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Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering 1st ed. 2016 [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 523 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 9339 g, 426 Illustrations, color; 72 Illustrations, black and white; XVIII, 523 p. 498 illus., 426 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Dec-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319148117
  • ISBN-13: 9783319148113
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Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering 1st ed. 2016Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 523 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 9339 g, 426 Illustrations, color; 72 Illustrations, black and white; XVIII, 523 p. 498 illus., 426 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Dec-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319148117
  • ISBN-13: 9783319148113
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783319148113.html
Märksõnad:
This textbook illustrates and explains the power of process simulation for the analysis of chemical processes and for the conceptual design of unit operations. In recent years, the evolution of informatics tools has opened a broad spectrum of possibilities in the use of applications for process integration, dynamic analysis, costs evaluation and conceptual design of separation and reaction operations. This book discusses the importance of process simulation for process safety, green engineering, economic profitability, and other areas. This textbook will have worked examples and proposed exercises at the end of each chapter. The solutions manual for the exercises will be available to instructors. The authors, having thoroughly tested this material in the classroom, first introduce the fundamentals of process simulation in steady state, and then discuss process simulation in the context of various important principles of chemical engineering. Practical examples abound and make this book relevant also for industrial practitioners. The book closes with optimization, dynamic analysis of processes, and case studies.
1 Process Simulation in Chemical Engineering 1(52)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Chemical Process Simulators
2(1)
1.3 Types of Process Simulators
3(5)
1.3.1 Sequential Modular Simulators
4(1)
1.3.2 Simultaneous or Equation Oriented Simulators
5(1)
1.3.3 Hybrid Simulators
6(1)
1.3.4 Aspen Plus® and Aspen Hysys®
7(1)
1.4 Applications of Process Simulation
8(2)
1.4.1 Computer-Aided Design
8(1)
1.4.2 Process Optimization
9(1)
1.4.3 Solution of Operating Problems
9(1)
1.4.4 Other Applications
9(1)
1.5 Convergence Analysis
10(10)
1.5.1 Convergence Methods
10(6)
1.5.2 Problems with Simple Recycles
16(1)
1.5.3 Partitioning and Topological Analysis
17(1)
1.5.4 Nested Recycles
18(2)
1.6 Introductory Example
20(18)
1.6.1 Problem Description
20(1)
1.6.2 Simulation Using Aspen HYSYS®
20(5)
1.6.3 Simulation Using Aspen Plus®
25(13)
1.7 Sensitivity Analysis
38(7)
1.7.1 Sensitivity Analysis in Aspen Plus®
38(5)
1.7.2 Sensitivity Analysis in Aspen HYSYS®
43(2)
1.8 Design Specifications
45(2)
1.9 Summary
47(1)
1.10 Problems
47(3)
References
50(3)
2 Thermodynamic and Property Models 53(50)
2.1 Introduction
53(1)
2.2 Ideal Model
54(1)
2.3 Equations of State
54(3)
2.3.1 Redlich—Kwong
54(1)
2.3.2 Soave—Redlich—Kwong
55(1)
2.3.3 Peng—Robinson
56(1)
2.4 Activity Coefficient Models
57(5)
2.4.1 Van Laar Model
57(1)
2.4.2 Wilson Model
58(1)
2.4.3 NRTL (Nonrandom Two Liquids)
59(1)
2.4.4 UNIQUAC
59(2)
2.4.5 UNIFAC
61(1)
2.5 Special Models
62(6)
2.5.1 Polymeric Systems
62(1)
2.5.2 Electrolytic System
63(5)
2.6 Integration of the Activity Models with Equations of the State
68(1)
2.7 Selection of Thermodynamic Model
68(8)
2.7.1 Selection of the Property Model
70(3)
2.7.2 Selection of the Properties Model
73(1)
2.7.3 Validate the Physical Properties
73(1)
2.7.4 Describe Additional Components to the Database
74(1)
2.7.5 Obtain and Use Experimental Data
75(1)
2.8 Example of Property Model Selection
76(5)
2.9 Example of Phase Diagram
81(7)
2.9.1 Simulation in Aspen HYSYS®
82(4)
2.9.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
86(1)
2.9.3 Results Comparison
87(1)
2.10 Example of Parameter Adjustment
88(5)
2.10.1 Example Using an Activity Coefficient Model
88(3)
2.10.2 Example Using an Equation of State
91(2)
2.10.3 Comparison and Results Analysis
93(1)
2.11 Hypothetical Components
93(5)
2.11.1 Usage in Aspen HYSYS®
93(4)
2.11.2 Usage in Aspen Plus®
97(1)
2.12 Summary
98(2)
2.13 Problems
100(1)
References
101(2)
3 Fluid Handling Equipment 103(36)
3.1 Introduction
103(1)
3.2 General Aspects
103(9)
3.2.1 Background
104(2)
3.2.2 Piping
106(4)
3.2.3 Pumps
110(1)
3.2.4 Compressors and Expanders
111(1)
3.3 Modules Available in Aspen Plus®
112(1)
3.4 Modules Available in Aspen HYSYS®
113(1)
3.5 Gas Handling Introductory Example
114(16)
3.5.1 Problem Description
114(1)
3.5.2 Simulation in Aspen HYSYS®
115(12)
3.5.3 Results Analysis
127(3)
3.6 Liquid Handling Introductory Example
130(6)
3.6.1 Problem Description
130(1)
3.6.2 Process Simulation
130(5)
3.6.3 Results Analysis
135(1)
3.7 Summary
136(1)
3.8 Problems
136(1)
References
137(2)
4 Heat Exchange Equipment and Heat Integration 139(56)
4.1 Introduction
139(1)
4.2 Types of Programs Available
139(1)
4.3 General Aspects
140(11)
4.3.1 Shortcut Calculation
141(1)
4.3.2 Rigorous Calculation
142(7)
4.3.3 Calculation Models
149(2)
4.4 Modules Available in Aspen Plus®
151(1)
4.5 Modules Available in Aspen HYSYS®
151(4)
4.5.1 Thermodynamic Heat Exchangers
151(4)
4.6 Introductory Example
155(20)
4.6.1 Problem Description
155(1)
4.6.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
156(1)
4.6.3 Simulation in Aspen HYSYS®
156(8)
4.6.4 Simulation in Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating®
164(7)
4.6.5 Results Analysis
171(4)
4.7 Process Heat Integration
175(13)
4.7.1 Introduction
175(1)
4.7.2 Theoretical principles
176(5)
4.7.3 Aspen Energy Analyzer
181(7)
4.8 Summary
188(1)
4.9 Problems
189(3)
References
192(3)
5 Chemical Reactors 195(46)
5.1 Introduction
195(1)
5.2 General Aspects
195(4)
5.2.1 Chemical Reaction
196(1)
5.2.2 Stoichiometry
196(1)
5.2.3 Conversion
196(1)
5.2.4 Selectivity
197(1)
5.2.5 Reaction Kinetics
197(1)
5.2.6 Kinetic of Heterogeneous Reactions
198(1)
5.3 Equations for Reactor Design
199(1)
5.3.1 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
199(1)
5.3.2 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR or PBR)
199(1)
5.3.3 Batch Reactor (Batch)
200(1)
5.4 Modules Available in Aspen Plus®
200(1)
5.5 Available Modules in ASPEN HYSYS®
201(1)
5.6 Introductory Example of Reactors
201(19)
5.6.1 Problem Description
201(10)
5.6.2 Simulation in Aspen Hysys®
211(6)
5.6.3 Results Analysis
217(3)
5.7 Propylene Glycol Reactor Example
220(5)
5.7.1 General Aspects
220(1)
5.7.2 Process Simulation in Aspen Plus®
221(3)
5.7.3 Results Analysis
224(1)
5.8 Methanol Reforming Reactor
225(11)
5.8.1 Problem Description
225(1)
5.8.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
226(6)
5.8.3 Simulation in Aspen Hysys®
232(4)
5.8.4 Analysis and Results Comparison
236(1)
5.9 Summary
236(1)
5.10 Problems
236(4)
References
240(1)
6 Gas—Liquid Separation Operations 241(102)
6.1 Introduction
241(1)
6.2 Available Modules in Aspen Plus®
242(9)
6.2.1 Shortcut Methods
242(2)
6.2.2 Rigorous Methods
244(7)
6.3 Modules Available in Aspen Hysys®
251(2)
6.3.1 Predefined Columns
252(1)
6.3.2 Shortcut Calculation Model
252(1)
6.3.3 Column Interface
253(1)
6.4 Distillation Introductory Example
253(19)
6.4.1 Problem Description
253(2)
6.4.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
255(5)
6.4.3 Simulation in Aspen Hysys®
260(8)
6.4.4 Results Analysis and Comparison
268(4)
6.5 Absorption Introductory Example
272(3)
6.5.1 Problem Description
272(1)
6.5.2 Process Simulation
272(3)
6.6 Enhanced Distillation
275(26)
6.6.1 Residue Curves Map
277(14)
6.6.2 Extractive Distillation
291(10)
6.7 Nonequilibrium Models
301(24)
6.7.1 Nonequilibrium Model Example
310(15)
6.8 Columns Thermal and Hydraulic Analysis
325(12)
6.8.1 Thermal Analysis
326(2)
6.8.2 Hydraulic Analysis
328(1)
6.8.3 Application Exercise
328(9)
6.9 Summary
337(1)
6.10 Problems
338(2)
References
340(3)
7 Process Optimization in Chemical Engineering 343(28)
7.1 Introduction
343(1)
7.2 Formulation of Optimization Problem
344(4)
7.2.1 Degrees of Freedom
344(1)
7.2.2 Objective Function
345(1)
7.2.3 Classification of Optimization Problems
346(2)
7.3 Optimization in Sequential Simulators
348(2)
7.3.1 General Aspects
349(1)
7.4 Introductory Example
350(16)
7.4.1 Aspen Plus® Simulation
351(12)
7.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis
363(2)
7.4.3 Results
365(1)
7.5 Summary
366(1)
7.6 Problems
366(2)
References
368(3)
8 Dynamic Process Analysis 371(54)
8.1 Introduction
371(1)
8.2 General Aspects
371(8)
8.2.1 Process Control
373(2)
8.2.2 Controllers
375(4)
8.3 Introductory Example
379(6)
8.3.1 Dynamic State Simulation
380(5)
8.4 Gasoline Blending
385(15)
8.4.1 Steady State Simulation
385(10)
8.4.2 Dynamic State Simulation
395(1)
8.4.3 Disturbances
395(3)
8.4.4 Recommendations
398(2)
8.5 Pressure Relief Valves
400(6)
8.5.1 General Aspects
400(1)
8.5.2 Application Example
400(2)
8.5.3 Dynamic State Simulation
402(4)
8.6 Control of the Propylene Glycol Reactor
406(8)
8.7 Control of Distillation Columns
414(6)
8.7.1 General Aspects
414(1)
8.7.2 Distillation Column Example
415(5)
8.8 Summary
420(3)
8.9 Problems
423(1)
References
424(1)
9 Solids Operations in Process Simulators 425(22)
9.1 Introduction
425(1)
9.2 General Aspects
425(7)
9.2.1 Separation or Classification
426(3)
9.2.2 Comminution
429(2)
9.2.3 Filtration
431(1)
9.2.4 Crystallization
432(1)
9.2.5 Particle Size Distribution Meshes
432(1)
9.3 Modules in Aspen Plus®
432(1)
9.4 Modules in Aspen HYSYS®
432(2)
9.5 Crusher Introductory Example
434(6)
9.5.1 General Aspects
434(1)
9.5.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
434(6)
9.5.3 Results Analysis
440(1)
9.6 Solids Handling Example
440(5)
9.6.1 General Aspects
440(1)
9.6.2 Simulation in Aspen Plus®
440(4)
9.6.3 Results Analysis
444(1)
9.7 Summary
445(1)
References
446(1)
10 Case Studies 447(68)
10.1 Introduction
447(1)
10.2 Simulation of Nylon 6,6 Resin Reactor
447(15)
10.2.1 Problem Description
447(2)
10.2.2 Polymerization Reaction Kinetics
449(6)
10.2.3 Continuous Production
455(2)
10.2.4 Batch Production
457(3)
10.2.5 Results Comparison
460(2)
10.3 Azeotropic Distillation of Water—Ethanol Mixture Using Cyclohexane as Entrainer
462(15)
10.3.1 General Aspects
462(1)
10.3.2 Process Simulation
463(12)
10.3.3 Convergence Recommendations
475(2)
10.4 Ethylene Oxide Production
477(10)
10.4.1 Process Description
477(2)
10.4.2 Aspen HYSYS Simulation
479(8)
10.5 Economic Evaluation Using Aspen Icarus®
487(25)
10.5.1 General Aspects
487(3)
10.5.2 Simplifications
490(1)
10.5.3 Aspen Icarus® Simulation
491(18)
10.5.4 Results Analysis
509(3)
References
512(3)
Index 515
Iván Darío Gil Chaves

Dr. Gil is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at National University of Colombia Sede Bogotá. He received B.S. and MSc degrees from National University of Colombia. He obtained his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at University of Lorraine (France) and National University of Colombia (under joint supervision). Gil has participated in some industrial projects in the area of process design and control; mainly he has collaborated with representatives of Aspen Technology in Colombia in advanced process control applications. He was also instructor at Andes University in Colombia. Currently, he teaches university courses in modeling and simulation, process control, reaction engineering and process design. In addition, he presents some short courses in advanced process control and process synthesis and optimization. Dr. Gil is co-author of several publications in peer review journals on process design and control. His research interests include biofuels, with emphasis on fuel ethanol and the use of extractive distillation to dehydrate mixtures ethanol-water; modeling, simulation and control of reaction and separation operations; nonlinear geometric control and vapor liquid equilibrium.

 

Javier Ricardo Guevara López

Javier Guevara holds a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering from National University of Colombia. He is a process engineer with experience developing Conce









ptual, Basic and Detailed engineering for oil & gas industry. Guevara works as process engineer in Y&V - Bohorquez Ingeniería SAS in Colombia. His interests include process design, process simulation, gas processing, relief systems, and upgrading of gas plants.

 

José Luis García Zapata

Garcia Zapata is a Researcher with the Heavy Oil and Oilsands group at Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF) in Edmonton, Canada. He holds B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Chemical Engineering from the National University of Colombia (2010) and the University of Alberta (2013), respectively. García has worked as a Process Engineer for BRINSA S.A., a salt and chlor-alkali Company in Colombia, and has been responsible for the design and commissioning of pilot scale reactors for heavy oil upgrading at the University of Alberta. His interests include process design, pilot plant, produced water treatment, and upgrading of heavy oil. He is registered as an Engineer-in-Training in Alberta.

 

Alexander Leguizamón Robayo

Alexander Leguizamón is a graduate student at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He holds a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering from National University of Colombia and is currently carrying out his master in Chemical Engineering at NTNU. Alexander has worked in distillation process design and simulation. He carried out a design project of a formaldehyde plant with Dynea in Lillestrøm, Norway. He is currently

studyi

ng

with the process systems engineering group at NTNU and working on a plantwide process control project for sweetening of syngas for the Swedish chemical company Perstorp.

 

Gerardo Rodríguez Niño

Dr. Rodríguez is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at National University of Colombia Sede Bogotá since 1988. He teaches Mass Transfer Operations, Material Balances, Chemical Engineering Laboratory courses in the area of Unit Operations. He obtained B.S., MSc and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from National University of Colombia. He was the chief of the chemical engineering laboratories during 5 years, and in charge of coordinating the laboratory essays for the industrial applications. He has participated in different projects for enterprises such as Preflex, Vaselinas de Colombia S.A, Coljap, Cyquim de Colombia, Carboquímica S.A, Epsa and Alcalis de Colombia. In the last years he has developed research projects in Ethanol dehydration by extractive distillation with ethylene-glycol and glycerine for the production of fuel alcohol, and in the study of the usages of fusel oil generated in Ethanol production. His research interests include distillation design, esterification, catalysis and essential oils production.