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Pragmatics: An Advanced Resource Book for Students [Pehme köide]

(University of Central Lancashire, UK), (University of Central Lancashire, UK), (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 350 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 614 g, 13 Tables, black and white
  • Sari: Routledge Applied Linguistics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415497876
  • ISBN-13: 9780415497879
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 350 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 614 g, 13 Tables, black and white
  • Sari: Routledge Applied Linguistics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415497876
  • ISBN-13: 9780415497879
Teised raamatud teemal:

Routledge Applied Linguistics is a series of comprehensive textbooks, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and applied linguistics.

Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline.

  • Section A: Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers’ techniques of analysis through practical application.
  • Section B: Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field.
  • Section C: Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses.

Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader’s understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions.

Pragmatics:

  • provides a broad view of pragmatics from a range of perspectives, gathering readings from key names in the discipline, including Geoffrey Leech, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Kohnen, Joan Manes and Nessa Wolfson
  • covers a wide variety of topics, including speech acts, pragmatic markers, implicature, research methods in pragmatics, facework and politeness, and prosody
  • examines the social and cultural contexts in which pragmatics occurs, such as in cross-cultural pragmatics (silence, indirectness, forms of address, cultural scripts) and pragmatics and power (the courtroom, police interaction, political interviews and doctor-patient communication)
  • uses a wide range of corpora to provide both illustrative examples and exploratory tasks
  • is supported by a companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/archer featuring extra activities and additional data for analysis, guidance on undertaking corpus analysis and research, including how to create your own corpus with CMC, and suggestions for further reading.

Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Pragmatics provides an essential resource for students and researchers of applied linguistics.

Arvustused

'Pragmatics is a field of linguistics that has developed and diversified so immensely over the past thirty years, that it can easily make the student feel confused as well as fascinated. Pragmatics: An advanced resource book for students is an excellent answer to this problem a rich tapestry of discussion, textual materials, and thought-provoking tasks, rendering pragmatic concepts and methods accessible both to the beginner and the advanced student. It is highly readable yet deeply informative, containing discussion of a wealth of stimulating and well-chosen textual examples. It introduces a wide range of approaches and key contributions to pragmatics with admirable clarity and even-handedness. It will undoubtedly prove a resource of lasting value and can be unreservedly recommended.' Geoffrey Leech, University of Lancaster, UK

'This is an unusually rich textbook, which provides a wealth of resources for the study of the vast field of pragmatics. It includes some of the classics in the field as well as recent cutting-edge research in the various new subfields of pragmatics, such as politeness research, cross-cultural and intercultural research, and the pragmatics of prosody and non-verbal communication, and it accompanies these with student-friendly introductions and contextualizations as well as eminently doable exercises and research projects.' Andreas H. Jucker, University of Zurich, Switzerland

'This book covers a wide range of topics, including the history and development of pragmatics, from issues which interested the speech act philosophers to an empirical area of studyhow language is used in communicationwith data from large corpora and experimental methods. The editors have managed to achieve a pedagogic structure of the book which makes it an ideal student text.' Jan Svartvik, Lund University, Sweden

'If a colleague, still active in teaching would ask me, as an emeritus, what I most regretted to have missed in my long teaching career, a serious candidate for an answer would be: Not to have had access to this eminent, and indeed practical, new textbook of pragmatics.

The books concept of having a tripartite division into Introduction, Extension, Exploration works very well in this case, where first, the thematic articles expound the theory in 'bite-size', accessible format; then, the relevant corresponding literature is grouped along the same dimensions as are the introductory pieces; the texts (often hard to locate) are gathered and commented on, analyzed, and finally offered up as a springboard for ulterior, independent work.

I would recommend anybody with an interest in pragmatics (even if he or she may currently not be teaching) to take this walking tour of the field, under the savvy guidance of the three authors: Archer, Aijmer and Wichmann, who deserve to be commended for their success in bringing pragmatics to where it actually can be taught, without having to hew to particular or particularized opinions or schools. More generally, I found that the clear exposition, combined with a very practical approach (such as by devising features like Summaries and Looking Ahead, added to each of the subsections), the clear and comprehensive, yet succinct coverage of many difficult subjects (such as implicatureeasily among the best Ive come across at this level), and its up-to-date coverage make this an ideal acquisition by any university library (and, who knows, nary a professor wanting to bone up on his or her pragmatics or even that private bookworm still hiding out somewhere in the deeper reaches of the pragmatic universe). In a more general way, the work is eminently suited, in my judgment, as a textbook for university courses at the senior undergraduate or early graduate level.

The editors must be praised and thanked for putting together this true treasure trove of well-cross-referenced and intelligently selected contributions, along with a near-flawless bibliography.' Jacob L. Mey, University of Southern Denmark 'This is a very laudable and timely initiative to present pragmatics in all its richness and to bring out its multi-disciplinary potential... It is a very rich and inspiring source for the student and the course instructor alike.' - LINGUIST

'Pragmatics is a field of linguistics that has developed and diversified so immensely over the past thirty years, that it can easily make the student feel confused as well as fascinated. Pragmatics: An advanced resource book for students is an excellent answer to this problem a rich tapestry of discussion, textual materials, and thought-provoking tasks, rendering pragmatic concepts and methods accessible both to the beginner and the advanced student. It is highly readable yet deeply informative, containing discussion of a wealth of stimulating and well-chosen textual examples. It introduces a wide range of approaches and key contributions to pragmatics with admirable clarity and even-handedness. It will undoubtedly prove a resource of lasting value and can be unreservedly recommended.' Geoffrey Leech, University of Lancaster, UK

'This is an unusually rich textbook, which provides a wealth of resources for the study of the vast field of pragmatics. It includes some of the classics in the field as well as recent cutting-edge research in the various new subfields of pragmatics, such as politeness research, cross-cultural and intercultural research, and the pragmatics of prosody and non-verbal communication, and it accompanies these with student-friendly introductions and contextualizations as well as eminently doable exercises and research projects.' Andreas H. Jucker, University of Zurich, Switzerland

'This book covers a wide range of topics, including the history and development of pragmatics, from issues which interested the speech act philosophers to an empirical area of studyhow language is used in communicationwith data from large corpora and experimental methods. The editors have managed to achieve a pedagogic structure of the book which makes it an ideal student text.' Jan Svartvik, Lund University, Sweden

'If a colleague, still active in teaching would ask me, as an emeritus, what I most regretted to have missed in my long teaching career, a serious candidate for an answer would be: Not to have had access to this eminent, and indeed practical, new textbook of pragmatics.

The books concept of having a tripartite division into Introduction, Extension, Exploration works very well in this case, where first, the thematic articles expound the theory in 'bite-size', accessible format; then, the relevant corresponding literature is grouped along the same dimensions as are the introductory pieces; the texts (often hard to locate) are gathered and commented on, analyzed, and finally offered up as a springboard for ulterior, independent work.

I would recommend anybody with an interest in pragmatics (even if he or she may currently not be teaching) to take this walking tour of the field, under the savvy guidance of the three authors: Archer, Aijmer and Wichmann, who deserve to be commended for their success in bringing pragmatics to where it actually can be taught, without having to hew to particular or particularized opinions or schools. More generally, I found that the clear exposition, combined with a very practical approach (such as by devising features like Summaries and Looking Ahead, added to each of the subsections), the clear and comprehensive, yet succinct coverage of many difficult subjects (such as implicatureeasily among the best Ive come across at this level), and its up-to-date coverage make this an ideal acquisition by any university library (and, who knows, nary a professor wanting to bone up on his or her pragmatics or even that private bookworm still hiding out somewhere in the deeper reaches of the pragmatic universe). In a more general way, the work is eminently suited, in my judgment, as a textbook for university courses at the senior undergraduate or early graduate level.

The editors must be praised and thanked for putting together this true treasure trove of well-cross-referenced and intelligently selected contributions, along with a near-flawless bibliography.' Jacob L. Mey, University of Southern Denmark

"This book helps us to broaden our understanding of the use of language in context and is thus essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students of language as well as for teachers. Those who ignore it will do so at their own peril." -- Vahid Parvaresh, University of Isfahan, Discourse Studies

Series editors' preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
How to use this book xxiii
SECTION A INTRODUCTION
1(144)
Unit A1 The origins of pragmatics
3(8)
A1.1 Definition and delimitation of pragmatics
3(2)
A1.2 Pragmatics and the relationship to other disciplines
5(1)
A1.3 Speaker meaning and sentence meaning
6(1)
A1.4 Context and function
7(1)
A1.5 Pragmatic theories
8(1)
A1.6 Pragmatics and methodology
9(1)
A1.7 Challenges for the future
9(2)
Summary and looking ahead
10(1)
Unit A2 Research methods in pragmatics
11(13)
A2.1 Data collection and the observer's paradox
11(1)
A2.2 Datatypes
12(4)
A2.2.1 Authentic data - written
12(1)
A2.2.2 Authentic data - spoken
13(1)
A2.2.2.1 Field notes
13(1)
A2.2.2.2 Broadcast data
13(1)
A2.2.2.3 Recording
14(1)
A2.2.3 The hybridity issue
14(1)
A2.2.4 Elicited data
15(1)
A2.2.4.1 Discourse completion tasks
15(1)
A2.2.4.2 Role-play (and role-enactment)
15(1)
A2.3 Evidence in pragmatic research
16(1)
A2.4 Transcribing spoken language
17(3)
A2.5 Corpus pragmatics: combining quantitative and qualitative analyses
20(4)
A2.5.1 Searching a corpus for pragmatic phenomena
20(1)
A2.5.2 Using POS and syntactic annotation to investigate pragmatic phenomena
21(1)
A2.5.3 Pragmatic annotation
21(1)
Summary and looking ahead
22(2)
Unit A3 The semantic-pragmatic interface
24(11)
A3.1 The meaning of meaning in pragmatics
24(1)
A3.2 Reference
25(1)
A3.3 Deixis
26(4)
A3.3.1 Deixis and attitudinal orientation: some case studies
28(2)
A3.4 Presupposition
30(2)
A3.4.1 Presuppositions and our knowledge of the world
31(1)
A3.5 Grice's enduring influence
32(3)
Summary and looking ahead
34(1)
Unit A4 Speech acts: doing things with words
35(12)
A4.1 Austin's Performatives
35(2)
A4.1.1 Explicit and implicit performatives
36(1)
A4.1.2 A full-blown theory of action
37(1)
A4.2 Searle's theory of speech acts
37(3)
A4.2.1 A typology of speech acts
39(1)
A4.3 Criticizing speech act theory
40(1)
A4.4 Direct and indirect speech acts
41(3)
A4.4.1 Asking someone to do something
43(1)
A4.5 Speech acts as routines
44(3)
Summary and looking ahead
45(2)
Unit A5 Implicature
47(15)
A5.1 Meaning more than `what is said'
47(6)
A5.1.1 Conventional and conversational implicatures
48(1)
A5.1.2 MeaningN and meaningNN
49(2)
A5.1.3 Grice's Cooperative Principle and the conversational maxims
51(1)
A5.1.4 Ways of breaking the maxims
51(2)
A5.2 Rethinking Grice: Neo-Gricean pragmatics
53(5)
A5.2.1 Leech's (1983) expansionist approach
54(1)
A5.2.2 Horn's (1984) reductionist approach
54(1)
A5.2.3 Levinson's (1995, 2000) revisionist approach
55(3)
A5.3 Sperber and Wilson's post-Gricean pragmatics
58(1)
A5.4 The role of S and H in meaning making
59(3)
Summary and looking ahead
60(2)
Unit A6 Pragmatics and discourse
62(12)
A6.1 Categorizing discourse structure: two seminal approaches
62(2)
A6.2 Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974)
64(1)
A6.3 Sequential organization and turn-taking
65(6)
A6.3.1 Adjacency
67(1)
A6.3.2 Preference organization
68(1)
A6.3.3 Openings and closings
69(2)
A6.4 Discourse structure in institutional settings
71(3)
Summary and looking ahead
72(2)
Unit A7 Pragmatic markers
74(10)
A7.1 What are pragmatic markers?
75(1)
A7.2 Delimiting pragmatic markers
75(1)
A7.3 Typical characteristics of pragmatic markers
76(2)
A7.4 Pragmatic markers and function
78(2)
A7.5 Pragmatic markers and text-type
80(1)
A7.6 Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic variation
81(3)
Summary and looking ahead
82(2)
Unit A8 Pragmatics, facework and im/politeness
84(12)
A8.1 Goffman's influence
84(1)
A8.2 Brown and Levinson's linguistic politeness model
85(2)
A8.3 Criticisms of the model
87(1)
A8.4 Leech's politeness model
88(2)
A8.5 Culpeper's (1996) `anatomy of impoliteness'
90(1)
A8.6 Criticisms of - and revisions to - Culpeper's approach
91(1)
A8.7 A return to Goffman
92(1)
A8.8 Extending impoliteness models to capture verbal aggression
93(1)
A8.9 Facework and im/politeness: the postmodern perspective
94(2)
Summary and looking ahead
95(1)
Unit A9 Pragmatics, prosody and gesture
96(14)
A9.1 Prosody and pauses
97(1)
A9.2 Prosody and information structure
98(2)
A9.3 Prosody, speech acts and implicature
100(3)
A9.4 Intonation and social rituals
103(1)
A9.5 Intonation and discourse markers
104(1)
A9.6 Intonation and conversation management
105(1)
A9.7 Body language: gesture, gaze and proximity
106(2)
A9.8 Teaching the pragmatics of prosody
108(2)
Summary and looking ahead
108(2)
Unit A10 Cross-cultural pragmatics
110(9)
A10.1 Speech acts and indirectness
110(1)
A10.2 Pragmalinguistic or sociopragmatic failure: what is going wrong?
111(1)
A10.3 Forms of address
112(2)
A10.4 Cultural scripts
114(1)
A10.5 Discourse
115(2)
A10.5.1 Backchannels
115(1)
A10.5.2 Silence
115(2)
A10.5.3 Interruptions
117(1)
A10.6 Prosody
117(2)
A10.6.1 Pitch height and range
117(1)
A10.6.2 Non-verbal communication
118(1)
Summary and looking ahead
118(1)
Unit A11 Historical pragmatics
119(11)
A11.1 The need to know one's data - and also `know' what we do not know
119(1)
A11.2 Exploring `pragmatic noise' in times past
120(1)
A11.3 Historical pragmatics: approaches and principles
121(1)
A11.4 Fuzziness approach to speech act research: insulting as a case study
122(3)
A11.5 Exploring facework: `you'/'thou' and other address formulae
125(3)
A11.5.1 `You'/`thou'
125(2)
A11.5.2 Address formulae
127(1)
A11.6 Grammaticalization: `goodbye' and `(God) bless you'
128(2)
Summary and looking ahead
129(1)
Unit A12 Pragmatics and power
130(15)
A12.1 What is power?
131(1)
A12.2 CDA investigations: what makes them critical?
132(1)
A12.3 Do pragmatic investigations of `power' constitute a `critical pragmatics'?
133(1)
A12.4 Pragmatic investigations of `power in talk': the courtroom
134(2)
A12.5 Pragmatic investigations of `power in talk': police interaction
136(1)
A12.6 Pragmatic investigations of `power in talk': political interviews
137(2)
A12.7 Pragmatic investigations of `power in talk': doctor-patient interactions
139(3)
A12.8 Power, talk and the workplace: a snapshot
142(3)
Summary and looking ahead
143(2)
SECTION B EXTENSION
145(106)
Unit B1 The origins of pragmatics
147(7)
B1.1 Introduction
147(1)
B1.2 Nerlich (2010)
147(2)
B1.3 Leech (1983)
149(5)
Further reading
152(2)
Unit B2 Research methods in pragmatics
154(8)
B2.1 Introduction
154(1)
B2.2 Kasper (2000)
155(1)
B2.3 Van der Henst and Sperber (2004)
156(3)
B2.4 Kohnen (2009)
159(3)
Further reading
161(1)
Looking ahead
161(1)
Unit B3 The semantic-pragmatic interface
162(8)
B3.1 Introduction
162(1)
B3.2 Jaszczolt (2010)
162(3)
B3.3 Stalnaker (1974)
165(2)
B3.4 Enfield (2003)
167(3)
Further reading
169(1)
Looking ahead
169(1)
Unit B4 Speech acts: doing things with words
170(9)
B4.1 Introduction
170(1)
B4.2 Manes and Wolfson (1981)
170(3)
B4.3 Jucker (2009)
173(2)
B4.4 Eisenstein and Bodman (1993)
175(4)
Further reading
178(1)
Looking ahead
178(1)
Unit B5 Implicature
179(8)
B5.1 Introduction
179(1)
B5.2 Grice (1989)
179(2)
B5.3 Leech (1981)
181(1)
B5.4 Wilson (2010)
182(5)
Further reading
186(1)
Looking ahead
186(1)
Unit B6 Pragmatics and the structure of discourse
187(10)
B6.1 Introduction
187(1)
B6.2 Tsui (1994)
187(3)
B6.3 Stubbs (1983)
190(2)
B6.4 McCarthy (2003)
192(5)
Further reading
196(1)
Looking ahead
196(1)
Unit B7 Pragmatic markers
197(10)
B7.1 Introduction
197(1)
B7.2 Diani (2004)
197(3)
B7.3 Gilquin (2008)
200(3)
B7.4 Ruhlemann (2007)
203(4)
Further reading
205(1)
Looking ahead
205(2)
Unit B8 Pragmatics, facework and im/politeness
207(10)
B8.1 Introduction
207(1)
B8.2 O'Driscoll (2007)
208(3)
B8.3 Watts (2003)
211(1)
B8.4 Culpeper, Bousfield and Wichmann (2003)
212(5)
Further reading
216(1)
Looking ahead
216(1)
Unit B9 Prosody: intonation
217(8)
B9.1 Introduction
217(1)
B9.2 Mennen (2007)
218(1)
B9.3 Wichmann (2004)
219(3)
B9.4 Gussenhoven (2004)
222(3)
Further reading
224(1)
Looking ahead
224(1)
Unit B10 Cross-cultural pragmatics
225(7)
B10.1 Introduction
225(1)
B10.2 Wierzbicka (2003)
226(1)
B10.3 Thomas (1983)
227(2)
B10.4 Argyle (1988)
229(3)
Further reading
231(1)
Looking ahead
231(1)
Unit B11 Historical pragmatics
232(10)
B11.1 Introduction
232(1)
B11.2 Culpeper (2010)
232(3)
B11.3 Kohnen (2009)
235(2)
B11.4 Taavitsainen and Jucker (2008b)
237(5)
Further reading
240(1)
Looking ahead
241(1)
Unit B12 Analysing power
242(9)
B12.1 Introduction
242(1)
B12.2 Van Dijk (2006)
243(1)
B12.3 Harris (1995)
244(3)
B12.4 Haworth (2006)
247(4)
Further reading
249(1)
Looking ahead
250(1)
SECTION C Exploration
251(45)
Unit C1 Choosing, transcribing and annotating a dataset
253(5)
C1.1 Using internet sources to create a corpus
253(1)
C1.2 Designing and using a discourse completion task
254(1)
C1.3 Transcribing speech
255(1)
C1.4 Annotating a corpus for pragmatic information
256(2)
Further reading
257(1)
Unit C2 Exploring routinized speech acts using corpora
258(6)
C2.1 Comparing compliments across varieties of English
258(1)
C2.2 Responding to compliments
259(1)
C2.3 Requesting patterns
260(1)
C2.4 Thanking
260(3)
C2.4.1 Examples of thanking
261(2)
C2.5 Ways of saying thank you
263(1)
Unit C3 Testing for implicatures
264(5)
C3.1 GCIs - nonce or generalized?
264(2)
C3.2 Scalar implicatures
266(1)
C3.3 Requests about the time
267(2)
Unit C4 The organization of discourse structure
269(6)
C4.1 Prefaces
270(1)
C4.2 Response items
270(1)
C4.3 Telephone openings
271(1)
C4.4 Telephone closings
272(1)
C4.5 Questions in institutional settings
273(2)
Unit C5 Pragmatic markers: further explorations
275(3)
C5.1 Prototypical features of pragmatic markers
275(1)
C5.2 Be Wee
276(1)
C5.3 The social function of pragmatic markers
276(2)
Unit C6 Facework and im/politeness
278(6)
C6.1 Using corpora to study facework and im/politeness
278(3)
C6.2 Facework, politicians and the media
281(1)
C6.3 Using Leech (1983) to explain impoliteness/face damage in political interviews
281(3)
Unit C7 Prosody and non-verbal communication
284(4)
C7.1 Paralinguistic effects
284(1)
C7.2 Pointing
285(1)
C7.3 Greetings
285(1)
C7.4 Reported speech and mimicry
286(1)
C7.5 Response tokens and vocalizations
287(1)
Unit C8 Cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics
288(3)
C8.1 Forms of address
288(1)
C8.2 Directives (in British and American English)
289(1)
C8.3 Implications for teaching and learning
290(1)
Unit C9 Power
291(5)
C9.1 Investigating othering in a political context
291(1)
C9.2 War, metaphors, politics and the media
292(2)
C9.3 Exploring issues of framing
294(2)
References 296(23)
Index 319
Dawn Archer, Karin Aijmer, Anne Wichmann