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xiii | |
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xvii | |
About the author |
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xix | |
Preface to the first edition |
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xxi | |
Preface to the second edition |
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xxiii | |
Online resources |
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xxvi | |
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PART I LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS FOR ANALYSIS |
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1 | (122) |
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1 Thinking and working qualitatively |
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5 | (22) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1 Thinking qualitatively |
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6 | (4) |
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1.2 Qualitative methodologies (and methods) |
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10 | (4) |
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1.3 Working qualitatively: pathways through analysis |
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14 | (6) |
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1.4 Working qualitatively: using software |
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20 | (2) |
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1.5 Working qualitatively: implications for analysis |
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22 | (3) |
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1.6 Writing about working qualitatively |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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2 Foundations for thinking and working qualitatively |
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27 | (28) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.1 Making the implicit explicit |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 Ontological and epistemological perspectives |
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29 | (2) |
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2.3 Inquiry paradigms used by qualitative researchers |
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31 | (11) |
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2.4 Epistemologically informed methods? |
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42 | (2) |
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2.5 Logic and argument: pathways to drawing inferences |
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44 | (5) |
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2.6 Applying deterministic, probabilistic, and mechanistic logic in inferring causation |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.8 Writing about foundations |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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3 Design that supports analysis |
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55 | (36) |
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56 | (1) |
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3.1 Design: giving form to ideas |
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56 | (3) |
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3.2 Focusing the study: what do you want to achieve? |
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59 | (14) |
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3.3 Developing research questions |
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73 | (1) |
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3.4 Design for data that can be analysed |
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74 | (6) |
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3.5 Relationships with participants |
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80 | (3) |
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3.6 Design for quality and credibility of conclusions |
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83 | (2) |
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3.7 Concluding comments: a cohesive design? |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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4 Managing and preparing data for analysis |
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91 | (32) |
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92 | (1) |
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4.1 Before data collection |
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92 | (1) |
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4.2 Keeping organised, accessible, and useful data records |
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93 | (3) |
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4.3 Recording and preparing data for analysis |
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96 | (15) |
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4.4 The importance of context |
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111 | (3) |
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4.5 Recording sample details for analysis |
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114 | (6) |
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4.6 Checks and balances for data sources |
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120 | (1) |
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4.7 Managing relationships in the research team |
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121 | (1) |
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4.8 Writing about data management |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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PART II FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYSIS: WORKING WITH DATA |
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123 | (268) |
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How I use the terms code, category, and concept |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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5 Read, reflect, and connect: initial explorations of data |
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127 | (28) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.2 Write as you read or review |
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129 | (5) |
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5.3 Purposeful play: preliminary explorations of each data source |
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134 | (15) |
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149 | (2) |
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5.5 Involving participants in early analysis |
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151 | (1) |
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5.6 Refocus, ready for the next phase |
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151 | (2) |
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5.7 Writing about preliminary analysis |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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6 Coding as an analytic strategy |
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155 | (36) |
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156 | (1) |
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6.1 Using codes to work with data |
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156 | (6) |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (3) |
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6.4 Coding to capture substance and meaning |
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168 | (15) |
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6.5 Issues of validity and reliability in coding |
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183 | (6) |
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189 | (1) |
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6.7 Writing about coding processes |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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7 Tools to manage the coding process |
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191 | (40) |
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192 | (1) |
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7.1 Preparing for the task of coding |
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192 | (3) |
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7.2 Pencil-and-paper strategies for coding |
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195 | (4) |
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7.3 Interactive coding with qualitative software |
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199 | (7) |
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7.4 Developing a coding system |
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206 | (8) |
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214 | (2) |
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7.6 Machine coding of text content - promise or poison? |
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216 | (10) |
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7.7 Managing the process of coding |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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8 Codes, themes, and descriptive writing |
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231 | (30) |
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232 | (1) |
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8.1 Describing coded categories and concepts as an analytic step |
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232 | (5) |
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8.2 Combining, connecting, and focusing codes |
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237 | (8) |
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8.3 Theming participant experience: lessons from phenomenology |
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245 | (3) |
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8.4 Writing descriptively to build on codes and themes |
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248 | (11) |
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259 | (1) |
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8.6 Writing about your use of code or theme-based/descriptive methods |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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9 Working with cases to build understanding and explanation |
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261 | (36) |
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262 | (1) |
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9.1 Strategies for learning from cases |
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262 | (11) |
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9.2 Comparing and relating cases |
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273 | (11) |
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9.3 Building explanatory theory - one case at a time |
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284 | (10) |
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294 | (1) |
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9.5 Writing about your use of case-based methods |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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10 Learning from stories, accounts, and conversations |
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297 | (34) |
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298 | (1) |
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10.1 Learning from stories and accounts |
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298 | (5) |
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10.2 Components of stories and accounts |
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303 | (7) |
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10.3 Participant narratives - making meaning of experience |
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310 | (5) |
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10.4 Deconstructing the storyline |
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315 | (1) |
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10.5 Tracing causation through narrative |
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316 | (3) |
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10.6 Learning from discourse: the intersubjective space |
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319 | (6) |
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10.7 Interaction in focus group data |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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10.9 Writing about your use of narrative and discourse methods |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (38) |
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332 | (1) |
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11.1 The nature of visual data |
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332 | (1) |
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11.2 Using visual data sources in qualitative research |
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333 | (5) |
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11.3 Approaches to the analysis of visual data |
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338 | (1) |
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11.4 Documenting production and `biography' |
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338 | (1) |
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11.5 Describing the visual image |
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339 | (9) |
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11.6 Interpreting image content |
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348 | (4) |
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11.7 Contributions from linguistic methodologies |
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352 | (5) |
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357 | (2) |
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11.9 Analysing video and film |
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359 | (5) |
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11.10 Computer technology and visual analysis |
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364 | (1) |
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11.11 Concluding comments |
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365 | (1) |
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11.12 Writing about visual analysis |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (3) |
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12 Comparative analyses using coded data |
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369 | (22) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (3) |
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12.2 Tools for comparative analyses |
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373 | (7) |
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12.3 Exploring when, how, or for whom experience varies |
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380 | (8) |
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12.4 Final reflection: comparison as a means rather than an end |
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388 | (1) |
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12.5 Writing about comparisons |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (2) |
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PART III RECONSTRUCTION, CONNECTION, AND COHERENCE |
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391 | (126) |
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13 Exploring, seeing, and investigating connections in data |
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393 | (40) |
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394 | (1) |
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13.1 Build on foundational work |
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394 | (2) |
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13.2 Write your way to deeper awareness |
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396 | (3) |
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13.3 Draw to spark ideas about relationships |
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399 | (11) |
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13.4 Interrogate your coding system |
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410 | (15) |
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13.5 Build explanatory theory |
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425 | (5) |
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430 | (1) |
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13.7 Writing about exploring and testing relationships in data |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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14 Elaborating concepts, developing theory |
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433 | (26) |
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434 | (1) |
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14.1 Elaborating and theorising concepts |
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434 | (12) |
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14.2 From concepts to theory |
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446 | (9) |
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455 | (1) |
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14.4 Writing about concepts and theory development |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (3) |
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15 Realising coherent understanding |
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459 | (32) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (3) |
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15.2 `Aha!' - or slowly dawning realisation? |
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463 | (4) |
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15.3 Shapes of coherence: what might yours look like? |
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467 | (17) |
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15.4 Making warranted assertions |
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484 | (3) |
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15.5 In conclusion: tips and tricks for bringing it together |
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487 | (2) |
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15.6 Writing about results and conclusions |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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16 Defending and extending: issues of quality and significance |
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491 | (26) |
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492 | (1) |
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16.1 Quality in qualitative research |
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492 | (9) |
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16.2 Generalisation and transferability |
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501 | (2) |
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16.3 Theoretical extension |
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503 | (5) |
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16.4 Audiences and representation |
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508 | (6) |
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514 | (1) |
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16.6 Writing about quality and significance |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (2) |
Appendix: Data samples |
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517 | (10) |
References |
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527 | (20) |
Index |
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547 | |