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Profiling Death. Neo-Elamite Mortuary Practices, Afterlife Beliefs, and Entanglements with Ancestors [Kõva köide]

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Recent scholarship has begun to unveil the culturally rich and dynamic landscape of southwest Iran during the first half of the first millennium BCE (aka the Neo-Elamite period) and its significance as the incubation ground for the Persian Empire. In Profiling Death. Neo-Elamite Mortuary Practices, Afterlife Beliefs, and Entanglements with Ancestors, Yasmina Wicks continues the investigation of this critical epoch from the perspective of the mortuary record, bringing forth fascinating clues as to the ritual practices, beliefs, social structures and individual identities of Elams lowland and highland inhabitants. Enmeshed with its neighbours, yet in many ways culturally distinct, Elam receives its due treatment here as a core component of the ancient Near East.





This is an important contribution to the study of Neo-Elamite culture. -Lester L. Grabbe, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44.5 (2020)

Arvustused

This is an important contribution to the study of Neo-Elamite culture.

- Lester L. Grabbe, in Society for Old Testament Study Book List 2020

Preface and Acknowledgements xi
List of Illustrations
xiii
Abbreviations xix
Alas, Short is the Joy of Life! Why Study Elamite Mortuary Practices? xx
PART 1 The Backdrop: Elam in the First Millennium
1 Neo-Elamite Geography, Chronology, History, and the Textual and Iconographic Evidence Used in this Book
3(30)
1.1 Geography
3(4)
1.2 Chronology
7(5)
1.2.1 The Lowlands
8(2)
1.2.2 The Highlands
10(2)
1.3 Textual Evidence
12(5)
1.4 Iconographic Evidence
17(3)
1.5 Historical Overview
20(13)
1.5.1 The Elam, Assyria and Babylonia Triangle
21(4)
1.5.2 The Last Years of Elam: Elam and Babylonia
25(3)
1.5.3 Comments on the Political Landscape
28(5)
PART 2 The Mortuary Evidence
2 The Burial Evidence
33(18)
2.1 Lowlands
35(10)
2.1.1 Susa
35(1)
2.1.1.1 Apadana
36(4)
2.1.1.2 Ville Royale
40(5)
2.1.2 Chogha Zanbil
45(1)
2.2 Foothills
45(4)
2.2.1 Karkhai
45(1)
2.2.2 Kalantar
45(1)
2.2.3 Tall-eGazir
46(1)
2.2.4 Jubaji
46(2)
2.2.5 Arjan
48(1)
2.3 Highlands
49(2)
2.3.1 Lama
49(1)
2.3.2 Malyan
50(1)
3 Burial Location, Typology, Orientation and Body Arrangement
51(19)
3.1 Location
51(3)
3.2 Typology
54(10)
3.2.1 Pit
55(1)
3.2.2 Amphorae-Lined Pit
55(1)
3.2.3 Brick
56(1)
3.2.4 Single Pot
56(1)
3.2.5 Double Pot
57(1)
3.2.6 Jar
57(1)
3.2.7 Mudbrick Vaulted Tomb
58(3)
3.2.8 Stone-Lined, Gabled-Roof Tomb
61(1)
3.2.9 Stone-Lined, Slab-Roofed Tomb
61(1)
3.2.10 Bronze "Bathtub" Coffin in a Stone-Built Tomb
61(2)
3.2.11 Geographical and Chronological Notes on Typology
63(1)
3.3 Orientation
64(3)
3.4 Body Arrangement
67(3)
4 The Assemblages
70(75)
4.1 The Skeleton
71(1)
4.2 Costume
72(23)
4.2.1 Clothing
72(1)
4.2.1.1 Textiles and Textile Decoration
72(2)
4.2.1.2 Garment Fasteners: Belts and Pins
74(3)
4.2.1.3 Visualising Neo-Elamite Clothing
77(3)
4.2.2 Jewellery
80(1)
4.2.2.1 Jewellery in Neo-Elamite Funerary Contexts
80(3)
4.2.2.2 Non-funerary Evidence for Jewellery
83(2)
4.2.2.3 A Word on the Special Value of Eyestones
85(1)
4.2.3 Seals
86(1)
4.2.4 Grooming Utensils and Finishing Touches
87(2)
4.2.5 Weapons
89(4)
4.2.6 Ceremonial(?) "Rings"
93(2)
4.3 Grave Goods: Equipping the Dead
95(50)
4.3.1 Vessels, Implements and Food Offerings
95(1)
4.3.1.1 Vessel Categories
95(11)
4.3.1.2 Vessel Assemblages: Types and Distribution
106(20)
4.3.1.3 Vessels as Evidence for Ritual in Graves
126(4)
4.3.1.4 The Menu of the Dead: Food Remains in Graves
130(3)
4.3.2 Fire Ritual Utensils
133(1)
4.3.2.1 Lamps
133(2)
4.3.2.2 Candelabra
135(2)
4.3.3 Human Representations
137(8)
PART 3 Neo-Elamite Social Identities: Portraits in Graves
5 Social Identity in the Mortuary Record
145(24)
5.1 Economic Status
145(4)
5.2 Gender
149(7)
5.2.1 Elamite Women in Life
149(2)
5.2.2 Construction of Female Identity in the Neo-Elamite Mortuary Record
151(1)
5.2.3 Construction of Male Identity in the Neo-Elamite Mortuary Record
152(1)
5.2.4 Neither Male nor Female? Transcending the Male/Female Dichotomy
153(1)
5.2.5 Gender and Non-Costume Grave Goods
154(1)
5.2.6 Further Comments
154(2)
5.3 Childhood
156(4)
5.4 Individual and Family Identity: Naming the Dead?
160(2)
5.5 Occupational Identity
162(1)
5.6 Ceremonial Status and Notes on Two "Princesses" and a "Princely" Grave
163(6)
PART 4 Combining Archaeology and Text: Death, Afterlife and the Neo-Elamite Funeral
6 "Alas, Short is the Joy of Life": Death and the Afterlife through an Elamite Lens
169(21)
6.1 Down to the House of Darkness: the Realm of the Dead
172(2)
6.2 Close Encounters with the Netherworld Powers that Be
174(2)
6.3 A Weighing and Judgement
176(1)
6.4 When I Am Dead You Will Make the kispu for Me
177(7)
6.5 Temple Institutions and Funerary Cult?
184(6)
7 Imagining the Neo-Elamite Funeral from Archaeology and Texts
190(19)
7.1 A Ceremonial Farewell in the Lowlands and Foothills
190(17)
7.1.1 Choosing a Location
191(1)
7.1.2 Preparation of a Burial Site and Burial Container
192(1)
7.1.3 Preparation of the Body
193(1)
7.1.4 Dressing up the Dead
194(4)
7.1.5 A Funeral Banquet
198(1)
7.1.6 A Burial Ceremony
198(5)
7.1.7 Mourning
203(1)
7.1.8 Keeping up Relations
204(3)
7.2 A Highland Funeral
207(2)
Concluding Note: the Neo-Elamite Period at the Juncture of Old and New 209(9)
Appendix 1 Table of Neo-Elamite Burials 218(36)
Bibliography 254(30)
List of Plates 284(85)
Index 369
Yasmina Wicks, PhD (2017), is a researcher at the University of Sydney. She has authored a monograph on 8th-6th Century BCE Babylonian, Assyrian and Elamite Bronze Bathtub Coffins (Archaeopress, 2015) and several articles on first millennium Elam.