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Problem Solving: Perspectives from Cognition and Neuroscience 2nd edition [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 274 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 690 g, 14 Tables, black and white; 86 Line drawings, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Psychology Press Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1138889563
  • ISBN-13: 9781138889569
  • Formaat: Hardback, 274 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 690 g, 14 Tables, black and white; 86 Line drawings, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Psychology Press Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1138889563
  • ISBN-13: 9781138889569
The way that we assess and overcome problems is an essential part of everyday life. Problem Solving provides a clear introduction to the underlying mental processes involved in solving problems. Drawing on research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, it examines the methods and techniques used by both novices and experts in familiar and unfamiliar situations.

This edition has been comprehensively updated throughout, and now features cutting-edge content on creative problem solving, insight and neuroscience. Each chapter is written in an accessible way, and contains a range of student-friendly features such as activities, chapter summaries and further reading. The book also provides clear examples of studies and approaches that help the reader fully understand important and complex concepts in greater detail.

Problem Solving fully engages the reader with the difficulties and methodologies associated with problem solving. This book will be of great use to undergraduate students of cognitive psychology, education and neuroscience, as well as readers and professionals with an interest in problem solving.
Preface x
1 What is involved in problem solving
1(26)
What exactly is a problem?
1(4)
Where do problems come from?
5(1)
"Natural" and "unnatural" problems
6(1)
What's involved in solving problems?
7(1)
Approaches to the study of problem solving
8(9)
Categorising problems
17(7)
Summary
24(1)
References
25(2)
2 Problem representation
27(28)
Representations and processes
29(4)
Analysing well-defined problems
33(7)
The interaction of the problem solver and the task environment
40(2)
Heuristic search strategies
42(10)
Summary
52(1)
References
53(2)
3 Transfer
55(37)
Negative transfer -- mental set
58(2)
Mechanisms of knowledge transfer
60(1)
Transfer in well-defined problems
61(5)
Studies of analogical problem solving
66(2)
Cognitive processes in analogical problem solving
68(2)
Types of similarity
70(8)
When relational structures are ignored
78(9)
Summary
87(1)
References
88(4)
4 Worked examples and instructional design
92(34)
Difficulties facing textbook writers
93(3)
The role of examples in textbooks
96(7)
The processes involved in textbook problem solving
103(5)
Understanding problems revisited
108(1)
Approaches to the design of instruction
109(9)
Conclusion
118(1)
Summary
119(1)
References
120(6)
5 Developing skill
126(26)
Induction
127(8)
Schema development and the effects of automatisation
135(1)
Cognitive architectures
136(10)
Potential criticisms of cognitive models
146(2)
Summary
148(1)
References
149(3)
6 Developing expertise
152(24)
Stage models of expertise
152(4)
The intermediate effect
156(2)
What distinguishes experts and novices
158(1)
Are experts smarter? Are there differences in abilities?
159(2)
Is expertise due to talent or deliberate practice?
161(1)
Does expertise cross domains?
162(1)
Cognitive processes in expertise
163(3)
Flexibility in thinking
166(3)
Some potential side effects of expertise ...
169(1)
Summary
169(2)
References
171(5)
7 Insight
176(32)
Insight problems
176(1)
Gestalt accounts of problem solving
177(7)
Information processing approaches to insight
184(2)
Classifying insight problems
186(4)
Insight as something special
190(1)
Insight as "business as usual"
191(4)
Representational change theory (redistribution theory)
195(6)
Summary
201(4)
References
205(3)
8 Creative problem solving
208(17)
Breaking free of self-imposed constraints
209(2)
Creative individuals
211(4)
Theories of creativity: generation, evaluation and selection
215(2)
CoRT
217(1)
Synectics
218(1)
Creative Problem Solving (CPS) -- Osborn--Parnes
219(1)
Summary
220(1)
References
221(4)
9 The neuroscience of problem solving
225(28)
Methods used in studying brain functions
225(3)
Arithmetic in the brain
228(4)
Stages in problem solving
232(2)
Neurological processes in analogical reasoning
234(5)
Neurocomputational models
239(4)
Designing instruction -- what can studies of the brain tell us?
243(2)
Neurological aspects of insight and creativity
245(2)
Summary
247(1)
References
248(5)
10 Conclusion
253(10)
Problems, problems
253(7)
References
260(3)
Index 263
S. Ian Robertson is former head of psychology at the University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom