |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Important Standard Directories and Files |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (7) |
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ls--1: Displays Permissions |
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199 | (2) |
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chmod: Changes File Access Permissions |
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201 | (2) |
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chown: Changes File Ownership |
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203 | (1) |
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chgrp: Changes File Group Association |
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203 | (1) |
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Setuid and Setgid Permissions |
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204 | (1) |
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Directory Access Permissions |
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205 | (1) |
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ACLs: Access Control Lists |
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206 | (5) |
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207 | (1) |
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Working with Access Rules |
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207 | (3) |
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Setting Default Rules for a Directory |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (6) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 The Linux Utilities |
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223 | (62) |
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224 | (8) |
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cat: Joins and Displays Files |
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224 | (2) |
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date: Displays the System Time and Date |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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hostname: Displays the System Name |
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227 | (1) |
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less Is more: Display a Text File One Screen at a Time |
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228 | (1) |
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ls: Displays Information About Files |
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229 | (2) |
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rm: Removes a File (Deletes a Link) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (21) |
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232 | (1) |
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cut: Selects Characters or Fields from Input Lines |
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233 | (2) |
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diff: Displays the Differences Between Two Text Files |
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235 | (2) |
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file: Displays the Classification of a File |
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237 | (1) |
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find: Finds Files Based on Criteria |
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237 | (3) |
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grep: Searches for a Pattern in Files |
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240 | (3) |
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head: Displays the Beginning of a File |
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243 | (1) |
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lpr: Sends Files to Printers |
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243 | (2) |
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mv: Renames or Moves a File |
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245 | (2) |
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sort: Sorts and/or Merges Files |
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247 | (2) |
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tail: Displays the Last Part of a File |
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249 | (2) |
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touch: Changes File Modification and Access Times |
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251 | (1) |
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wc: Displays the Number of Lines, Words, and Bytes in Files |
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252 | (1) |
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Compressing and Archiving Files |
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253 | (7) |
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xz, bzip2, and gzip: Compress and Decompress Files |
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253 | (4) |
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tar: Stores or Extracts Files to/from an Archive File |
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257 | (3) |
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Displaying User and System Information |
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260 | (3) |
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free: Displays Memory Usage Information |
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261 | (1) |
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uptime: Displays System Load and Duration Information |
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261 | (1) |
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w: Lists Users on the System |
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262 | (1) |
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who: Lists Users on the System |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (7) |
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which and whereis: Locate a Utility |
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263 | (1) |
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locate: Searches for a File |
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264 | (1) |
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script: Records a Shell Session |
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265 | (1) |
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tr: Replaces Specified Characters |
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266 | (2) |
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unix2dos: Converts Linux Files to Windows and Macintosh Format |
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268 | (1) |
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xargs: Converts Standard Input to Command Lines |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (10) |
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Tutorial: Using vim to Create and Edit a File |
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270 | (7) |
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Tutorial: Using nano to Create and Edit a File |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Networking and the Internet |
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285 | (46) |
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Introduction to Networking |
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286 | (2) |
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Types of Networks and How They Work |
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288 | (19) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (1) |
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Internetworking Through Gateways and Routers |
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293 | (3) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (4) |
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CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Communicate over a Network |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (7) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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telnet: Logs In on a Remote System |
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309 | (2) |
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ftp: Transfers Files over a Network |
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311 | (1) |
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ping: Tests a Network Connection |
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311 | (1) |
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traceroute: Traces a Route over the Internet |
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312 | (1) |
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host and dig: Query Internet Nameservers |
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313 | (1) |
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whois: Looks Up Information About an Internet Site |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (10) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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NIS: Network Information Service |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (2) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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URL: Uniform Resource Locator |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
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PART III SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION |
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331 | (380) |
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Chapter 9 The Bourne Again Shell (bash) |
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333 | (92) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
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336 | (1) |
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Interactive Nonlogin Shells |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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(Dot) or source: Runs a Startup File in the Current Shell |
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338 | (1) |
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Commands That Are Symbols |
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339 | (1) |
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Redirecting Standard Error |
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339 | (3) |
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Writing and Executing a Shell Script |
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342 | (5) |
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chmod: Makes a File Executable |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Control Operators: Separate and Group Commands |
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347 | (5) |
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and NEWLINE Separate Commands |
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347 | (1) |
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I and & Separate Commands and Do Something Else |
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348 | (1) |
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&& and || Boolean Control Operators |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (3) |
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352 | (1) |
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fg: Brings a Job to the Foreground |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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bg: Sends a Job to the Background |
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354 | (1) |
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Manipulating the Directory Stack |
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355 | (3) |
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355 | (1) |
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pushd: Pushes a Directory on the Stack |
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356 | (1) |
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popd: Pops a Directory off the Stack |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (14) |
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359 | (3) |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (8) |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (3) |
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374 | (1) |
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locale: Displays Locale Information |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (3) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (16) |
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Variables That Control History |
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383 | (1) |
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Reexecuting and Editing Commands |
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384 | (8) |
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392 | (6) |
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398 | (4) |
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Single Versus Double Quotation Marks in Aliases |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (2) |
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Controlling bash: Features and Options |
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404 | (5) |
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bash Command-Line Options |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (4) |
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Processing the Command Line |
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409 | (11) |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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Parsing and Scanning the Command Line |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (10) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (2) |
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423 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 System Administration: Core Concepts |
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425 | (54) |
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The Upstart Event-Based init Daemon |
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427 | (10) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (5) |
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SysVinit (rc) Scripts: Start and Stop System Services |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (7) |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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Going to Graphical Multiuser Mode |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (2) |
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443 | (1) |
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Using Loadable Kernel Modules |
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444 | (1) |
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GRUB: The Linux Boot Loader |
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444 | (6) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (4) |
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grub-mkconfig: Generates the grub.cfg File |
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449 | (1) |
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grub-install: Installs the MBR and GRUB Files |
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450 | (1) |
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Recovery (Single-User) Mode |
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450 | (4) |
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Booting the System to Recovery (Single-User) Mode |
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451 | (3) |
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Textual System Administration Utilities |
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454 | (6) |
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460 | (4) |
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Standard Rules in Configuration Files |
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461 | (2) |
|
rpcinfo: Displays Information About rpcbind |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
DHCP: Configures Network Interfaces |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
nsswitch.conf: Which Service to Look at First |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
compat Method: ± in passwd, group, and shadow Files |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (5) |
|
Starting X from a Character-Based Display |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Remote Computing and Local Displays |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Remapping Mouse Buttons (CLI) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Chapter 11 Files, Directories, and Filesystems |
|
|
479 | (30) |
|
Important Files and Directories |
|
|
480 | (13) |
|
|
|
493 | (4) |
|
Ordinary Files, Directories, Links, and Inodes |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
|
|
497 | (9) |
|
mount: Mounts a Filesystem |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
umount: Unmounts a Filesystem |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
du: Displays Disk Usage Information |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
fstab: Keeps Track of Filesystems |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
fsck: Checks Filesystem Integrity |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
tune2fs: Changes Filesystem Parameters |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 Finding, Downloading, and Installing Software |
|
|
509 | (30) |
|
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
JumpStart: Installing and Removing Software Packages Using apt-get |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Finding the Package That Holds an Application or File You Need |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
APT: Keeps the System Up to Date |
|
|
515 | (9) |
|
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
sources.list: Specifies Repositories for APT to Search |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
The APT Local Package Indexes and the APT Cache |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
The apt cron Script and APT Configuration Files |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
apt-get: Works with Packages and the Local Package Index |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
apt-cache: Displays Package Information |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
apt-get source: Downloads Source Files |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
dpkg: The Debian Package Management System |
|
|
524 | (7) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
dpkg: The Foundation of the Debian Package Management System |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
transmission-cli: Downloading a BitTorrent File |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Installing Non-dpkg Software |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
The /opt and /usr/local Directories |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
GNU Configure and Build System |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
Keeping Software Up to Date |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
curl: Downloads Files Noninteractively |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
Chapter 13 Printing with CUPS |
|
|
539 | (24) |
|
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
The System Configures a Local Printer Automatically |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
JumpStart I Configuring a Printer Using system-config-printer |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
JumpStart II Setting Up a Local or Remote Printer |
|
|
544 | (4) |
|
Working with the CUPS Web Interface |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (8) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Using the CUPS Web Interface |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Traditional UNIX Printing |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
Chapter 14 Administration Tasks |
|
|
563 | (32) |
|
Configuring User and Group Accounts |
|
|
564 | (4) |
|
unity-control-center: Manages User Accounts |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
Managing User Accounts from the Command Line |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
|
568 | (5) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
Performing a Simple Backup |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
cron and anacron: Schedule Routine Tasks |
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
at: Runs Occasional Tasks |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
vmstat: Reports Virtual Memory Statistics |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
top: Lists Processes Using the Most Resources |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (15) |
|
timedatectl: Reports on and Sets the System Clock |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
parted: Reports on and Partitions a Hard Disk |
|
|
579 | (3) |
|
logrotate: Manages Log Files |
|
|
582 | (3) |
|
rsyslogd: Logs System Messages |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
|
587 | (6) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Chapter 15 System Security |
|
|
595 | (66) |
|
Running Commands with root Privileges |
|
|
596 | (19) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
The Special Powers of a User Working with root Privileges |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
Real UID Versus Effective UID |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Using su to Gain root Privileges |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
Using sudo to Gain root Privileges |
|
|
602 | (11) |
|
Unlocking the root Account (Assigning a Password to root) |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (5) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
617 | (4) |
|
|
|
621 | (5) |
|
|
|
626 | (15) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
Cryptographic Hash Functions |
|
|
632 | (4) |
|
Signing a Message Using a Hash Value |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (4) |
|
|
|
641 | (15) |
|
Tutorial: Using GPG to Secure a File |
|
|
641 | (7) |
|
gpg-agent: Holds Your Private Keys |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Make Your Communication More Secure |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Encrypting and Decrypting a File |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
Signing and Encrypting a File |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Signing a Key on Your Keyring |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (4) |
|
|
|
656 | (3) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Chapter 16 Configuring and Monitoring a LAN |
|
|
661 | (26) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (4) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
NIC: Network Interface Card |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
NetworkManager: Configures Network Connections |
|
|
667 | (5) |
|
The NetworkManager Applet Menu |
|
|
668 | (4) |
|
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
|
|
674 | (9) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
Basic Cacti Administration |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
Chapter 17 Setting Up Virtual Machines Locally and in the Cloud |
|
|
687 | (24) |
|
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (7) |
|
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
virt-manager: Installing Ubuntu on QEMU/KVM |
|
|
693 | (4) |
|
virsh: Work with VMs on the Command Line |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
VMware Player: Installing Ubuntu on VMware |
|
|
698 | (5) |
|
Installing VMware Player on a Linux System |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Installing VMware Player on a Windows System |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Installing Ubuntu on VMware Player |
|
|
700 | (3) |
|
|
|
703 | (5) |
|
AWS: Setting Up a Virtual System in the Cloud |
|
|
704 | (4) |
|
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (2) |
|
PART IV USING CLIENTS AND SETTING UP SERVERS |
|
|
711 | (290) |
|
Chapter 18 The OpenSSH Secure Communication Utilities |
|
|
713 | (28) |
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Running the ssh, scp, and sftp OpenSSH Clients |
|
|
716 | (11) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
JumpStart I Using ssh and scp to Connect to an OpenSSH Server |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Configuring OpenSSH Clients |
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
ssh: Logs in or Executes Commands on a Remote System |
|
|
720 | (3) |
|
scp: Copies Files to and from a Remote System |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
sftp: A Secure FTP Client |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
~/.ssh/config and /etc/ssh/ssh_config Configuration Files |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
Setting Up an OpenSSH Server (sshd) |
|
|
727 | (8) |
|
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
JumpStart II Starting an OpenSSH Server |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
Authorized Keys: Automatic Login |
|
|
728 | (2) |
|
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
ssh-agent: Holds Your Private Keys |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
/etc/ssh/sshd_config Configuration File |
|
|
732 | (3) |
|
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Tunneling/Port Forwarding |
|
|
735 | (3) |
|
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
|
739 | (2) |
|
Chapter 19 The rsync Secure Copy Utility |
|
|
741 | (12) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (3) |
|
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (7) |
|
Using a Trailing Slash (/) on source-file |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
Copying Files to and from a Remote System |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
|
749 | (3) |
|
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Chapter 20 FTP: Transferring Files Across a Network |
|
|
753 | (26) |
|
|
|
754 | (2) |
|
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
Running the ftp and sftp FTP Clients |
|
|
756 | (8) |
|
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
JumpStart I Downloading Files Using ftp |
|
|
756 | (3) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Binary Versus ASCII Transfer Mode |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
|
761 | (3) |
|
Setting Up an FTP Server (vsftpd) |
|
|
764 | (13) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
JumpStart II Starting a vsftpd FTP Server |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Configuring a vsftpd Server |
|
|
766 | (11) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
Chapter 21 postfix: Setting Up Mail Servers, Clients, and More |
|
|
779 | (34) |
|
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Mailboxes: mbox Versus maildir Format |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (3) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
The postfix to sendmail Compatibility Interface |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Setting Up a postfix Mail Server |
|
|
784 | (3) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
785 | (1) |
|
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
JumpStart: Configuring postfix to Use Gmail as a Smarthost |
|
|
787 | (2) |
|
|
|
789 | (8) |
|
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
The /etc/postfix/main.cf File |
|
|
789 | (4) |
|
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
The /etc/postfix/master.cf File |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
dpkg-reconfigure: Reconfigures postfix |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (4) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
|
799 | (2) |
|
|
|
801 | (6) |
|
|
|
801 | (3) |
|
|
|
804 | (3) |
|
dovecot: Setting Up an IMAP or POP3 Mail Server |
|
|
807 | (3) |
|
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
|
808 | (2) |
|
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
|
813 | (30) |
|
|
|
814 | (3) |
|
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
|
817 | (5) |
|
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
Configuring an NIS Client |
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
Troubleshooting an NIS Client |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
yppasswd: Changes NIS Passwords |
|
|
821 | (1) |
|
|
|
822 | (8) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
Configuring an NIS Server |
|
|
824 | (5) |
|
Troubleshooting an NIS Server |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
yppasswdd: The NIS Password Update Daemon |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
|
830 | (3) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
Setting Up an LDAP Server |
|
|
833 | (6) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
Modifying and Adding Directory Entries |
|
|
834 | (4) |
|
Using Thunderbird with LDAP |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
|
|
840 | (3) |
|
Chapter 23 NFS: Sharing Directory Hierarchies |
|
|
843 | (26) |
|
|
|
845 | (2) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (6) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
JumpStart I Mounting a Remote Directory Hierarchy |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
mount: Mounts a Directory Hierarchy |
|
|
849 | (3) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
/etc/fstab: Mounts Directory Hierarchies Automatically |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
|
853 | (10) |
|
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
JumpStart II Configuring an NFS Server Using shares-admin |
|
|
855 | (2) |
|
Manually Exporting a Directory Hierarchy |
|
|
857 | (3) |
|
Where the System Keeps NFS Mount Information |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
exportfs: Maintains the List of Exported Directory Hierarchies |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
automount: Mounts Directory Hierarchies on Demand |
|
|
863 | (3) |
|
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
|
867 | (2) |
|
Chapter 24 Samba: Linux and Windows File and Printer Sharing |
|
|
869 | (22) |
|
|
|
870 | (4) |
|
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
Samba Users, User Maps, and Passwords |
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
smbpasswd and pdbedit: Work with Samba Users and Passwords |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
|
874 | (4) |
|
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
Working with Shares from Linux |
|
|
874 | (3) |
|
Working with Shares from Windows |
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
Setting Up a Samba Server |
|
|
878 | (9) |
|
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
JumpStart: Configuring a Samba Server Using shares-admin |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
smb.conf: Manually Configuring a Samba Server |
|
|
880 | (7) |
|
|
|
887 | (2) |
|
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
Chapter 25 DNS/BIND: Tracking Domain Names and Addresses |
|
|
891 | (32) |
|
|
|
892 | (12) |
|
Nodes, Domains, and Subdomains |
|
|
893 | (2) |
|
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (4) |
|
DNS Queries and Responses |
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
|
903 | (1) |
|
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
|
|
904 | (3) |
|
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
JumpStart: Setting Up a DNS Cache |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
|
907 | (13) |
|
named.conf: The named Configuration File |
|
|
907 | (3) |
|
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (3) |
|
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
TSIGs: Transaction Signatures |
|
|
915 | (2) |
|
Running BIND in a chroot Jail |
|
|
917 | (2) |
|
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
|
921 | (2) |
|
Chapter 26 ufw, gufw, and iptables: Setting Up a Firewall |
|
|
923 | (28) |
|
ufw: The Uncomplicated Firewall |
|
|
924 | (3) |
|
gufw: The Graphical Interface to ufw |
|
|
927 | (5) |
|
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
|
928 | (4) |
|
|
|
932 | (5) |
|
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Anatomy of an iptables Command |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Building a Set of Rules Using iptables |
|
|
937 | (7) |
|
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
|
|
939 | (1) |
|
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
|
|
940 | (2) |
|
|
|
942 | (2) |
|
Copying Rules to and from the Kernel |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
Sharing an Internet Connection Using NAT |
|
|
945 | (3) |
|
Connecting Several Clients to a Single Internet Connection |
|
|
946 | (2) |
|
Connecting Several Servers to a Single Internet Connection |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
|
949 | (1) |
|
|
|
949 | (2) |
|
Chapter 27 Apache (apache2): Setting Up a Web Server |
|
|
951 | (50) |
|
|
|
952 | (2) |
|
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
Running an Apache Web Server |
|
|
954 | (7) |
|
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
JumpStart: Getting Apache Up and Running |
|
|
955 | (2) |
|
|
|
957 | (2) |
|
|
|
959 | (2) |
|
|
|
961 | (10) |
|
Directives You Might Want to Modify as You Get Started |
|
|
962 | (4) |
|
|
|
966 | (5) |
|
Advanced Configuration Directives |
|
|
971 | (19) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
Server-Generated Directory Listings (Indexing) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
|
986 | (4) |
|
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
|
|
991 | (6) |
|
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
|
992 | (2) |
|
Authentication Modules and .htaccess Files |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
Multiprocessing Modules (MPMs) |
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
webalizer: Analyzes Web Traffic |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
|
|
999 | (2) |
|
|
|
1001 | (158) |
|
Chapter 28 Programming the Bourne Again Shell (bash) |
|
|
1003 | (100) |
|
|
|
1004 | (34) |
|
|
|
1005 | (4) |
|
|
|
1009 | (2) |
|
|
|
1011 | (6) |
|
|
|
1017 | (2) |
|
|
|
1019 | (2) |
|
|
|
1021 | (4) |
|
|
|
1025 | (2) |
|
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
|
|
1028 | (6) |
|
|
|
1034 | (2) |
|
|
|
1036 | (2) |
|
|
|
1038 | (6) |
|
Opening a File Descriptor |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
Duplicating a File Descriptor |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (3) |
|
Determining Whether a File Descriptor Is Associated with the Terminal |
|
|
1042 | (2) |
|
|
|
1044 | (9) |
|
|
|
1044 | (5) |
|
|
|
1049 | (4) |
|
|
|
1053 | (9) |
|
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Environment, Environment Variables, and Inheritance |
|
|
1054 | (4) |
|
Expanding Null and Unset Variables |
|
|
1058 | (2) |
|
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
|
|
1062 | (16) |
|
type: Displays Information About a Command |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
|
|
1063 | (4) |
|
exec: Executes a Command or Redirects File Descriptors |
|
|
1067 | (2) |
|
|
|
1069 | (3) |
|
|
|
1072 | (1) |
|
eval: Scans, Evaluates, and Executes a Command Line |
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
|
|
1074 | (3) |
|
A Partial List of Builtins |
|
|
1077 | (1) |
|
|
|
1078 | (7) |
|
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
Logical Evaluation (Conditional Expressions) |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
|
|
1081 | (4) |
|
Implicit Command-Line Continuation |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
|
|
1086 | (10) |
|
|
|
1087 | (3) |
|
|
|
1090 | (6) |
|
|
|
1096 | (2) |
|
|
|
1098 | (2) |
|
|
|
1100 | (3) |
|
Chapter 29 The Python Programming Language |
|
|
1103 | (32) |
|
|
|
1104 | (4) |
|
|
|
1104 | (2) |
|
|
|
1106 | (1) |
|
Writing to Standard Output and Reading from Standard Input |
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
Scalar Variables, Lists, and Dictionaries |
|
|
1108 | (6) |
|
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
|
|
1109 | (4) |
|
|
|
1113 | (1) |
|
|
|
1114 | (5) |
|
|
|
1115 | (1) |
|
|
|
1115 | (1) |
|
|
|
1116 | (1) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
|
1117 | (2) |
|
Reading from and Writing to Files |
|
|
1119 | (4) |
|
|
|
1119 | (1) |
|
|
|
1120 | (2) |
|
|
|
1122 | (1) |
|
|
|
1123 | (1) |
|
|
|
1124 | (1) |
|
|
|
1125 | (4) |
|
|
|
1125 | (1) |
|
|
|
1125 | (1) |
|
SciPy and NumPy Libraries |
|
|
1126 | (1) |
|
|
|
1126 | (1) |
|
|
|
1127 | (1) |
|
Example of Importing a Function |
|
|
1128 | (1) |
|
|
|
1129 | (1) |
|
|
|
1130 | (1) |
|
|
|
1131 | (1) |
|
|
|
1132 | (1) |
|
|
|
1132 | (3) |
|
Chapter 30 The MariaDB SQL Database Management System |
|
|
1135 | (24) |
|
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
|
|
1136 | (4) |
|
|
|
1137 | (1) |
|
|
|
1138 | (1) |
|
|
|
1139 | (1) |
|
Installing a MariaDB Server |
|
|
1140 | (1) |
|
|
|
1140 | (1) |
|
|
|
1141 | (4) |
|
Assigning a Password to the MariaDB User Named root |
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
Running the Secure Installation Script |
|
|
1142 | (1) |
|
~/.my.cnf: Configures a MariaDB Client |
|
|
1142 | (1) |
|
~/.mysql_history: Stores Your MariaDB History |
|
|
1142 | (1) |
|
|
|
1143 | (1) |
|
|
|
1144 | (1) |
|
|
|
1145 | (12) |
|
|
|
1145 | (1) |
|
|
|
1145 | (2) |
|
|
|
1147 | (1) |
|
|
|
1148 | (2) |
|
|
|
1150 | (1) |
|
|
|
1150 | (1) |
|
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
|
|
1152 | (5) |
|
|
|
1157 | (1) |
|
|
|
1157 | (1) |
|
|
|
1157 | (2) |
|
|
|
1159 | (72) |
|
Appendix A Regular Expressions |
|
|
1161 | (10) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
|
|
1163 | (1) |
|
|
|
1163 | (1) |
|
|
|
1164 | (1) |
|
|
|
1164 | (1) |
|
Quoting Special Characters |
|
|
1165 | (1) |
|
|
|
1165 | (1) |
|
|
|
1165 | (1) |
|
Empty Regular Expressions |
|
|
1166 | (1) |
|
|
|
1166 | (1) |
|
|
|
1166 | (1) |
|
|
|
1167 | (1) |
|
|
|
1167 | (1) |
|
Extended Regular Expressions |
|
|
1167 | (2) |
|
|
|
1169 | (2) |
|
|
|
1171 | (6) |
|
|
|
1172 | (1) |
|
Finding Linux-Related Information |
|
|
1173 | (1) |
|
|
|
1173 | (1) |
|
|
|
1174 | (1) |
|
|
|
1174 | (1) |
|
|
|
1175 | (1) |
|
|
|
1175 | (2) |
|
Appendix C Keeping the System Upto Date Using yum |
|
|
1177 | (6) |
|
Installing and Removing Software Packages Using yum |
|
|
1178 | (1) |
|
|
|
1179 | (1) |
|
Finding the Package That Holds a File You Need |
|
|
1179 | (1) |
|
|
|
1180 | (1) |
|
|
|
1181 | (1) |
|
|
|
1182 | (1) |
|
|
|
1182 | (1) |
|
Appendix D LPI and Comptia Certification |
|
|
1183 | (48) |
|
|
|
1184 | (1) |
|
|
|
1184 | (1) |
|
Topic 1 The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source |
|
|
1184 | (3) |
|
Topic 2 Finding Your Way on a Linux System |
|
|
1187 | (3) |
|
Topic 3 The Power of the Command Line |
|
|
1190 | (2) |
|
Topic 4 The Linux Operating System |
|
|
1192 | (3) |
|
Topic 5 Security and File Permissions |
|
|
1195 | (3) |
|
Certification Exam 1 Objectives: LX0-101 |
|
|
1198 | (1) |
|
|
|
1198 | (2) |
|
102 Linux Installation and Package Management |
|
|
1200 | (3) |
|
103 GNU and Unix Commands |
|
|
1203 | (7) |
|
104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard |
|
|
1210 | (4) |
|
Certification Exam 2 Objectives: LXO-102 |
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management |
|
|
1214 | (3) |
|
106 User Interfaces and Desktops |
|
|
1217 | (1) |
|
|
|
1218 | (3) |
|
108 Essential System Services |
|
|
1221 | (2) |
|
109 Networking Fundamentals |
|
|
1223 | (3) |
|
|
|
1226 | (5) |
| Glossary |
|
1231 | (54) |
| JumpStart Index |
|
1285 | (2) |
| File Tree Index |
|
1287 | (4) |
| Utility Index |
|
1291 | (6) |
| Main Index |
|
1297 | |