| Preface |
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xv | |
| 1 Introduction to Gas-Turbine Engines |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (1) |
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Advantages of Gas-Turbine Engines |
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1 | (2) |
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Applications of Gas-Turbine Engines |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Air Intake and Inlet Flow Passage |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Multispool Engine Arrangements |
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6 | (1) |
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Thermodynamic Cycle in a Single-Combustor Engine |
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6 | (1) |
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Importance of Metallurgical Progress |
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7 | (2) |
| 2 Overview of Turbomachinery Nomenclature |
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9 | (17) |
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Definition of a Turbomachine |
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9 | (1) |
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General Classification of Turbomachines |
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10 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (2) |
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Viscosity and Compressibility Factors |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (1) |
| 3 Aerothermodynamics of Turbomachines and Design-Related Topics |
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26 | (86) |
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Assumptions and Limitations |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (1) |
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Introduction of Total Properties |
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29 | (1) |
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Ideal Gas as a Working Medium |
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29 | (7) |
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Entropy-Based Loss Coefficient |
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36 | (3) |
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Compressibility of the Working Medium |
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39 | (1) |
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Sonic Speed in Ideal Gases |
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39 | (1) |
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Mach Number and Compressibility of a Flow Field |
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40 | (1) |
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Total Properties in Terms of the Mach Number |
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40 | (1) |
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Definition of the Critical Mach Number |
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41 | (2) |
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Total Properties in Terms of the Critical Mach Number |
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43 | (2) |
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Definition of the Pitch Line in Turbomachines |
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45 | (1) |
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Continuity Equation in Terms of Total Properties |
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46 | (2) |
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Isentropic Flow in Varying-Area Passages |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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Nozzle- and Diffuser-Like Airfoil Cascades |
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52 | (2) |
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Bernoulli's Equation: Applicability and Limitations |
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54 | (4) |
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Favorable and Unfavorable Pressure Gradients |
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58 | (5) |
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Design-Point and Off-Design Operating Modes |
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63 | (1) |
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Choice of the Design Point |
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64 | (1) |
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Variable-Geometry Turbomachines |
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65 | (5) |
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Means of Assessing Turbomachinery Performance |
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70 | (4) |
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Total Relative Flow Properties |
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74 | (1) |
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Introduction of the Relative Critical Mach Number |
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75 | (2) |
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Losses in Constant-Area Annular Ducts (Fanno Line) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (14) |
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94 | (3) |
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Definition of the Momentum Thickness |
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97 | (6) |
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103 | (9) |
| 4 Energy Transfer between a Fluid and a Rotor |
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112 | (60) |
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Stationary and Rotating Frames of Reference |
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115 | (4) |
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119 | (1) |
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Components of Energy Transfer |
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120 | (2) |
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Definition of the Stage Reaction |
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122 | (1) |
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Reaction of Axial-Flow Stages |
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122 | (2) |
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Invariant Thermophysical Properties |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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The Total Relative Enthalpy (htr) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Importance of the Invariant Properties |
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125 | (3) |
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Total Relative Properties |
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128 | (3) |
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Incidence and Deviation Angles |
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131 | (26) |
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157 | (15) |
| 5 Dimensional Analysis, Maps, and Specific Speed |
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172 | (36) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Buckingham's π Theorem: Incompressible Flows |
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173 | (1) |
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Application of Buckingham's Theorem to Compressible-Flow Turbomachines |
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173 | (2) |
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Compressor and Turbine Maps |
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175 | (3) |
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Choking of Compressors and Turbines |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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Application of Specific Speed to Incompressible-Flow Turbomachines |
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182 | (1) |
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Application of Specific Speed to Compressible-Flow Turbomachines |
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183 | (2) |
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Design Role of Specific Speed |
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185 | (1) |
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Traditional Specific Speed Approximations |
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186 | (14) |
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200 | (8) |
| 6 Radial-Equilibrium Theory |
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208 | (26) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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Derivation of the Radial-Equilibrium Equation |
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210 | (3) |
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Special Forms of the Radial-Equilibrium Equation |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (12) |
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226 | (8) |
| 7 Polytropic (Small-Stage) Efficiency |
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234 | (16) |
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Derivation of the Polytropic Efficiency |
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234 | (3) |
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Multistage Compressors and Turbines |
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237 | (6) |
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243 | (7) |
| 8 Axial-Flow Turbines |
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250 | (97) |
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250 | (1) |
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The Preliminary Design Process |
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250 | (5) |
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Stage Design: A Simplified Approach |
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255 | (21) |
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Definitions of the Incidence and Deviation Angles |
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276 | (4) |
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Detailed Design of Airfoil Cascades |
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280 | (3) |
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Airfoil-Cascade Geometry Variables |
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283 | (2) |
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Airfoil Aerodynamic Loading |
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285 | (2) |
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Geometrical Discontinuities |
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287 | (3) |
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Performance-Controlling Variables |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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Suction-Side Flow Diffusion |
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296 | (3) |
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Location of the Front Stagnation Point |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Design-Oriented Empirical Correlations |
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301 | (3) |
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Stacking of the Vane and Blade Airfoil Sections |
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304 | (2) |
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Shaft-Work Extraction in Low-Aspect-Ratio Blades |
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306 | (1) |
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The Supersonic Stator Option |
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306 | (6) |
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Shape of the Stagnation Streamlines |
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312 | (1) |
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Simple Component Adaptation Means |
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313 | (1) |
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Hot-to-Cold Dimensions' Conversion |
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314 | (2) |
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Cooling Flow Extraction and Path of Delivery |
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316 | (19) |
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335 | (12) |
| 9 Axial-Flow Compressors |
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347 | (51) |
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347 | (1) |
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Comparison with Axial-Flow Turbines |
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347 | (3) |
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Stage Definition and Multiple Staging |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (2) |
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Standard Airfoil Profiles |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (3) |
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Compressor Off-Design Characteristics |
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360 | (1) |
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Rotating Stall and Total Surge |
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360 | (3) |
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Compressor Behavior during Start-up |
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363 | (1) |
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Means of Suppressing Start-up Problems |
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364 | (21) |
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385 | (13) |
| 10 Radial-Inflow Turbines |
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398 | (73) |
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398 | (1) |
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Components of Energy Transfer |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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Other Performance-Related Dimensionless Variables |
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401 | (1) |
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Total Relative Properties and Critical Mach Number |
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402 | (1) |
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Conventional-Stage Geometrical Configurations |
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403 | (5) |
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408 | (7) |
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415 | (3) |
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Closed-Form Loss Correlations |
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418 | (7) |
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Effect of the "Scallop" Radius and Backface Clearance |
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425 | (29) |
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Stage Placement in a Multistage Turbine |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (3) |
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458 | (13) |
| 11 Centrifugal Compressors |
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471 | (58) |
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472 | (3) |
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475 | (1) |
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Inlet-Duct Total Pressure Loss |
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475 | (1) |
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Compressor Thermodynamics |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (4) |
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Components of Energy Transfer and Stage Reaction |
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481 | (1) |
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Performance Consequences of the Static Head |
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482 | (3) |
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Performance Consequences of the Dynamic Head |
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485 | (1) |
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Acceleration Components within the Impeller |
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486 | (2) |
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488 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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Stage Total-to-Total Efficiency |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (3) |
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One-Dimensional Approach to Volute Design |
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492 | (1) |
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Total-to-Static Efficiency |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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Impeller/Stator Unsteady Flow Interaction |
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496 | (19) |
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515 | (14) |
| 12 Turbine-Compressor Matching |
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529 | (44) |
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533 | (3) |
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536 | (2) |
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Performance-Related Variables in Propulsion Systems |
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538 | (3) |
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Gas Generator Operating Lines on Compressor Maps: Constant T14/T12 Lines |
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541 | (3) |
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Required Post-processing Work |
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544 | (16) |
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560 | (13) |
| References |
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573 | (2) |
| Index |
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575 | |
