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Principles of Turbomachinery [Kõva köide]

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(Ohio State University)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 480 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 243x164x30 mm, kaal: 803 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0470536721
  • ISBN-13: 9780470536728
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Principles of TurbomachinerySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 480 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 243x164x30 mm, kaal: 803 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jan-2012
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0470536721
  • ISBN-13: 9780470536728
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780470536728.html
Märksõnad:
The text is based on a course on turbomachinery which the author has taught since year 2000 as a technical elective. Topics include; Energy Transfer in Turbomachines, Gas and Steam Turbines, and Hydraulic Turbines. New material on wind turbines, and three-dimensional effects in axial turbomachines is included. The level is kept as such that students can smoothly move from a study of the most successful books in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer to the subject of turbomachinery. The chapters are organized in such a way that the more difficult material is left to the later sections of each chapter. Thus, depending on the level of the students, instructors can tailor their course by omitting some sections. Key features:





Combines theory and applications to show how gas turbines, pumps and compressor function



Allows for a smooth transition from the study of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer to the subject of turbomachinery for students and professionals



Relates turbomachinery to new areas such as wind power and three-dimensional effects in axial turbomachines Provides information on several types of turbomachinery rather than concentrating specifically on one type such as centrifugal compressors
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Energy and fluid machines
1(6)
1.1.1 Energy conversion of fossil fuels
1(1)
1.1.2 Steam turbines
2(1)
1.1.3 Gas turbines
3(1)
1.1.4 Hydraulic turbines
4(1)
1.1.5 Wind turbines
5(1)
1.1.6 Compressors
5(1)
1.1.7 Pumps and blowers
5(1)
1.1.8 Other uses and issues
6(1)
1.2 Historical survey
7(8)
1.2.1 Water power
7(1)
1.2.2 Wind turbines
8(1)
1.2.3 Steam turbines
9(1)
1.2.4 Jet propulsion
10(1)
1.2.5 Industrial turbines
11(1)
1.2.6 Note on units
12(3)
2 Principles of Thermodynamics and Fluid Flow
15(42)
2.1 Mass conservation principle
15(2)
2.2 First law of thermodynamics
17(2)
2.3 Second law of thermodynamics
19(1)
2.3.1 T ds equations
19(1)
2.4 Equations of state
20(16)
2.4.1 Properties of steam
21(6)
2.4.2 Ideal gases
27(2)
2.4.3 Air tables and isentropic relations
29(2)
2.4.4 Ideal gas mixtures
31(4)
2.4.5 Incompressibility
35(1)
2.4.6 Stagnation state
35(1)
2.5 Efficiency
36(11)
2.5.1 Efficiency measures
36(6)
2.5.2 Thermodynamic losses
42(1)
2.5.3 Incompressible fluid
43(1)
2.5.4 Compressible flows
44(3)
2.6 Momentum balance
47(10)
Exercises
54(3)
3 Compressible Flow through Nozzles
57(48)
3.1 Mach number and the speed of sound
57(4)
3.1.1 Mach number relations
59(2)
3.2 Isentropic flow with area change
61(8)
3.2.1 Converging nozzle
65(2)
3.2.2 Converging-diverging nozzle
67(2)
3.3 Normal shocks
69(6)
3.3.1 Rankine-Hugoniot relations
73(2)
3.4 Influence of friction in flow through straight nozzles
75(15)
3.4.1 Polytropic efficiency
75(4)
3.4.2 Loss coefficients
79(3)
3.4.3 Nozzle efficiency
82(2)
3.4.4 Combined Fanno flow and area change
84(6)
3.5 Supersaturation
90(2)
3.6 Prandtl-Meyer expansion
92(8)
3.6.1 Mach waves
92(1)
3.6.2 Prandtl-Meyer theory
93(7)
3.7 Flow leaving a turbine nozzle
100(5)
Exercises
103(2)
4 Principles of Turbomachine Analysis
105(30)
4.1 Velocity triangles
106(2)
4.2 Moment of momentum balance
108(1)
4.3 Energy transfer in turbomachines
109(8)
4.3.1 Trothalpy and specific work in terms of velocities
113(3)
4.3.2 Degree of reaction
116(1)
4.4 Utilization
117(7)
4.5 Scaling and similitude
124(6)
4.5.1 Similitude
124(1)
4.5.2 Incompressible flow
125(3)
4.5.3 Shape parameter or specific speed
128(1)
4.5.4 Compressible flow analysis
128(2)
4.6 Performance characteristics
130(5)
4.6.1 Compressor performance map
131(1)
4.6.2 Turbine performance map
131(1)
Exercises
132(3)
5 Steam Turbines
135(30)
5.1 Introduction
135(2)
5.2 Impulse turbines
137(21)
5.2.1 Single-stage impulse turbine
137(9)
5.2.2 Pressure compounding
146(4)
5.2.3 Blade shapes
150(2)
5.2.4 Velocity compounding
152(6)
5.3 Stage with zero reaction
158(2)
5.4 Loss coefficients
160(5)
Exercises
162(3)
6 Axial Turbines
165(56)
6.1 Introduction
165(2)
6.2 Turbine stage analysis
167(4)
6.3 Flow and loading coefficients and reaction ratio
171(10)
6.3.1 Fifty percent (50%) stage
176(2)
6.3.2 Zero percent (0%) reaction stage
178(1)
6.3.3 Off-design operation
179(2)
6.4 Three-dimensional flow
181(1)
6.5 Radial equilibrium
181(6)
6.5.1 Free vortex flow
183(3)
6.5.2 Fixed blade angle
186(1)
6.6 Constant mass flux
187(3)
6.7 Turbine efficiency and losses
190(24)
6.7.1 Soderberg loss coefficients
190(1)
6.7.2 Stage efficiency
191(1)
6.7.3 Stagnation pressure losses
192(6)
6.7.4 Performance charts
198(5)
6.7.5 Zweifel correlation
203(1)
6.7.6 Further discussion of losses
204(1)
6.7.7 Ainley-Mathieson correlation
205(4)
6.7.8 Secondary loss
209(5)
6.8 Multistage turbine
214(7)
6.8.1 Reheat factor in a multistage turbine
214(2)
6.8.2 Polytropic or small-stage efficiency
216(1)
Exercises
217(4)
7 Axial Compressors
221(44)
7.1 Compressor stage analysis
222(8)
7.1.1 Stage temperature and pressure rise
223(2)
7.1.2 Analysis of a repeating stage
225(5)
7.2 Design deflection
230(5)
7.2.1 Compressor performance map
234(1)
7.3 Radial equilibrium
235(7)
7.3.1 Modified free vortex velocity distribution
236(3)
7.3.2 Velocity distribution with zero-power exponent
239(1)
7.3.3 Velocity distribution with first-power exponent
240(2)
7.4 Diffusion factor
242(5)
7.4.1 Momentum thickness of a boundary layer
244(3)
7.5 Efficiency and losses
247(5)
7.5.1 Efficiency
247(3)
7.5.2 Parametric calculations
250(2)
7.6 Cascade aerodynamics
252(13)
7.6.1 Blade shapes and terms
252(1)
7.6.2 Blade forces
253(3)
7.6.3 Other losses
256(1)
7.6.4 Diffuser performance
257(1)
7.6.5 Flow deviation and incidence
257(2)
7.6.6 Multistage compressor
259(2)
7.6.7 Compressibility effects
261(1)
Exercises
262(3)
8 Centrifugal Compressors and Pumps
265(48)
8.1 Compressor analysis
266(8)
8.1.1 Slip factor
267(2)
8.1.2 Pressure ratio
269(5)
8.2 Inlet design
274(7)
8.2.1 Choking of the inducer
278(3)
8.3 Exit design
281(4)
8.3.1 Performance characteristics
281(2)
8.3.2 Diffusion ratio
283(1)
8.3.3 Blade height
284(1)
8.4 Vaneless diffuser
285(5)
8.5 Centrifugal pumps
290(12)
8.5.1 Specific speed and specific diameter
294(8)
8.6 Fans
302(1)
8.7 Cavitation
302(3)
8.8 Diffuser and volute design
305(8)
8.8.1 Vaneless diffuser
305(1)
8.8.2 Volute design
306(3)
Exercises
309(4)
9 Radial Inflow Turbines
313(46)
9.1 Turbine analysis
314(5)
9.2 Efficiency
319(4)
9.3 Specific speed and specific diameter
323(6)
9.4 Stator flow
329(8)
9.4.1 Loss coefficients for stator flow
333(4)
9.5 Design of the inlet of a radial inflow turbine
337(9)
9.5.1 Minimum inlet Mach number
338(5)
9.5.2 Blade stagnation Mach number
343(2)
9.5.3 Inlet relative Mach number
345(1)
9.6 Design of the Exit
346(13)
9.6.1 Minimum exit Mach number
346(2)
9.6.2 Radius ratio r3s/r2
348(2)
9.6.3 Blade height-to-radius ratio b2/r2
350(1)
9.6.4 Optimum incidence angle and the number of blades
351(5)
Exercises
356(3)
10 Hydraulic Turbines
359(26)
10.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants
359(2)
10.2 Hydraulic turbines and their specific speed
361(2)
10.3 Pelton wheel
363(7)
10.4 Francis turbine
370(7)
10.5 Kaplan turbine
377(3)
10.6 Cavitation
380(5)
Exercises
382(3)
11 Hydraulic Transmission of Power
385(16)
11.1 Fluid couplings
385(6)
11.1.1 Fundamental relations
386(2)
11.1.2 Flow rate and hydrodynamic losses
388(2)
11.1.3 Partially filled coupling
390(1)
11.2 Torque converters
391(10)
11.2.1 Fundamental relations
392(2)
11.2.2 Performance
394(4)
Exercises
398(3)
12 Wind turbines
401(30)
12.1 Horizontal-axis wind turbine
402(1)
12.2 Momentum and blade element theory of wind turbines
403(12)
12.2.1 Momentum Theory
403(4)
12.2.2 Ducted wind turbine
407(2)
12.2.3 Blade element theory and wake rotation
409(3)
12.2.4 Irrotational wake
412(3)
12.3 Blade Forces
415(14)
12.3.1 Nonrotating wake
415(4)
12.3.2 Wake with rotation
419(5)
12.3.3 Ideal wind turbine
424(1)
12.3.4 Prandtl's tip correction
425(4)
12.4 Turbomachinery and future prospects for energy
429(2)
Exercises
430(1)
Appendix A Streamline curvature and radial equilibrium
431(6)
A.1 Streamline curvature method
431(6)
A.1.1 Fundamental equations
431(4)
A.1.2 Formal solution
435(2)
Appendix B Thermodynamic Tables
437(12)
References 449(4)
Index 453
Seppo A. Korpela has taught in the mechanical engineering department of The Ohio State University since 1972. Over the years he has been engaged in research in thermal sciences and engineering. This work has resulted in over fifty journal publications. He has also been engaged in research and writing on the world's energy resources.