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Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems 1998 ed. [Kõva köide]

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Scholars of defense studies at the Technical University of Istanbul explore the planning and architectural design of surveillance systems for surface water traffic. Among the service demands of such systems would be determining the position, course, velocity, classification, and identification of objects on or near the sea surface and evaluating and disseminating the data to users to aid in safe navigation or for other purposes. They also deal with systems aspects such as ship-shore communications, reliability, flexibility, interoperability with other systems, and cost. Such systems could be applied in civilian, military, or law enforcement contexts and in a range of geographical setting including open seas, coastal waters, straits, inland waterways, rivers, or lakes. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Information is always required by organizations of coastal states about the movements, identities and intentions of vessels sailing in the waters of interest to them, which may be coastal waters, straits, inland waterways, rivers, lakes or open seas. This interest may stem from defense requirements or from needs for the protection of off-shore resources, enhanced search and rescue services, deterrence of smuggling, drug trafficking and other illegal activities and/or for providing vessel traffic services for safe and efficient navigation and protection of the environment.
To meet these needs it is necessary to have a well designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing other types of information required by a variety of user groups ranging from port authorities, shipping companies, marine exchanges to governments and the military.
Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems will be of vital interest to anyone responsible for the design, implementation or provision of a well designed maritime surveillance and control system capable of tracking ships and providing navigational and other types of information required for safe navigation and efficient commercial operation. Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems is therefore essential to a variety of user groups ranging from port authorities to shipping companies and marine exchanges as well as civil governments and the military.

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Springer Book Archives
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction
Objective and Scope
1(1)
Generic Requirements
2(2)
Basic Requirements
3(1)
Surveillance System
3(1)
Content of the Book
4(2)
References
6(1)
Maritime Surveillance Applications
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
7(4)
Naval Surveillance Systems
11(4)
Comparison of Civilian and Military (Naval) Systems
15(7)
Design Methodology
22(5)
References
27(8)
Annex 2A: Simulation of Naval Surveillance Aircraft Coverage Area and Revisit Time
28(7)
Maritime Environment
Effects of the Environment
35(1)
Sea Conditions
36(9)
Sea Waves
37(4)
Ship Rotations
41(1)
Multipath
42(1)
Ducting Phenomenon
43(1)
Sea Currents
44(1)
Clutter
45(8)
Clutter Characterisation
45(6)
Surface and Volume Clutter
51(2)
Sea Clutter
53(2)
Land Clutter
55(1)
Atmospheric Clutter
56(2)
Signal Attenuation by the Propagation Medium
58(2)
Clear Air Attenuation
58(1)
Precipitation Attenuation
58(2)
References
60(3)
Sensors
Introduction
63(1)
Radars
64(14)
General Features
64(10)
Radar Equation
74(4)
Microwave Radar for VTMIS Applications
78(11)
Requirements
79(9)
Typical Specifications FMCW Radars
88(1)
Microwave Imaging Radars
89(14)
The Role of Microwave Imaging Radars in MSS
90(1)
Range Profiling Radars
91(1)
Basic Principles of Side-Looking SAR
92(6)
Basic Principles of ISAR
98(4)
System Aspects
102(1)
Typical Parameters of Airborne SAR/ISAR
103(1)
Spaceborne Radars
103(12)
Characteristics
103(3)
Active and Passive Sensing
106(1)
System Requirements
106(3)
Synthetic Aperture Radar Design
109(4)
Need for R&D
113(2)
Electronic Warfare Support Measures (ESM)
115(10)
The Role of ESM and ELINT in Maritime Surveillance
115(2)
ESM Requirements
117(1)
ESM Subsystems
117(3)
ESM Receiver Types
120(1)
Direction Finding Techniques
121(2)
Maximum Intercept Range of ESM Receivers
123(2)
Optical and IR Sensors
125(17)
Optical and IR Sensors in Maritime Surveillance
125(1)
Basic Quantities and Terminology
126(2)
Atmospheric Transmission and Visibility
128(3)
Radiation From Tragets and the Environment
131(2)
Parameters of the System Optics
133(4)
Performance Parameters
137(3)
Typical Sensor Specifications
140(2)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
142(24)
GPS for Maritime Surveillance
142(8)
Differential GPS (dGPS)
150(6)
Transmission of Differential Corrections
156(7)
Combined LORAN-C/dGPS (EUROFIX)
163(1)
Future Trends in Satellite Navigation
163(3)
HF Over-the-Horizon Radar
166(10)
The Role of HF Radar in MSS
166(1)
Skywave Propagation
167(1)
Surface Wave Path Loss Calculations
168(2)
RCS Considerations
170(1)
Antenna Performance
171(1)
HF Spectrum Occupancy
171(1)
Sea Clutter at HF Frequencies
172(1)
Monitoring the Sea Surface With HF Radar
173(2)
Typical Parameters of HF Radars
175(1)
References
176(11)
Orbital Parameters for Surveillance Satellites
179(5)
Synthetic Aperture Radar System Definition and Design Procedures
184(3)
Sensor Platforms
Types of Platforms
187(1)
Maritime Surveillance Aircraft (MSA)
188(10)
Mission
188(1)
Types of MSA
189(4)
Quantity of Aircraft
193(2)
Mission and Flight Profiles
195(1)
Integration
196(2)
Helicopters
198(1)
Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV)
199(5)
Missions
199(1)
Classification of UAV
200(4)
Aerostats
204(2)
Airborne Platforms for SAR
206(7)
Search and Rescue
206(2)
Communications
208(1)
Vessel Features for SAR
209(1)
Search Patterns
210(3)
References
213(2)
Principles of Automatic Target Recognition in a Maritime Environment
Scope
215(1)
EM Characterization of Vessels
216(5)
Principles of Target Classification by Radar
221(7)
Feature Extraction
222(2)
Classification
224(4)
Classification of Targets by Radar
228(4)
Levels of Classification
228(1)
Automatic Classification by Radar
229(3)
Classification and Identification by ESM
232(2)
IFF Classification
234(1)
Low Observable Technology
235(3)
Methods of RCS Reduction
236(2)
Detection and Classification of Stealthy Targets
238(1)
References
238(3)
Multisensor Data Fusion
Objective
241(4)
Types of Data Fusion
245(3)
Centralized Data Fusion
245(1)
Distributed Data Fusion
246(2)
Levels of Data Fusion
248(3)
Sensor Attributes
251(2)
Algorithms for Multisensor Data Fusion
253(6)
Positional Fusion Algorithms
254(1)
Identity Fusion Algorithms
255(3)
Ancillary Support Algorithms
258(1)
Positional Fusion Algorithms
259(11)
Multi Target Tracking
259(7)
Common Time and Coordinate Reference
266(1)
Positional Fusion Algorithms
267(3)
Decision-Level Identity Fusion
270(16)
Classical Inference
271(3)
Bayes Method
274(2)
The Demster-Shafer Method for Identity Fusion
276(7)
A Simulation Model for Bayes and Demster-Shafer Fusion Algorithms
283(3)
Feature-Level Identity Fusion
286(5)
Cluster Analysis Methods
287(2)
Adaptive Neural Nets
289(1)
Voting Methods
290(1)
Parametric Templates
290(1)
Display System
291(6)
Database Management
297(4)
References
301(4)
Communications Systems and Data Links
General
305(1)
Communications for VTMIS
305(11)
Requirements
305(1)
RSS-VTC Communications
306(1)
Ship-to-VTC Communications
307(6)
Intra VTC Communications
313(1)
Inter VTC Communications
314(1)
Communications Between VTC and Relevant Authorities
314(1)
Crisis Management Communications
314(2)
VTC-Ship Owners/Agents Communications
316(1)
Public Communications
316(1)
Type of Communications
316(1)
Naval Surveillance System Communications
316(23)
System Composition
316(1)
Communication Requirements
317(6)
Possible Data Link Solutions
323(16)
Error Analysis of the Positional data
339(9)
References
348(1)
Simulation of Maritime Surveillance Systems
Introduction
349(3)
The Characteristics of Simulation
352(8)
Need for Simulation
352(3)
Accelerated Simulation Methods
355(1)
Verification and Validation
356(1)
Event Based Simulation
357(3)
Simulation of MSS
360(5)
General Aspects
360(1)
Sensor Models
361(4)
Simulation In Maritime Surveillance (SIMS)
365(34)
Description of the Model
365(5)
Event Routines
370(27)
Sample Outputs
397(2)
An Off-Line Simulator for Construction of a Scattering Centre Representation of Ships (GRS)
399(5)
Introduction
399(1)
Model Outline
400(2)
Sample Outputs
402(2)
A Traffic Flow Simulator: TURBO
404(11)
Requirements for a Traffic Flow Simulator
404(1)
Model Outline
405(10)
References
415(2)
New Technologies, New Functions and Solutions
Areas of R&D for VTMIS
417(1)
Silent VTS
417(1)
Developments in Sensor and Data Processing Technologies
418(1)
Developments in Communications
418(1)
Developments in dGPS
419(1)
New Functions and Solutions
420(13)
Automatic Ships Tracking
420(2)
Automatic Ships Identification (AIS)
422(4)
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
426(1)
Additional Ships Motion Data
427(1)
Visualisation of Collision-A voidance Information and Decision Support for Encounter Situations
428(1)
Extended Path Prediction Function
429(2)
VTS Information Recording and Play-back
431(1)
Remote Pilotage
431(1)
Non-Cooperative Tracking of High Speed and Low RCS Vessels
432(1)
Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems (IKBS)
433(1)
Issues to be Resolved for Safe and Efficient Navigation with VTS
433(28)
The Issues
433(1)
Comment on the Issues
434(27)
References
461(8)
Annex 10A Electronic Chart Display And Information Systems (ECDIS)
463(4)
Annex 10B ECDIS for VTS
467(2)
Cost Analysis and Implementation Planning
Cost Methodology
469(1)
Investment Costs
470(2)
Operational and Maintenance Costs
472(2)
Total Cost
474(1)
Reliability and Availability
474(5)
Implementation Planning
479(4)
Implementation Strategy
479(2)
Principles of Implementation
481(2)
References
483(2)
Index 485