Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Principles of Optics for Engineers: Diffraction and Modal Analysis [Kõva köide]

(University of California, San Diego)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 240 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 236x185x20 mm, kaal: 640 g, 1 Tables, black and white; 61 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107074908
  • ISBN-13: 9781107074903
Teised raamatud teemal:
Principles of Optics for Engineers: Diffraction and Modal AnalysisSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 240 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 236x185x20 mm, kaal: 640 g, 1 Tables, black and white; 61 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-May-2015
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107074908
  • ISBN-13: 9781107074903
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781107074903.html
Märksõnad:
Uniting classical and modern photonics approaches by presenting optical analyses as solutions of Maxwell's equations, this unique book enables students and practising engineers to fully understand the similarities and differences between the different methods. The book begins with a thorough discussion of plane wave analysis, which provides a clear understanding of optics without considering boundary condition or device configuration. It then goes on to cover diffraction analysis of many applications, including a rigorous analysis of TEM waves using Maxwell's equations with boundaries. Laser cavity modes and Gaussian beams are presented, modal analysis is covered, and approximation methods are discussed (including the perturbation technique, coupled mode analysis, and super mode analysis). With theory linked to practical examples throughout, it provides a clear understanding of the interplay between plane wave, diffraction and modal analysis, and how the different techniques can be applied to various areas including imaging, signal processing, and optoelectronic devices.

Muu info

Unites classical and modern photonics approaches, providing a thorough understanding of the interplay between plane waves, diffraction and modal analysis.
Introduction 1(3)
1 Optical plane waves in an unbounded medium 4(30)
1.1 Introduction to optical plane waves
4(10)
1.1.1 Plane waves and Maxwell's equations
4(3)
a The y-polarized plane wave
5(1)
b The x-polarized plane wave
6(1)
1.1.2 Plane waves in an arbitrary direction
7(2)
1.1.3 Evanescent plane waves
9(1)
1.1.4 Intensity and power
9(1)
1.1.5 Superposition and plane wave modes
10(3)
a Plane waves with circular polarization
10(1)
b Interference of coherent plane waves
10(1)
c Representation by summation of plane waves
11(2)
1.1.6 Representation of plane waves as optical rays
13(1)
1.2 Mirror reflection of plane waves
14(3)
1.2.1 Plane waves polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
14(1)
1.2.2 Plane waves polarized in the plane of incidence
15(1)
1.2.3 Plane waves with arbitrary polarization
15(1)
1.2.4 The intensity
15(1)
1.2.5 Ray representation of reflection
15(1)
1.2.6 Reflection from a spherical mirror
16(1)
1.3 Refraction of plane waves
17(11)
1.3.1 Plane waves polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
17(2)
1.3.2 Plane waves polarized in the plane of incidence
19(1)
1.3.3 Properties of refracted and transmitted waves
20(2)
a Transmission and reflection at different incident angles
20(1)
b Total internal reflection
21(1)
c Refraction and reflection of arbitrary polarized waves
21(1)
d Ray representation of refraction
21(1)
1.3.4 Refraction and dispersion in prisms
22(3)
a Plane wave analysis of prisms
22(2)
b Ray analysis of prisms
24(1)
c Thin prism represented as a transparent layer with a varying index
24(1)
1.3.5 Refraction in a lens
25(12)
a Ray analysis of a thin lens
25(2)
b Thin lens represented as a transparency with varying index
27(1)
1.4 Geometrical relations in image formation
28(2)
1.5 Reflection and transmission at a grating
30(1)
1.6 Pulse propagation of plane waves
31(1)
Chapter summary
32(2)
2 Superposition of plane waves and applications 34(19)
2.1 Reflection and anti-reflection coatings
34(3)
2.2 Fabry-Perot resonance
37(6)
2.2.1 Multiple reflections and Fabry-Perot resonance
37(2)
2.2.2 Properties of Fabry-Perot resonance
39(2)
2.2.3 Applications of the Fabry-Perot resonance
41(5)
a The Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer
41(1)
b Measurement of refractive properties of materials
42(1)
c Resonators for filtering and time delay of signals
43(1)
2.3 Reconstruction of propagating waves
43(3)
2.4 Planar waveguide modes viewed as internal reflected plane waves
46(5)
2.4.1 Plane waves incident from the cladding
46(2)
2.4.2 Plane waves incident from the substrate
48(1)
a Incident plane waves with sin-1 (n, I ns) < Os < r /2
48(1)
b Incident plane waves with 0 Os < sin-1(nc/ns)
48(1)
2.4.3 Plane waves incident within the waveguide: the planar waveguide modes
48(2)
2.4.4 The hollow dielectric waveguide mode
50(1)
Chapter summary
51(2)
3 Scalar wave equation and diffraction of optical radiation 53(20)
3.1 The scalar wave equation
54(1)
3.2 The solution of the scalar wave equation: Kirchhoff's diffraction integral
55(16)
3.2.1 Kirchhoff's integral and the unit impulse response
57(1)
3.2.2 Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions
57(1)
3.2.3 Applications of diffraction integrals
58(7)
a Far field diffraction pattern of an aperture
58(2)
b Far field radiation intensity pattern of a lens
60(2)
c Fraunhofer diffraction in the focal plane of a lens
62(3)
d The lens viewed as a transformation element
65(1)
3.2.4 Convolution theory and other mathematical techniques
65(10)
a The convolution relation
66(1)
b Double slit diffraction
66(1)
c Diffraction by an opaque disk
67(1)
d The Fresnel lens
67(1)
e Spatial filtering
67(4)
Chapter summary
71(2)
4 Optical resonators and Gaussian beams 73(36)
4.1 Integral equations for laser cavities
74(1)
4.2 Modes in confocal cavities
75(11)
4.2.1 The simplified integral equation for confocal cavities
75(2)
4.2.2 Analytical solutions of the modes in confocal cavities
77(1)
4.2.3 Properties of resonant modes in confocal cavities
78(5)
a The transverse field pattern
78(1)
b The resonance frequency
79(1)
c The orthogonality of the modes
79(1)
d A simplified analytical expression of the field
80(1)
e The spot size
81(1)
f The diffraction loss
81(1)
g The line width of resonances
82(1)
4.2.4 Radiation fields inside and outside the cavity
83(3)
a The far field pattern of the TEM modes
84(1)
b A general expression for the TEMlm Gaussian modes
84(1)
c An example to illustrate confocal cavity modes
85(1)
4.3 Modes of non-confocal cavities
86(5)
4.3.1 Formation of a new cavity for known modes of confocal resonator
86(2)
4.3.2 Finding the virtual equivalent confocal resonator for a given set of reflectors
88(1)
4.3.3 A formal procedure to find the resonant modes in non-confocal cavities
89(2)
4.3.4 An example of resonant modes in a non-confocal cavity
91(1)
4.4 The propagation and transformation of Gaussian beams (the ABCD matrix)
91(16)
4.4.1 A Gaussian mode as a solution of Maxwell's equation
92(2)
4.4.2 The physical meaning of the terms in the Gaussian beam expression
94(1)
4.4.3 The analysis of Gaussian beam propagation by matrix transformation
95(2)
4.4.4 Gaussian beam passing through a lens
97(1)
4.4.5 Gaussian beam passing through a spatial filter
98(2)
4.4.6 Gaussian beam passing through a prism
100(2)
4.4.7 Diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a grating
102(1)
4.4.8 Focusing a Gaussian beam
103(1)
4.4.9 An example of Gaussian mode matching
104(1)
4.4.10 Modes in complex cavities
105(1)
4.4.11 An example of the resonance mode in a ring cavity
106(1)
Chapter summary
107(2)
5 Optical waveguides and fibers 109(39)
5.1 Introduction to optical waveguides and fibers
109(3)
5.2 Electromagnetic analysis of modes in planar optical waveguides
112(1)
5.2.1 The asymmetric planar waveguide
112(1)
5.2.2 Equations for TE and TM modes
112(1)
5.3 TE modes of planar waveguides
113(8)
5.3.1 TE planar guided-wave modes
114(1)
5.3.2 TE planar guided-wave modes in a symmetrical waveguide
115(2)
5.3.3 The cut-off condition of TE planar guided-wave modes
117(1)
5.3.4 An example of TE planar guided-wave modes
118(1)
5.3.5 TE planar substrate modes
119(1)
5.3.6 TE planar air modes
119(2)
5.4 TM modes of planar waveguides
121(5)
5.4.1 TM planar guided-wave modes
121(1)
5.4.2 TM planar guided-wave modes in a symmetrical waveguide
122(1)
5.4.3 The cut-off condition of TM planar guided-wave modes
123(1)
5.4.4 An example of TM planar guided-wave modes
123(1)
5.4.5 TM planar substrate modes
124(1)
5.4.6 TM planar air modes
125(1)
5.4.7 Two practical considerations for TM modes
126(1)
5.5 Guided waves in planar waveguides
126(9)
5.5.1 The orthogonality of modes
126(1)
5.5.2 Guided waves propagating in the y-z plane
127(1)
5.5.3 Convergent and divergent guided waves
127(1)
5.5.4 Refraction of a planar guided wave
128(1)
5.5.5 Focusing and collimation of planar guided waves
129(2)
a The Luneberg lens
129(1)
b The geodesic lens
129(1)
c The Fresnel diffraction lens
130(1)
5.5.6 Grating diffraction of planar guided waves
131(3)
5.5.7 Excitation of planar guided-wave modes
134(1)
5.5.8 Multi-layer planar waveguides
135(1)
5.6 Channel waveguides
135(7)
5.6.1 The effective index analysis
136(4)
5.6.2 An example of the effective index method
140(1)
5.6.3 Channel waveguide modes of complex structures
141(1)
5.7 Guided-wave modes in optical fibers
142(4)
5.7.1 Guided-wave solutions of Maxwell's equations
142(2)
5.7.2 Properties of the modes in fibers
144(1)
5.7.3 Properties of optical fibers in applications
145(1)
5.7.4 The cladding modes
146(1)
Chapter summary
146(2)
6 Guided-wave interactions 148(28)
6.1 Review of properties of the modes in a waveguide
149(1)
6.2 Perturbation analysis
150(3)
6.2.1 Derivation of perturbation analysis
150(2)
6.2.2 A simple application of perturbation analysis: perturbation by a nearby dielectric
152(1)
6.3 Coupled mode analysis
153(10)
6.3.1 Modes of two uncoupled parallel waveguides
153(1)
6.3.2 Modes of two coupled waveguides
154(1)
6.3.3 An example of coupled mode analysis: the grating reflection filter
155(5)
6.3.4 Another example of coupled mode analysis: the directional coupler
160(3)
6.4 Super mode analysis
163(1)
6.5 Super modes of two parallel waveguides
163(6)
6.5.1 Super modes of two well-separated waveguides
164(1)
6.5.2 Super modes of two coupled waveguides
164(2)
6.5.3 Super modes of two coupled identical waveguides
166(4)
a Super modes obtained from the effective index method
166(2)
b Super modes obtained from coupled mode analysis
168(1)
6.6 Directional coupling of two identical waveguides viewed as super modes
169(1)
6.7 Super mode analysis of the adiabatic Y-branch and Mach-Zehnder interferometer
170(5)
6.7.1 The adiabatic horn
170(1)
6.7.2 Super mode analysis of a symmetric Y-branch
171(2)
a A single-mode Y-branch
171(2)
b A double-mode Y-branch
173(1)
6.7.3 Super mode analysis of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer
173(2)
Chapter summary
175(1)
7 Passive waveguide devices 176(20)
7.1 Waveguide and fiber tapers
176(1)
7.2 Power dividers
176(10)
7.2.1 The Y-branch equal-power splitter
177(1)
7.2.2 The directional coupler
177(1)
7.2.3 The multi-mode interference coupler
178(4)
7.2.4 The Star coupler
182(4)
7.3 The phased array channel waveguide frequency demultiplexer
186(2)
7.4 Wavelength filters and resonators
188(7)
7.4.1 Grating filters
188(1)
7.4.2 DBR resonators
189(1)
7.4.3 The ring resonator wavelength filter
189(5)
a Variable-gap directional coupling
190(1)
b The resonance condition of the couple ring
191(1)
c Power transfer
192(1)
d The free spectral range and the Q-factor
192(2)
7.4.4 The ring resonator delay line
194(1)
Chapter summary
195(1)
8 Active opto-electronic guided-wave components 196(23)
8.1 The effect of electro-optical χ
197(3)
8.1.1 Electro-optic effects in plane waves
197(1)
8.1.2 Electro-optic effects in waveguides at low frequencies
198(2)
a Effect of Δχ'
198(1)
b Effect of Δχ'
199(1)
8.2 The physical mechanisms to create Δχ
200(11)
8.2.1 Δχ'
200(5)
a The LiNbO3 waveguide
202(1)
b The polymer waveguide
203(1)
c The III-V compound semiconductor waveguide
203(2)
8.2.2 &dELTA;&CHI;" in semiconductors
205(6)
a Stimulated absorption and the bandgap
205(1)
b The quantum-confined Stark effect, QCSE
206(5)
8.3 Active opto-electronic devices
211(4)
8.3.1 The phase modulator
211(1)
8.3.2 The Mach-Zhender modulator
212(1)
8.3.3 The directional coupler modulator/switch
213(1)
8.3.4 The electro-absorption modulator
214(1)
8.4 The traveling wave modulator
215(2)
Chapter summary
217(2)
Appendix 219(6)
Index 225
William S. C. Chang is an Emeritus Professor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD). After receiving his PhD from Brown University in 1957, he also taught at Stanford University, the Ohio State University and Washington University, St Louis. He pioneered maser and laser research at Stanford, and he has been involved in guided-wave research at Washington University and UCSD since 1971. He has published over 200 technical papers and several books, including Fundamentals of Guided-Wave Optoelectronic Devices (Cambridge University Press, 2009), Principles of Lasers and Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005) and RF Photonic Technology in Optical Fiber Links (Cambridge University Press, 2002).