General preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xii | |
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1 Introducing questions and answers |
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1 | (23) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 What do questions mean? |
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5 | (12) |
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1.2.1 The syntax--semantics map |
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5 | (6) |
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1.2.2 Question--answer congruence |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (3) |
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1.3 Must wh expressions move? |
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17 | (4) |
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1.3.1 Doing without wh movement |
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17 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Delimiting syntactic discussion |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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2 A Theory of Questions and Answers |
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24 | (33) |
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25 | (12) |
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2.1.1 Questions as sets of propositions |
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25 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Questions as sets of true propositions |
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26 | (4) |
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2.1.3 Questions as partitions |
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30 | (4) |
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2.1.4 Advantages of questions as partitions |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Exhaustiveness and Ans-H |
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37 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Truth and Ans-DPREUM |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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2.3 Maximality in question-answer paradigms |
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44 | (9) |
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2.3.1 Number in wh expressions |
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44 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Maximality in wh expressions |
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45 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Maximality and Ans-D |
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47 | (4) |
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2.3.4 Existential presupposition and Ans-D |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (4) |
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3 Exhaustive and non-exhaustive answers |
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57 | (36) |
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3.1 The weak-strong distinction in exhaustive answers |
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58 | (13) |
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3.1.1 The agent, the speaker, and the question under embedding |
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58 | (4) |
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3.1.2 The addressee and the question posed |
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62 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Domain certainty and complementation |
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65 | (3) |
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3.1.4 Alternative routes to exhaustiveness |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.2 Non-exhaustive answers |
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71 | (11) |
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3.2.1 The tourist and the entrepreneur |
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72 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Mono-morphemic vs. complex wh phrases |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (2) |
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3.2.4 Theoretical implications |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.3 Selecting for weak, strong, or non-exhaustiveness |
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82 | (9) |
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3.3.1 Embedding predicates |
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82 | (4) |
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3.3.2 NPI licensing and exhaustiveness |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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3.4 Exhaustiveness in the baseline theory |
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91 | (2) |
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4 Single-pair, pair-list, and functional answers |
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93 | (35) |
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4.1 Pair-list and functional answers |
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94 | (7) |
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4.1.1 Lists and multiple constituent questions |
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94 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Lists and questions with quantifiers |
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97 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Lists and questions with plural definites |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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4.2 The function-based approach to pair-list answers |
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101 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Quantifying over Skolem functions |
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102 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Incorporating structural sensitivity |
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104 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Tapping into witness sets |
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106 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Questions with indefinites |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.3 Functionality in pair-list answers |
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112 | (8) |
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4.3.1 Functionality through functional absorption |
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112 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Higher order echo questions |
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115 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Functionality through higher order questions |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (6) |
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4.4.1 The proper place of lifted questions |
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120 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Presuppositionality and lists |
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122 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Quantifying into question acts |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.5 Functions and lists in the baseline theory |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (43) |
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5.1 Close kin of interrogatives |
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129 | (7) |
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5.1.1 Free relatives and interrogatives |
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129 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Exclamatives and interrogatives |
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132 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Concealed questions and interrogatives |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (11) |
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5.2.1 C-selection and s-selection |
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136 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Selecting between +wh complements |
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139 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Selecting +/-wh complements |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (9) |
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5.3.1 Definite concealed questions |
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148 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Quantified concealed questions |
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151 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Concealed questions under covers |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (1) |
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5.4 Quantificational Variability Effects |
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156 | (12) |
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5.4.1 Quantifying over propositions |
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156 | (4) |
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5.4.2 Quantifying over subquestions |
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160 | (3) |
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5.4.3 Propositional conjunction algebras |
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163 | (5) |
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168 | (1) |
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5.5 Embedding indirect and concealed questions |
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168 | (3) |
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6 Weak islands and extraction |
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171 | (28) |
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6.1 Weak islands, referentiality, and D-linking |
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172 | (5) |
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172 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Referentiality and D-linking |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (1) |
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6.2 Alternatives to Relativized Minimality |
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177 | (8) |
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6.2.1 Weak islands through quantificational domains |
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178 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Weak islands through maximality |
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180 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Weak islands through presuppositions |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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6.3 Maximal informativity and modal obviation |
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185 | (12) |
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6.3.1 Negative islands, degree questions, and dense scales |
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185 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Negative islands, degree questions, and interval semantics |
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188 | (3) |
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6.3.3 Wh islands and degree questions |
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191 | (3) |
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6.3.4 Weak islands and manner questions |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (36) |
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200 | (13) |
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7.1.1 Subjacency and reconstruction |
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200 | (3) |
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7.1.2 Alternatives to reconstruction |
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203 | (6) |
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7.1.3 Pied piping multiple wh |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (11) |
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7.2.1 Long-distance lists in one fell swoop |
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213 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Long-distance lists through higher order questions |
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217 | (3) |
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7.2.3 A Little Housekeeping |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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7.3 Long-distance lists across adjunct islands |
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224 | (8) |
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7.3.1 Single-pair answers via choice functions |
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224 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Multiple-pair answers via higher order choice functions |
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226 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Lists trapped inside adjunct wh triangles |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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7.4 Scoping out or staying local |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (33) |
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8.1 Focus-based semantics for questions |
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236 | (10) |
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8.1.1 Wh phrases, indefinites, and focus |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (3) |
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8.1.3 The inquisitive lens |
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240 | (2) |
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8.1.4 Islands and indeterminate pronouns |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (9) |
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8.2.1 Via traces and islands |
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246 | (3) |
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8.2.2 Tapping into focus semantics |
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249 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Appealing to anti-topicality and anti-additivity |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (1) |
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8.3 Polar, polar alternative, and alternative questions |
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255 | (10) |
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8.3.1 Polar vs. polar alternative questions |
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255 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Prosody and disjunction |
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258 | (3) |
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8.3.3 Disjunction in alternative questions |
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261 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Choosing one, choosing both, choosing none |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.4 Focusing on alternatives |
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265 | (3) |
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9 Non-canonical questions |
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268 | (23) |
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270 | (7) |
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9.1.1 Bias in polar questions |
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270 | (2) |
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9.1.2 Inner vs. outer negation |
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272 | (2) |
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9.1.3 Strong NPI and bias |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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9.2 Non-canonical interrogation |
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277 | (5) |
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9.2.1 Declarative questions |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (6) |
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9.3.1 Rhetorical questions |
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283 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Ability/inclination questions |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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9.4 Beyond information seeking |
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288 | (3) |
Afterword |
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291 | (2) |
References |
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293 | (20) |
Index |
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313 | |