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ix | |
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xi | |
Abbreviations |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
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1 | (6) |
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Chapter 2 Literature review |
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7 | (58) |
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7 | (3) |
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2.1.1 Hymes' concept of communicative competence |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Bachman's framework |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Politeness principle |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (4) |
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2.3.3 The Chinese concept of politeness |
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19 | (2) |
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2.4 Empirical studies on speech acts |
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21 | (22) |
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2.4.1 Cross-cultural speech act studies |
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21 | (6) |
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2.4.2 Studies on interlanguage pragmatics |
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27 | (5) |
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2.4.3 Studies on requests and refusals by Chinese speakers and EFL learners |
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32 | (6) |
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2.4.4 Studies on speech acts in emails |
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38 | (5) |
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43 | (15) |
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2.5.1 Definition of pragmatic transfer |
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43 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Studies on pragmatic transfer |
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45 | (8) |
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2.5.3 Pragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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53 | (5) |
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2.6 Data collection methods |
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58 | (7) |
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2.6.1 Naturally occurring data |
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58 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Production questionnaires |
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59 | (6) |
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65 | (26) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (4) |
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3.3 Data collection procedures |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (15) |
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72 | (9) |
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81 | (6) |
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87 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Results: Requests |
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91 | (62) |
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4.1 Pragmalinguistic transfer |
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91 | (40) |
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91 | (8) |
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4.1.2 Frequency by situation |
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99 | (19) |
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118 | (5) |
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123 | (8) |
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4.2 Sociopragmatic transfer |
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131 | (14) |
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131 | (10) |
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141 | (4) |
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4.3 Pragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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145 | (8) |
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4.3.1 Pragmalinguistic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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145 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Sociopragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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149 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Results: Refusals |
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153 | (38) |
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5.1 Pragmalinguistic transfer |
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153 | (23) |
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153 | (4) |
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5.1.2 Frequency by situation |
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157 | (13) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (4) |
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5.2 Sociopragmatic transfer |
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176 | (9) |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (5) |
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5.3 Pragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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185 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Pragmalinguistic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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185 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Sociopragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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188 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Discussion and conclusion |
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191 | (40) |
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191 | (10) |
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6.1.1 Pragmalinguistic transfer |
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192 | (3) |
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6.1.2 Sociopragmatic transfer |
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195 | (3) |
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6.1.3 Pragmatic transfer and linguistic proficiency |
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198 | (3) |
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6.2 Universality vs. culture specificity |
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201 | (8) |
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6.3 L2 pragmatic development |
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209 | (7) |
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6.4 Pedagogical implications |
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216 | (6) |
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6.5 Comparison of findings with other studies |
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222 | (5) |
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227 | (1) |
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6.7 Suggestions for future research |
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228 | (3) |
Appendices |
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231 | (18) |
References |
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249 | (14) |
Name Index |
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263 | (2) |
Subject Index |
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265 | |