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Principles of Geographical Information Systems 3rd Revised edition [Pehme köide]

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(School of Geography and the Evironment, University of Oxford and International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates), (Department), (Former Professor of Physical Geography at Utrecht University, The Netherlands)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 265x199x14 mm, kaal: 748 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198742843
  • ISBN-13: 9780198742845
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Principles of Geographical Information Systems 3rd Revised editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 265x199x14 mm, kaal: 748 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Apr-2015
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198742843
  • ISBN-13: 9780198742845
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780198742845.html
Märksõnad:
Geographical data are used in so many aspects of our lives today, ranging from disaster relief operations through to finding directions on our mobile phones. We can all be data collectors, adding locational information as we capture digitally our day-to-day experiences. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the software tools that facilitate this, turning the raw data into useful information that can help us understand our worlds better.

Principles of Geographical Information Systems presents a thorough overview of the subject, exploring both the theoretical basis of GIS, and their use in practice. It explains how data on the world are converted into digital form and the analytical capabilities used to bring understanding to a range of areas of interest and issues.

Spatial data are usually based on two, dichotomous paradigms: exactly defined entities in space, such as land parcels and urban structures, or the continuous variation of single attributes, such as temperature or rainfall. The adoption of one or the other influences how the geographical data are structured in the GIS and the types of analysis possible. A further area of focus in the book concerns the problems of data quality and how statistical errors in spatial data can affect the results of spatial modelling based on the two paradigms of space. Fuzzy logic and continuous classification methods are presented as methods for linking the two spatial paradigms. The book concludes with an overview of current developments and trends in providing spatial data to an ever-expanding global community of users.

Online Resource Centre
The Online Resource Centre to accompany Principles of Geographical Information Systems features:

For students:
DT Links to useful software and software providers for GIS
DT Datasets with instructions of how to repeat analyses presented in the book using widely-used software

For registered adopters of the book:
DT Figures from the book, available for download

Arvustused

Review from previous edition [ This second edition] builds upon the previous work in providing a very welcome basic, concise and more up to date introduction to the principles underlying GISs ... a osund and readable introduction to a complex subject. * International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, v. 9 no. 3, 2000 * Choosing a course text in the early post-GIS years was very easy. Peter Burrough's Principles of geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment was the definitive work. Beautifully written and illustrated...Peter Burrough set himself a hard act to follow...In almost every respect this is a new book, and not the second edition it purports to be...So, this is a rarity in textbook publishing a second edition that improves on the first. It looks set to be my recommended course text for many years to come. * David Unwin/GIS Europe June 1998. * This book presents a strong theoritical basis for GIS, which is often lacking in other texts...the optimising of timber extraction from forests and the redistribution of Chernobyl radioactivity by floods are explained clearly in detail. * Mapping Awareness April 1998 * This new publication is up to date and provides comprehensive coverage of virtually all aspects of GIS. It is clearly written and technical where appropriate ... it should be recommended for postgraduate courses and for all teachers of GIS. * David Walker, The Times Higher Education Supplement *

Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
Chapter 1 Geographical Information Systems and Society
1.1 The changing world of possibilities from spatial data
1(2)
1.2 Definitions of GIS
3(1)
1.3 Components of a geographical information system
3(6)
1.4 Geographical information science and systems: through history
9(3)
1.5 Geographical information systems today
12(4)
1.6 Choosing to use GIS
16(1)
1.7 The structure of this book
17(1)
1.8 Summary
18(4)
Questions
18(1)
Further reading
19(3)
Chapter 2 Spatial Data and their Models: Formal Abstractions of Reality
2.1 Fundamentals of geographic phenomena
22(2)
2.2 Exploring absolute georeferencing systems
24(4)
2.3 Structuring the geographical world
28(1)
2.4 The human view of real-world geographical phenomena
29(1)
2.5 Conceptual models of space: entities or fields
30(2)
2.6 Geographical data models and geographical data primitives
32(4)
2.7 Overlap between the two geographic data models
36(1)
2.8 Representation changes with scale---granularity, generalization, and hierarchies
37(1)
2.9 Representing changes in time with geographic data models
38(1)
2.10 Data modelling and spatial analysis
39(1)
2.11 Examples of the use of data models
39(3)
2.12 Summary
42(3)
Questions
43(1)
Further reading
44(1)
Chapter 3 Geographical Data in the Computer
3.1 Geographical data and computers
45(1)
3.2 Overview of data in computers
46(1)
3.3 Database structures: data organization in the computer
47(5)
3.4 Coding the basic data models for input to the computer
52(1)
3.5 Points, lines, and areas: vector data structures
53(7)
3.6 Grid cells: raster data structures
60(6)
3.7 GIS and time
66(1)
3.8 Summary
67(2)
Questions
67(1)
Further reading
67(2)
Chapter 4 Data Input and Verification
4.1 Creating a digital database
69(2)
4.2 Sources of geographical data
71(5)
4.3 Geographical data collectors
76(3)
4.4 Geographical data providers, metadata, and data exchange standards
79(3)
4.5 Creating digital data sets by manual input
82(2)
4.6 Data transformation and structuring
84(2)
4.7 Data quality
86(1)
4.8 Data updating
87(1)
4.9 Considering local tacit knowledge
87(1)
4.10 Summary
88(4)
Questions
88(1)
Further reading
89(3)
Chapter 5 Visualization
5.1 Mapping points
92(2)
5.2 Continuous or discrete categories
94(2)
5.3 Cartographic mapping principles
96(5)
5.4 Distorting space: cartograms
101(1)
5.5 Displaying multiple characteristics
101(1)
5.6 Visualization
101(5)
5.7 Non-cartographic output
106(1)
5.8 Dynamic visualization
106(1)
5.9 Multimedia and GIS
106(1)
5.10 Spatial interaction data: mapping movement
107(1)
5.11 Visualization and opening up access to data
108(1)
5.12 Summary
108(4)
Questions
109(1)
Further reading
109(3)
Chapter 6 Exploring Geographical Data
6.1 Summarizing and analysing spatial data
112(1)
6.2 Statistical methods
112(5)
6.3 Geographical data: problems and properties
117(1)
6.4 Spatial autocorrelation
117(3)
6.5 Statistics and GIS
120(1)
6.6 Exploring spatial relations: geographically weighted regression
120(1)
6.7 Point pattern analysis
121(4)
6.8 Summary
125(2)
Questions
125(1)
Further reading
125(2)
Chapter 7 Analysis of Discrete Entities in Space
7.1 Spatial analysis is more than asking questions
127(1)
7.2 The basic classes of operations for spatial analysis
128(1)
7.3 Operations on the attributes of geographic entities
128(6)
7.4 Examples of deriving new attributes for spatial entities
134(3)
7.5 Operations that depend on a simple distance between A and B: buffering
137(1)
7.6 Operations that depend on connectivity
137(2)
7.7 Operations on attributes of multiple entities that overlap in space
139(4)
7.8 General aspects of data retrieval and modelling using entities
143(1)
7.9 Summary
144(4)
Questions
144(1)
Further reading
145(3)
Chapter 8 Interpolation 1: Deterministic and Spline-based Approaches
8.1 Interpolation: what it is and why it is necessary
148(1)
8.2 The rationale behind interpolation
148(1)
8.3 Data sources for interpolation
149(1)
8.4 Methods for interpolation
150(1)
8.5 The example data sets
151(1)
8.6 Global interpolation
151(1)
8.7 Global prediction using classification models
152(3)
8.8 Global interpolation using trend surfaces
155(3)
8.9 Spatial prediction using global regression on cheap-to-measure attributes
158(2)
8.10 Local, deterministic methods for interpolation
160(1)
8.11 Nearest neighbours: Thiessen (Dirichlet/Voronoi) polygons
160(3)
8.12 Linear interpolators: inverse distance interpolation
163(1)
8.13 Splines
163(3)
8.14 A comparison of simple global and local methods
166(1)
8.15 A comparison of IDW and TPS using cross-validation and grids
166(2)
8.16 Summary
168(4)
Questions
168(1)
Further reading
169(3)
Chapter 9 Interpolation 2: Geostatistical Approaches
9.1 A brief introduction to regionalized variable theory and kriging
172(2)
9.2 Fitting variogram models
174(1)
9.3 Using the variogram for spatial analysis
175(1)
9.4 Isotropic and anisotropic variation
176(1)
9.5 Variograms showing spatial variation at several scales
176(1)
9.6 Local variograms
176(1)
9.7 Using the variogram for interpolation: ordinary kriging
177(2)
9.8 Using kriging to validate the variogram model
179(1)
9.9 Block kriging
179(2)
9.10 Other forms of kriging
181(1)
9.11 Kriging using extra information
182(5)
9.12 Probabilistic kriging
187(1)
9.13 Simulation
188(3)
9.14 The relative merits of different interpolation methods
191(6)
9.15 Using variograms to optimize sampling
197(1)
9.16 Summary
198(4)
Questions
199(1)
Further reading
199(3)
Chapter 10 Analysis of Continuous Fields
10.1 Basic operations for spatial analysis with discretized continuous fields
202(1)
10.2 Interpolation
203(1)
10.3 Spatial analysis using square windows
204(3)
10.4 Filtering case studies
207(10)
10.5 Other grid operators
217(1)
10.6 Other cell-based analysis operations
218(1)
10.7 First and higher order derivatives of a continuous surface
219(4)
10.8 Deriving surface topology and drainage networks
223(3)
10.9 Using the local drain direction network for spatial analysis
226(2)
10.10 Dilation/spreading with or without friction
228(1)
10.11 Summary
229(4)
Questions
230(1)
Further reading
230(3)
Chapter 11 Digital Elevation Models
11.1 Methods of representing DEMs
233(2)
11.2 DEM data sources
235(7)
11.3 Quality of DEMs
242(1)
11.4 Viewsheds, shaded relief, and irradiance
243(4)
11.5 Applications of DEMs
247(1)
11.6 Future developments
247(1)
11.7 Summary
248(4)
Questions
249(1)
Further reading
249(3)
Chapter 12 Space-Time Modelling and Error Propagation
12.1 Introducing computational modelling
252(1)
12.2 Capturing spatio-temporal dynamics in computation modelling
253(2)
12.3 GIS-based computational modelling
255(6)
12.4 Accounting for errors in modelling
261(3)
12.5 Summary
264(3)
Questions
265(1)
Further reading
266(1)
Chapter 13 Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Geographical Objects
13.1 Imprecision as a way of thought
267(1)
13.2 Fuzzy sets and fuzzy objects
268(2)
13.3 Choosing the membership function 1: the semantic import approach
270(2)
13.4 Operations on several fuzzy sets
272(4)
13.5 Error analysis of selections made using Boolean and fuzzy logic
276(1)
13.6 Applying the SI approach to polygon boundaries
277(3)
13.7 Combining fuzzy boundaries and fuzzy attributes
280(1)
13.8 Choosing the membership function 2: fuzzy k-means
280(2)
13.9 Class overlap, confusion, and geographical boundaries
282(2)
13.10 Discussion: the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of fuzzy classification
284(1)
13.11 Summary
285(3)
Questions
286(1)
Further reading
286(2)
Chapter 14 GIS, Transformations, and Future Developments
14.1 The fundamental axioms and procedures of GIS use
288(1)
14.2 Policies and legal frameworks of geographical data
289(4)
14.3 Future GIS transformations
293(2)
14.4 Summary
295(2)
Further reading
296(1)
Appendix 1 Glossary of Commonly Used GIS Terms 297(18)
References 315(12)
Index 327