Klienditugi: 7440010 (E-R 10-18)

Preparative Chromatography 3rd edition [Kõva köide]

Edited by Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern (MPI f. Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Magdedburg), Edited by Michael Schulte (Merck KGaA Performance Materials, Darmstadt, Germany), Edited by H. Schmidt-Traub (Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl für Anlagentechnik, FB Chemietechik, Dortmund, Germany)

Formaat: Hardback, 648 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 246x174x34 mm, kaal: 1429 g
Ilmumisaeg: 09-Apr-2020
Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
ISBN-10: 3527344861
ISBN-13: 9783527344864

Teised raamatud teemal:

Chromatography

Kõva köide
Hind: 218,80 €
Raamatu kohalejõudmiseks kirjastusest kulub orienteeruvalt 2-4 nädalat
Kogus:
- - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - 7
  - 8
  - 9
  - 10
Lisa ostukorvi
Tasuta tarne
Tellimisaeg 2-4 nädalat
Lisa soovinimekirja
Raamatukogudele

Formaat: Hardback, 648 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 246x174x34 mm, kaal: 1429 g
Ilmumisaeg: 09-Apr-2020
Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
ISBN-10: 3527344861
ISBN-13: 9783527344864

Teised raamatud teemal:

Chromatography

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783527344864.html

The third edition of this popular work is revised to include the latest developments in this fast-changing field. Its interdisciplinary approach elegantly combines the chemistry and engineering to explore the fundamentals and optimization processes involved.

Arvustused

"I would not hesitate to recommend it to anyone working in this field." Chromatographia

"Overall the coverage is a bit uneven - nevertheless the volume does compile some useful material... In conclusion, this is a comprehensive reference text, which should find its way into the libraries of all companies who are serious about process scale preparative chromatography, whether internally or via outsource contracts." Organic Process Research and Development

"This special volume is essential for chemists and engineers working in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for food technologies, due to the interdisciplinary nature of these preparative chromatographic processes." Advances in Food Sciences

Preface

About the Editors

xvii

List of Abbreviations

xix

Notation

xxiii

1 Introduction

(8)

Henner Schmidt-Traub

Reinhard Ditz

1.1 Chromatography, Development, and Future Trends

(3)

1.2 Focus of the Book

(1)

1.3 Suggestions on How to Read this Book

(5)

References

(3)

2 Fundamentals and General Terminology

(40)

Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern

2.1 Principles and Features of Chromatography

(4)

2.2 Analysis and Description of Chromatograms

(12)

2.2.1 Voidage and Porosity

(3)

2.2.2 Retention Times and Capacity Factors

(1)

2.2.3 Efficiency of Chromatographic Separations

(3)

2.2.4 Resolution

(3)

2.2.5 Pressure Drop

(2)

2.3 Mass Transfer and Fluid Dynamics

(4)

2.3.1 Principles of Mass Transfer

(2)

2.3.2 Fluid Distribution in the Column

(1)

2.3.3 Packing Nonidealities

(1)

2.3.4 Extra-Column Effects

(1)

2.4 Equilibrium Thermodynamics

(15)

2.4.1 Definition of Isotherms

(2)

2.4.2 Models of Isotherms

(1)

2.4.2.1 Single-Component Isotherms

(2)

2.4.2.2 Multicomponent Isotherms Based on the Langmuir Model

(1)

2.4.2.3 Competitive Isotherms Based on the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory

(3)

2.4.2.4 Steric Mass Action Isotherms

(1)

2.4.3 Relation Between Isotherms and Band Shapes

(6)

2.5 Column Overloading and Operating Modes

(5)

2.5.1 Overloading Strategies

(1)

2.5.2 Beyond Isocratic Batch Elution

(1)

References

(3)

3 Stationary Phases

(110)

Michael Schulte

3.1 Survey of Packings and Stationary Phases

(1)

3.2 Inorganic Sorbents

(23)

3.2.1 Activated Carbons

(4)

3.2.2 Synthetic Zeolites

(1)

3.2.3 Porous Oxides: Silica, Activated Alumina, Titania, Zirconia, and Magnesia

(1)

3.2.4 Silica

(2)

3.2.4.1 Surface Chemistry

(2)

3.2.4.2 Mass Loadability

(1)

3.2.5 Diatomaceous Earth

(1)

3.2.6 Reversed Phase Silicas

(1)

3.2.6.1 Silanization of the Silica Surface

(1)

3.2.6.2 Silanization

(1)

3.2.6.3 Starting Silanes

(1)

3.2.6.4 Parent Porous Silica

(1)

3.2.6.5 Reaction and Reaction Conditions

(1)

3.2.6.6 Endcapping

(1)

3.2.6.7 Chromatographic Characterization of Reversed Phase Silicas

(1)

3.2.6.8 Chromatographic Performance

(2)

3.2.6.9 Hydrophobic Properties Retention Factor (Amount of Organic Solvent for Elution), Selectivity

(1)

3.2.6.10 Shape Selectivity

(2)

3.2.6.11 Silanol Activity

(1)

3.2.6.12 Purity

(1)

3.2.6.13 Improved pH Stability Silica

(1)

3.2.7 Aluminum Oxide

(1)

3.2.8 Titanium Dioxide

(1)

3.2.9 Other Oxides

(1)

3.2.9.1 Magnesium Oxide

(1)

3.2.9.2 Zirconium Dioxide

(1)

3.2.10 Porous Glasses

(1)

3.3 Cross-Linked Organic Polymers

(38)

3.3.1 General Aspects

(3)

3.3.2 Hydrophobic Polymer Stationary Phases

(1)

3.3.3 Hydrophilic Polymer Stationary Phases

(1)

3.3.4 Ion Exchange (IEX)

(2)

3.3.4.1 Optimization of Ion-Exchange Resins

(7)

3.3.5 Mixed Mode

(1)

3.3.6 Hydroxyapatite

(3)

3.3.7 Designed Adsorbents

(1)

3.3.7.1 Protein A Affinity Sorbents

(5)

3.3.7.2 Other IgG Receptor Proteins: Protein G and Protein L

(1)

3.3.7.3 Sorbents for Derivatized/Tagged Compounds: Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)

(5)

3.3.7.4 Other Tag-Based Affinity Sorbents

101

(1)

3.3.8 Customized Adsorbents

102

(3)

3.3.8.1 Low Molecular Weight Ligands

105

(3)

3.3.8.2 Natural Polymers (Proteins, Polynucleotides)

108

(3)

3.3.8.3 Artificial Polymers

111

(1)

3.4 Advective Chromatographic Materials

111

(10)

3.4.1 Adsorptive Membranes and Grafted-Polymer Membranes

114

(1)

3.4.2 Adsorptive Nonwovens

115

(2)

3.4.3 Fiber/Particle Composites

117

(1)

3.4.4 Area-Enhanced Fibers

117

(1)

3.4.5 Monolith

118

(3)

3.4.6 Chromatographic Materials for Larger Molecules

121

(1)

3.5 Chiral Stationary Phases

121

(11)

3.5.1 Cellulose- and Amylose-Based CSP

122

(6)

3.5.2 Antibiotic CSP

128

(1)

3.5.3 Cyclofructan-Based CSP

128

(1)

3.5.4 Synthetic Polymers

128

(2)

3.5.5 Targeted Selector Design

130

(2)

3.5.6 Further Developments

132

(1)

3.6 Properties of Packings and Their Relevance to Chromatographic Performance

132

(6)

3.6.1 Chemical and Physical Bulk Properties

132

(1)

3.6.2 Morphology

133

(1)

3.6.3 Particulate Adsorbents: Particle Size and Size Distribution

133

(1)

3.6.4 Pore Texture

134

(3)

3.6.5 Pore Structural Parameters

137

(1)

3.6.6 Comparative Rating of Columns

137

(1)

3.7 Sorbent Maintenance and Regeneration

138

(21)

3.7.1 Cleaning in Place (CIP)

138

(2)

3.7.2 CIP for IEX

140

(1)

3.7.3 CIP of Protein A Sorbents

140

(3)

3.7.4 Conditioning of Silica Surfaces

143

(2)

3.7.5 Sanitization in Place (SIP)

145

(1)

3.7.6 Column and Adsorbent Storage

145

(1)

References

146

(13)

4 Selection of Chromatographic Systems

159

(5)

Michael Schulte

4.1 Definition of the Task

164

(3)

4.2 Mobile Phases for Liquid Chromatography

167

(1)

4.2.1 Stability

168

(4)

4.2.2 Safety Concerns

172

(1)

4.2.3 Operating Conditions

172

(4)

4.2.4 Aqueous Buffer Systems

176

(2)

4.3 Adsorbent and Phase Systems

178

(6)

4.3.1 Choice of Phase System Dependent on Solubility

178

(2)

4.3.2 Improving Loadability for Poor Solubilities

180

(3)

4.3.3 Dependency of Solubility on Sample Purity

183

(1)

4.3.4 Generic Gradients for Fast Separations

184

(1)

4.4 Criteria for Choosing Normal Phase Systems

184

(22)

4.4.1 Retention in NP Systems

186

(2)

4.4.2 Solvent Strength in Liquid-Solid Chromatography

188

(2)

4.4.3 Pilot Technique Thin-Layer Chromatography Using the PRISMA Model

190

(9)

4.4.3.1 Step (1): Solvent Strength Adjustment

199

(1)

4.4.3.2 Step (2): Optimization of Selectivity

199

(1)

4.4.3.3 Step (3): Final Optimization of the Solvent Strength

200

(1)

4.4.3.4 Step (4): Determination of the Optimum Mobile Phase Composition

200

(2)

4.4.4 Strategy for an Industrial Preparative Chromatography Laboratory

202

(1)

4.4.4.1 Standard Gradient Elution Method on Silica

203

(1)

4.4.4.2 Simplified Procedure

204

(2)

4.5 Criteria for Choosing Reversed Phase Systems

206

(17)

4.5.1 Retention and Selectivity in RP Systems

208

(4)

4.5.2 Gradient Elution for Small Amounts of Product on RP Columns

212

(1)

4.5.3 Rigorous Optimization for Isocratic Runs

213

(4)

4.5.4 Rigorous Optimization for Gradient Runs

217

(5)

4.5.5 Practical Recommendations

222

(1)

4.6 Criteria for Choosing CSP Systems

223

(8)

4.6.1 Suitability of Preparative CSP

223

(1)

4.6.2 Development of Enantioselectivity

224

(2)

4.6.3 Optimization of Separation Conditions

226

(1)

4.6.3.1 Determination of Racemate Solubility

226

(1)

4.6.3.2 Selection of Elution Order

226

(1)

4.6.3.3 Optimization of Mobile/Stationary Phase Composition, Including Temperature

226

(1)

4.6.3.4 Determination of Optimum Separation Step

227

(1)

4.6.4 Practical Recommendations

227

(4)

4.7 Downstream Processing of mAbs Using Protein A and IEX

231

(5)

4.8 Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)

236

(1)

4.9 Overall Chromatographic System Optimization

237

(14)

4.9.1 Conflicts During Optimization of Chromatographic Systems

237

(4)

4.9.2 Stationary Phase Gradients

241

(5)

References

246

(5)

5 Process Concepts

251

(126)

Malte Kaspereit

Henner Schmidt-Traub

5.1 Discontinuous Processes

252

(9)

5.1.1 Isocratic Operation

252

(1)

5.1.2 Gradient Chromatography

253

(3)

5.1.3 Closed-Loop Recycling Chromatography

256

(2)

5.1.4 Steady-State Recycling Chromatography (SSRC)

258

(1)

5.1.5 Flip-Flop Chromatography

259

(1)

5.1.6 Chromatographic Batch Reactors

260

(1)

5.2 Continuous Processes

261

(31)

5.2.1 Column Switching Chromatography

262

(1)

5.2.2 Annular Chromatography

262

(1)

5.2.3 Multiport Switching Valve Chromatography (ISEP/CSEP)

263

(1)

5.2.4 Isocratic Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) Chromatography

264

(4)

5.2.5 SMB Chromatography with Variable Process Conditions

268

(1)

5.2.5.1 Varicol

269

(1)

5.2.5.2 PowerFeed

270

(1)

5.2.5.3 Partial-Feed, Partial-Discard, and Fractionation-Feedback Concepts

271

(1)

5.2.5.4 Improved/Intermittent SMB (iSMB)

271

(2)

5.2.5.5 Modicon

273

(1)

5.2.5.6 FF-SMB

273

(1)

5.2.6 Gradient SMB Chromatography

274

(1)

5.2.7 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)

275

(1)

5.2.7.1 Supercritical Batch Chromatography

276

(1)

5.2.7.2 Supercritical SMB processes

277

(1)

5.2.8 Multicomponent Separations

277

(1)

5.2.9 Multicolumn Systems for Bioseparations

278

(1)

5.2.9.1 Multicolumn Capture Chromatography (MCC)

279

(7)

5.2.9.2 Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP)

286

(2)

5.2.10 Countercurrent Chromatographic Reactors

288

(1)

5.2.10.1 SMB Reactor

288

(2)

5.2.10.2 SMB Reactors with Distributed Functionalities

290

(2)

5.3 Choice of Process Concepts

292

(85)

5.3.1 Scale

292

(1)

5.3.2 Range of k'

292

(1)

5.3.3 Number of Fractions

293

(1)

5.3.4 Example 1: Lab Scale; Two Fractions

293

(1)

5.3.5 Example 2: Lab Scale; Three or More Fractions

294

(2)

5.3.6 Example 3: Production Scale; Wide Range of k'

296

(1)

5.3.7 Example 4: Production Scale; Two Main Fractions

297

(1)

5.3.8 Example 5: Production Scale; Three Fractions

298

(2)

5.3.9 Example 6: Production Scale; Multistage Process

300

(2)

References

302

(9)

6 Modeling of Chromatographic Processes

311

(1)

Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern

6.1 Introduction

311

(1)

6.2 Models for Single Chromatographic Columns

311

(1)

6.2.1 Equilibrium Stage Models

312

(1)

6.2.1.1 Discontinuous Model According to Craig

313

(2)

6.2.1.2 Continuous Model According to Martin and Synge

315

(1)

6.2.2 Derivation of Continuous Mass Balance Equations

316

(2)

6.2.2.1 Mass Balance Equations

318

(2)

6.2.2.2 Convective Transport

320

(1)

6.2.2.3 Axial Dispersion

320

(1)

6.2.2.4 Intraparticle Diffusion

321

(1)

6.2.2.5 Mass Transfer Between Phases

321

(1)

6.2.2.6 Finite Rates of Adsorption and Desorption

322

(1)

6.2.2.7 Adsorption Equilibria

323

(1)

6.2.3 Equilibrium Model of Chromatography

323

(6)

6.2.4 Models with One Band Broadening Effect

329

(1)

6.2.4.1 Equilibrium Dispersion Model

329

(2)

6.2.4.2 Finite Adsorption Rate Model

331

(1)

6.2.5 Continuous Lumped Rate Models

331

(1)

6.2.5.1 Transport Dispersion Models

332

(1)

6.2.5.2 Lumped Finite Adsorption Rate Model

333

(1)

6.2.6 General Rate Models

333

(2)

6.2.7 Initial and Boundary Conditions of the Column

335

(1)

6.2.8 Dimensionless Model Equations

336

(2)

6.2.9 Comparison of Different Model Approaches

338

(5)

6.3 Including Effects Outside the Columns

343

(3)

6.3.1 Experimental Setup and Simulation Flow Sheet

343

(2)

6.3.2 Modeling Extra-Column Equipment

345

(1)

6.3.2.1 Injection System

345

(1)

6.3.2.2 Piping

345

(1)

6.3.2.3 Detector

345

(1)

6.4 Calculation Methods and Software

346

(9)

6.4.1 Analytical Solutions

346

(1)

6.4.2 Numerical Solution Methods

346

(1)

6.4.2.1 Discretization

346

(3)

6.4.2.2 General Solution Procedure and Software

349

(1)

References

350

(5)

7 Determination of Model Parameters

355

(54)

Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern

Andreas Jupke

Henner Schmidt-Traub

7.1 Parameter Classes for Chromatographic Separations

355

(2)

7.1.1 Design Parameters

355

(1)

7.1.2 Operating Parameters

356

(1)

7.1.3 Model Parameters

356

(1)

7.2 Concept to Determine Model Parameters

357

(2)

7.3 Detectors and Parameter Estimation

359

(4)

7.3.1 Calibration of Detectors

359

(1)

7.3.2 Parameter Estimation

360

(2)

7.3.3 Evaluation of Chromatograms

362

(1)

7.4 Determination of Packing Parameters

363

(2)

7.4.1 Void Fraction and Porosity of the Packing

363

(1)

7.4.2 Axial Dispersion

363

(1)

7.4.3 Pressure Drop

364

(1)

7.5 Adsorption Isotherms

365

(21)

7.5.1 Determination of Adsorption Isotherms

365

(1)

7.5.2 Estimation of Henry Coefficients

365

(5)

7.5.3 Static Isotherm Determination Methods

370

(1)

7.5.3.1 Batch Method

370

(1)

7.5.3.2 Adsorption-Desorption Method

370

(1)

7.5.3.3 Circulation Method

371

(1)

7.5.4 Dynamic Methods

371

(1)

7.5.5 Frontal Analysis

371

(7)

7.5.6 Analysis of Dispersed Fronts

378

(2)

7.5.7 Peak Maximum Method

380

(1)

7.5.8 Minor Disturbance/Perturbation Method

380

(3)

7.5.9 Curve Fitting of the Chromatogram

383

(1)

7.5.10 Data Analysis and Accuracy

384

(2)

7.6 Mass Transfer Kinetics

386

(3)

7.6.1 Correlations

386

(2)

7.6.2 Application of Method of Moments

388

(1)

7.7 Plant Parameters

389

(2)

7.8 Experimental Validation of Column Models and Model Parameters

391

(18)

7.8.1 Batch Chromatography

391

(3)

7.8.2 Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography

394

(1)

7.8.2.1 Model Formulation and Parameters

394

(6)

7.8.2.2 Experimental Validation

400

(4)

References

404

(5)

8 Process Design and Optimization

409

(94)

Andreas Jupke

Andreas Biselli

Make Kaspereit

Martin Leipnitz

Henner Schmidt-Traub

8.1 Basic Principles and Definitions

409

(17)

8.1.1 Performance, Costs, and Objective Functions

409

(1)

8.1.1.1 Performance Criteria

410

(1)

8.1.1.2 Economic Criteria

411

(1)

8.1.1.3 Objective Functions

412

(1)

8.1.2 Degrees of Freedom

413

(1)

8.1.2.1 Categories of Parameters

413

(1)

8.1.2.2 Dimensionless Operating and Design Parameters

414

(4)

8.1.3 Scaling by Dimensionless Parameters

418

(1)

8.1.3.1 Influence of Different HETP Coefficients for Every Component

419

(1)

8.1.3.2 Influence of Feed Concentration

420

(1)

8.1.3.3 Examples for a Single-Column Batch Chromatography

421

(3)

8.1.3.4 Examples for SMB Processes

424

(2)

8.2 Batch Chromatography

426

(11)

8.2.1 Fractionation Mode (Cut Strategy)

426

(1)

8.2.2 Design and Optimization of Batch Chromatographic Columns

427

(1)

8.2.2.1 Process Performance Depending on Number of Stages and Loading Factor

427

(5)

8.2.2.2 Design and Optimization Strategy

432

(4)

8.2.2.3 Other Strategies

436

(1)

8.3 Recycling Chromatography

437

(8)

8.3.1 Design of Steady-State Recycling Chromatography

437

(3)

8.3.2 Scale-Up of Closed-Loop Recycling Chromatography

440

(5)

8.4 Conventional Isocratic SMB Chromatography

445

(20)

8.4.1 Considerations to Optimal Concentration Profiles in SMB Process

445

(1)

8.4.2 Process Design Based on TMB Models (Shortcut Methods)

446

(1)

8.4.2.1 Triangle Theory for an Ideal Model with Linear Isotherms

447

(2)

8.4.2.2 Triangle Theory for an Ideal Model with Nonlinear Isotherms

449

(3)

8.4.2.3 Shortcut to Apply the Triangle Theory on a System with Unknown Isotherms Assuming Langmuir Character

452

(3)

8.4.3 Process Design and Optimization Based on Rigorous SMB Models

455

(1)

8.4.3.1 Estimation of Operating Parameter

456

(1)

8.4.3.2 Optimization of Operating Parameters for Linear Isotherms Based on Process Understanding

457

(1)

8.4.3.3 Optimization of Operating Parameters for Nonlinear Isotherms Based on Process Understanding

458

(2)

8.4.3.4 Optimization of Design Parameters

460

(5)

8.5 Isocratic SMB Chromatography Under Variable Operating Conditions

465

(11)

8.5.1 Performance Comparison of Varicol and Conventional SMB

466

(4)

8.5.2 Performance Comparison of Varicol, PowerFeed, and Modicon with Conventional SMB

470

(5)

8.5.3 Performance Trends Applying SMB Concepts Under Variable Operating Conditions

475

(1)

8.6 Gradient SMB Chromatography

476

(11)

8.6.1 Step Gradient

476

(6)

8.6.2 Multicolumn Solvent Gradient Purification Process

482

(5)

8.7 Multicolumn Systems for Bioseparations

487

(16)

8.7.1 Design of Twin-Column CaptureSMB

488

(2)

8.7.2 Modeling of Multicolumn Capture processes

490

(3)

References

493

(10)

9 Process Control

503

(22)

Sebastian Engell

Achim Kienle

9.1 Standard Process Control

504

(1)

9.2 Advanced Process Control

504

(13)

9.2.1 Online Optimization of Batch Chromatography

505

(2)

9.2.2 Advanced Control of SMB Chromatography

507

(1)

9.2.2.1 Purity Control for SMB Processes

508

(2)

9.2.2.2 Direct Optimizing Control of SMB Processes

510

(5)

9.2.3 Advanced Parameter and State Estimation for SMB Processes

515

(2)

9.2 A Adaptive Cycle-to-Cycle Control

517

(8)

9.2.5 Control of Coupled Simulated Moving Bed Processes for the Production of Pure Enantiomers

519

(2)

References

521

(4)

10 Chromatography Equipment: Engineering and Operation

525

(82)

Henner Schmidt-Traub

Arthur Susanto

10.1 Challenges for Conceptual Process Design

525

(8)

10.1.1 Main Cost Factors for a Chromatographic System

527

(1)

10.1.2 Conceptual Process Design

528

(1)

10.1.2.1 A Case Study: Large-Scale Biotechnology Project

529

(4)

10.2 Engineering Challenges

533

(7)

10.2.1 Challenges Regarding Sanitary Design

535

(4)

10.2.2 Challenges During Acceptance Tests and Qualifications

539

(1)

10.3 Commercial Chromatography Columns

540

(11)

10.3.1 General Design

541

(1)

10.3.1.1 Manually Moved Piston

542

(1)

10.3.1.2 Electrically or Hydraulically Moved Piston

542

(1)

10.3.2 High- and Low-Pressure Columns

543

(1)

10.3.2.1 Chemical Compatibility

544

(2)

10.3.2.2 Frit Design

546

(3)

10.3.2.3 Special Aspects of Bioseparation

549

(2)

10.4 Commercial Chromatographic Systems

551

(20)

10.4.1 General Design Aspects: High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Systems

551

(2)

10.4.2 Material

553

(1)

10.4.3 Batch Low-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic (LPLC) Systems

553

(1)

10.4.3.1 Inlets

553

(2)

10.4.3.2 Valves to Control Flow Direction

555

(1)

10.4.3.3 Pumps

556

(1)

10.4.3.4 Pump- and Valve-Based and Gradient Formation

556

(2)

10.4.4 Batch High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

558

(1)

10.4.4.1 General Layout

558

(1)

10.4.4.2 Inlets and Outlets

559

(1)

10.4.4.3 Pumps

559

(3)

10.4.4.4 Valves and Pipes

562

(1)

10.4.5 Continuous Systems: Simulated Moving Bed

563

(1)

10.4.5.1 General Layout

563

(2)

10.4.5.2 A Key Choice: The Recycling Strategy

565

(1)

10.4.5.3 Pumps, Inlets, and Outlets

566

(1)

10.4.5.4 Valves and Piping

566

(1)

10.4.6 Auxiliary Systems

567

(1)

10.4.6.1 Slurry Preparation Tank

567

(1)

10.4.6.2 Slurry Pumps and Packing Stations

568

(1)

10.4.6.3 Cranes and Transport Units

568

(1)

10.4.6.4 Filter Integrity Test

568

(1)

10.4.7 Detectors

569

(2)

10.5 Packing Methods

571

(14)

10.5.1 Column and Packing Methodology Selection

571

(1)

10.5.2 Slurry Preparation

572

(2)

10.5.3 Column Preparation

574

(1)

10.5.4 Flow Packing

575

(2)

10.5.5 Dynamic Axial Compression (DAC) Packing

577

(1)

10.5.6 Stall Packing

577

(1)

10.5.7 Combined Method (Stall + DAC)

578

(2)

10.5.8 Vacuum Packing

580

(1)

10.5.9 Vibration Packing

581

(1)

10.5.10 Column Equilibration

582

(1)

10.5.11 Column Testing and Storage

583

(1)

10.5.11.1 Test Systems

583

(1)

10.5.11.2 Hydrodynamic Properties and Column Efficiency

584

(1)

10.5.11.3 Column and Adsorbent Storage

585

(1)

10.6 Process Troubleshooting

585

(8)

10.6.1 Technical Failures

586

(1)

10.6.2 Loss of Performance

587

(1)

10.6.2.1 Pressure Increase

587

(3)

10.6.2.2 Loss of Column Efficiency

590

(1)

10.6.2.3 Variation of Elution Profile

591

(1)

10.6.2.4 Loss of Purity/Yield

592

(1)

10.6.3 Column Stability

592

(1)

10.7 Disposable Technology for Bioseparations

593

(14)

10.7.1 Prepacked Columns

596

(1)

10.7.2 Membrane Chromatography

597

(2)

References

599

(2)

Appendix A Data of Test Systems

601

(1)

A.1 EMD53986

601

(1)

A.2 Troger's Base

602

(2)

A.3 Glucose and Fructose

604

(2)

A.4 β-Phenethyl Acetate

606

(1)

References

607

(2)

Index

609

Professor Schmidt-Traub was Professor for Plant and Process Design at the Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Dortmund, Germany until his retirement in 2006. He is still active in the research community and his main areas of research focus on preparative chromatography, down stream processing, integrated processes, plant design and innovative energy transfer. Prior to his academic appointment, Prof. Schmidt-Traub gained 15 years of industrial experience in plant engineering.

Prof. Seidel-Morgenstern is the Director of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany and holds the Chair in Chemical Process Engineering at the Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany. He received his Ph.D. in 1987 at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. From there he went on to work as postdoctoral fellow at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA. In 1994 he finished his habilitation at the Technical University in Berlin. His research is focused on new reactor concepts, chromatographic reactors, membrane reactors, adsorption and preparative chromatography and separation of enantiomers amongst others.

Dr. Michael Schulte is Senior Director Emerging Businesses Energy at Merck KGaA Performance Materials, Darmstadt, Germany. In his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Münster, Germany, he developed new chiral stationary phases for chromatographic enantioseparations. In 1995 he joined Merck and has since then been responsible for research and development in the area of preparative chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, new separation processes and the implementation of Simulated Moving Bed-technology at Merck. In his current position one of his areas of research is the use of Ionic Liquids for separation processes.

Preparative Chromatography 3rd edition [Kõva köide]

Arvustused

Konto & seaded

Otsing

Otsingu andmebaas

Filtreeri tulemusi

Teemad Ingliskeelsed raamatud

Vali ostukorv