| Preface |
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xxi | |
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1 | (27) |
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1.1 Fundamental Elements of Radar |
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2 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Functions Performed by Radar |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Overall System Considerations |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 Types of Radar Targets |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5 Radar's Waveform, Power, and Energy |
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6 | (5) |
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6 | (3) |
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Peak and Average Transmitted Powers |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.6 Some Basic Principles |
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11 | (6) |
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Elementary Range Measurement |
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11 | (1) |
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Doppler Effect Due to Target Motion |
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12 | (3) |
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Effect of Target Motion on Range Delay |
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15 | (1) |
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Effect of Target Motion on Received Waveform |
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16 | (1) |
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1.7 Some Definitions and Other Details |
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17 | (6) |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (5) |
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2 Elements of Wave Propagation |
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28 | (47) |
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2.1 Spherical and Plane Waves |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3 Effects of Atmosphere on Waves |
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34 | (16) |
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34 | (1) |
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Effective Earth Model for Refraction |
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35 | (3) |
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Radar Errors Due to Refraction |
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38 | (1) |
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Attenuation by a Clear Atmosphere |
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38 | (5) |
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Attenuation Due to Rainfall |
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43 | (2) |
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Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog |
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45 | (3) |
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Attenuation Due to Snow, Sleet, and Hail |
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48 | (2) |
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2.4 Polarization and Reflection of Waves |
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50 | (15) |
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51 | (5) |
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Wave Reflections from Smooth Flat Surfaces |
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56 | (3) |
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Reflections from Irregular and Spherical Surfaces |
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59 | (5) |
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Reflections from Rough Surfaces |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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2.5 Waves and Radar Antennas |
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65 | (4) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (6) |
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75 | (78) |
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75 | (5) |
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Aperture Electric Field Distributions |
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76 | (2) |
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Radiated Fields and Angular Spectra |
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78 | (1) |
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Power Flow Due to Radiation |
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79 | (1) |
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3.2 Radiation Intensity Pattern |
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80 | (4) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (1) |
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3.3 Pattern/Illumination Function Relationship |
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84 | (6) |
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Fourier Transform Relationship |
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84 | (1) |
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Example of a Rectangular Aperture |
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85 | (2) |
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Example of a Circular Aperture |
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87 | (3) |
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3.4 Fundamental Pattern Parameters |
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90 | (8) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Directive Gain, Directivity, and Effective Area |
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91 | (1) |
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Power Gain and Antenna Efficiencies |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Antenna as a Power-Receiving Device |
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94 | (1) |
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Antenna as a Voltage-Receiving Device |
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94 | (4) |
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3.5 Apertures with Constant Polarization |
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98 | (4) |
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Radiated Fields and Angular Spectra |
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99 | (1) |
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Radiation Intensity Pattern |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Fundamental Pattern Parameters |
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100 | (1) |
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Maximum Directivity and Aperture Efficiency |
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101 | (1) |
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3.6 Factorable Illumination Functions |
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102 | (3) |
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General Rectangular Aperture |
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102 | (1) |
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Constant-Polarization Rectangular Aperture |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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3.7 Sidelobe Control in One-Dimensional Apertures |
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105 | (10) |
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Examples of Even Aperture Distributions |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (6) |
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Taylor's One-Parameter Distribution |
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112 | (3) |
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Odd Aperture Distributions |
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115 | (1) |
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3.8 Circularly Symmetric Illuminations |
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115 | (6) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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3.9 Some Example Antennas of the Reflector Type |
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121 | (5) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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Reflectors Using Polarization Twisting |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (5) |
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127 | (1) |
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Radiation Intensity Pattern |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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Directivity and Other Fundamental Parameters |
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131 | (1) |
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3.11 Rectangular Planar Array |
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131 | (5) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (6) |
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Beam Steering and Grating Lobes |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (11) |
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153 | (34) |
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153 | (8) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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Monostatic Radar Equation |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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4.2 Important Network Definitions and Properties |
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161 | (4) |
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161 | (1) |
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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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4.3 Incremental Modeling of Noise Sources |
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165 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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Model of Arbitrary Noise Source |
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166 | (2) |
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4.4 Incremental Modeling of Noisy Networks |
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168 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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4.5 Practical Modeling of Noisy Sources and Networks |
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172 | (5) |
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Average Source and Effective Input Noise Temperatures |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Interrelationships |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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4.6 Overall Rader Receiver Model |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (8) |
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187 | (63) |
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5.1 Cross Sections for Small Targets |
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187 | (7) |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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Effect of Polarization on Cross Section |
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190 | (4) |
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5.2 Target Scattering Matrices |
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194 | (3) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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Uses of Scattering Matrices |
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197 | (1) |
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5.3 Examples of Target Cross Sections |
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197 | (16) |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (9) |
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5.4 Cross Section of Area Targets |
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213 | (5) |
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Surface Backscattering Coefficient |
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213 | (2) |
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Surface Scattering Geometry |
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215 | (2) |
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General Behavior of Sigma^0 |
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217 | (1) |
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5.5 Sea Surfaces as Area Targets |
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218 | (6) |
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Effects of Sea State, Grazing Angle, and Wind |
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219 | (3) |
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Effects of Frequency and Polarization |
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222 | (2) |
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5.6 Land Surfaces as Area Targets |
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224 | (6) |
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Typical Backscattering from Terrain |
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224 | (6) |
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Backscattering from Snow Surfaces |
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230 | (1) |
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5.7 Cross Section of Volume Targets |
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230 | (4) |
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Volume-Scattering Coefficient |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (1) |
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5.8 Meterological Volume Targets |
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234 | (4) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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Other Types of Precipitation |
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238 | (1) |
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5.9 Cross Section Fluctuations and Models |
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238 | (5) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (7) |
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6 Radar Signals and Networks |
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250 | (37) |
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250 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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Autocorrelation Functions |
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253 | (1) |
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6.2 Complex Radar Signals |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Autocorrelation Functions |
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254 | (1) |
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6.3 Analytic Radar Signals |
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254 | (4) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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Relationship to Complex Signal |
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257 | (1) |
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Energy in Analytic Signal |
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257 | (1) |
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Properties of Analytic Signals |
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258 | (1) |
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6.4 Duration, Frequency, and Bandwidth of Signals |
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258 | (3) |
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Relationships from Parseval's Theorem |
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258 | (1) |
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Mean Time and RMS Duration |
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259 | (1) |
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Mean Frequency and RMS Bandwidth |
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260 | (1) |
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6.5 Transmission of Signals through Networks |
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261 | (4) |
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Real Signal through Real Network |
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262 | (1) |
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Analytic Signal through Real Network |
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262 | (1) |
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Analytic Signal through Analytic Network |
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263 | (1) |
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Interpretation and Summary of Responses |
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264 | (1) |
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6.6 Matched Filter for Nonwhite Noise |
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265 | (3) |
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6.7 Matched Filter for White Noise |
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268 | (3) |
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269 | (1) |
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Discussion of Matched Filter |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (3) |
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Properties of the Matched Filter Response |
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273 | (1) |
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Properties of the Ambiguity Function |
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273 | (1) |
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6.9 Examples of Uncertainty Functions |
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274 | (4) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (9) |
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7 Pulse Compression with Radar Signals |
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287 | (68) |
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288 | (1) |
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7.2 Linear FM Pulse (Chirp) |
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289 | (8) |
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Matched Filter's Response |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
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Spectrum of Transmitted Pulse |
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293 | (4) |
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7.3 Mismatch Filters for Sidelobe Control |
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297 | (5) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (1) |
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Practical Filter Responses |
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301 | (1) |
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7.4 Signal Design for Low Sidelobes |
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302 | (5) |
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Stationary Phase Principle |
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302 | (4) |
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Signal Design Using Stationary Phase Approximation |
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306 | (1) |
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7.5 Example Signal Designs |
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307 | (3) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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7.6 Other Pulse Compression Waveforms |
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310 | (8) |
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Other FM Laws for Single Pulses |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (2) |
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Multiple Pulses (Burst Waveforms) |
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315 | (3) |
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7.7 Pulse Compression by Costas FM |
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318 | (12) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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Costas Design for Small Doppler Shifts |
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324 | (3) |
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Other Frequency Hop Codes |
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327 | (1) |
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Hyperbolic Frequency Hop Codes |
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328 | (2) |
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7.8 Pulse Compression by Binary Phase Coding |
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330 | (9) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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Other Periodic Binary Codes |
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337 | (2) |
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Biphase to Quadriphase Conversion |
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339 | (1) |
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7.9 Polyphase Coding for Pulse Compression |
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339 | (11) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (1) |
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Polyphase Barker Sequences |
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346 | (1) |
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Other Codes and Some Comments |
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346 | (4) |
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350 | (5) |
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355 | (21) |
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356 | (4) |
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Range Resolution Criterion |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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Range Resolution Constants |
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358 | (2) |
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8.2 Doppler Frequency Resolution |
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360 | (2) |
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Doppler Frequency Resolution Criterion |
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360 | (1) |
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Ideal Doppler Frequency Resolution |
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360 | (1) |
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Doppler Frequency Resolution Constants |
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361 | (1) |
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8.3 Simultaneous Range and Doppler Resolution |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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8.4 Resolution and RMS Uncertainty |
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363 | (2) |
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8.5 Overall Radar and Angle Resolutions |
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365 | (6) |
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365 | (3) |
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Combined Radar Resolution Criterion |
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368 | (1) |
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Angle Resolution Constant |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (5) |
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376 | (69) |
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376 | (7) |
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Basic Definitions and Model |
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377 | (1) |
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Bayes's Concepts for Radar |
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378 | (2) |
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Optimum Radar Decision Rule |
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380 | (3) |
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9.2 Detection Criteria for Several Target Models |
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383 | (4) |
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383 | (1) |
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Steady Target with Random Initial Phase |
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384 | (1) |
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Steady Target with N Pulses Having Random Phases |
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385 | (1) |
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Targets That Fluctuate by N-Pulse Groups |
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386 | (1) |
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Targets That Fluctuate Pulse to Pulse |
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387 | (1) |
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9.3 Detection of Known Target |
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387 | (4) |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (2) |
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9.4 Detection of Steady Target with Random Initial Phase |
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391 | (5) |
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Optimum Signal Processors |
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391 | (2) |
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Performance of Optimum System |
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393 | (3) |
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9.5 Detection of Steady Target with N Pulses Having Random Phases |
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396 | (6) |
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Optimum Detection Processor |
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396 | (1) |
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Simplified Detection Processor |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (4) |
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9.6 Detection of Targets with Group Fluctuations |
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402 | (6) |
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Detection Criterion and Approximate Detection Processor |
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402 | (1) |
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Performance with Group Fluctuations |
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403 | (1) |
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Swerling I Fluctuation Model |
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404 | (2) |
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Swerling III Fluctuation Model |
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406 | (2) |
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9.7 Detection of Targets with Pulse-to-Pulse Fluctuations |
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408 | (8) |
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Approximate Detection Processor |
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409 | (2) |
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Performance with Pulse-to-Pulse Fluctuations |
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411 | (3) |
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Swerling II Fluctuation Model |
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414 | (1) |
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Swerling IV Fluctuation Model |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (11) |
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420 | (4) |
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Optimum System for Nonfluctuating Target |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (2) |
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9.9 Other Considerations in Classical Detection |
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427 | (6) |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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9.10 Detection in Clutter |
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433 | (4) |
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Basic Approach to Analysis |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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Rayleigh Mixture Model of Clutter |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (8) |
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10 Radar Measurements--Limiting Accuracy |
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445 | (16) |
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10.1 Parameter Estimation |
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445 | (4) |
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Basic Definitions and Model |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (4) |
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Single Parameter Cramer-Rao Bound |
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449 | (2) |
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Multiple Parameter Cramer-Rao Bound |
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451 | (2) |
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10.3 Limiting Accuracies of Radar Measurements |
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453 | (5) |
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Amplitude Measurement Accuracy |
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454 | (1) |
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Phase Measurement Accuracy |
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454 | (1) |
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Doppler Frequency Measurement Accuracy |
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455 | (1) |
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Delay Measurement Accuracy |
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456 | (1) |
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Spatial Angle Measurement Accuracy |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (3) |
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11 Range Measurement and Tracking in Radar |
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461 | (29) |
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11.1 Range from Delay Measurements |
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461 | (1) |
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11.2 Intuitive Delay Measurement Using Time Gates |
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462 | (3) |
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An Intuitive Delay Measurement Method |
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462 | (3) |
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Time Discriminator System |
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465 | (1) |
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11.3 Optimum Delay Measurement System |
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465 | (4) |
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466 | (3) |
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469 | (1) |
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11.4 Optimum Wideband Receiver |
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469 | (3) |
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470 | (1) |
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Signal and Noise Responses |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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11.5 Optimum Receiver with Matched Filter |
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472 | (2) |
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Time Discriminator's Inputs |
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472 | (1) |
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|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
11.6 Optimum Receiver with Differentiator |
|
|
474 | (3) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Bound on Measurement Error |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
11.7 Practical Delay Measurement and Tracking |
|
|
477 | (7) |
|
Systems with a Coherent Detector |
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
Systems with an Envelope Detector |
|
|
479 | (4) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (6) |
|
12 Frequency (Doppler) Measurement and Tracking |
|
|
490 | (45) |
|
12.1 Definition of Optimum Frequency Measurement |
|
|
491 | (7) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Optimum Doppler Measurement Filter Criteria |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Optimum Filter's Accuracy |
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
12.2 Optimum Filter for Doppler Measurements |
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
Optimum Filter for Nonwhite Noise |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Optimum Filter for White Noise |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
12.3 Some Practical Considerations |
|
|
500 | (6) |
|
Effect of Filter Mismatch on Accuracy |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Frequency Discriminator Approximation |
|
|
501 | (5) |
|
12.4 Practical Noncoherent Implementations for Doppler Measurement |
|
|
506 | (5) |
|
Single-Pulse Measurement--Initial Estimate Available |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
Single-Pulse Measurement--No Initial Doppler Estimate |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
Doppler Tracking by Continuous Measurements |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
12.5 Optimum Coherent Doppler Measurements |
|
|
511 | (5) |
|
Properties of N Coherent Pulses |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
Optimum Filter for N Pulses |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Accuracy of Optimum Filter |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
12.6 Practical Coherent Implementations for Doppler Measurement |
|
|
516 | (5) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Single Waveform Measurements with Initial Estimate |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Doppler Measurement with Poor or No Initial Estimate |
|
|
518 | (3) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
12.7 Filter Mismatch and Fine-Line Measurements |
|
|
521 | (5) |
|
Effects of Filter Mismatch |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Use of an Ungated Fine-Line Filter |
|
|
522 | (3) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (9) |
|
13 Angle Measurement and Tracking by Conical Scan |
|
|
535 | (22) |
|
13.1 Geometry and System Definition |
|
|
535 | (4) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
|
539 | (4) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
|
|
545 | (4) |
|
13.5 Example of a Gaussian Pattern |
|
|
549 | (4) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (3) |
|
|
|
553 | (4) |
|
14 Angle Measurement and Tracking by Monopulse |
|
|
557 | (72) |
|
14.1 Some Preliminary Definitions |
|
|
558 | (5) |
|
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
14.2 Optimum Monopulse System |
|
|
563 | (6) |
|
|
|
563 | (2) |
|
Optimum System for Nonwhite Noise |
|
|
565 | (3) |
|
Optimum System for White Noise |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
14.3 Antenna Mismatch in Monopulse |
|
|
569 | (10) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Error Pattern as Reference Pattern Derivative |
|
|
571 | (4) |
|
Error Distribution as Reference Distribution Derivative |
|
|
575 | (4) |
|
14.4 Practical Monopulse Concepts |
|
|
579 | (3) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Practical Pattern Representation |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
14.5 Amplitude-Sensing Monopulse |
|
|
582 | (17) |
|
Multiplicative Sensing Ratio |
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
|
|
584 | (5) |
|
|
|
589 | (3) |
|
Four-Horn Difference Patterns as Derivative Pattern Approximations |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
Overall Amplitude-Sensing Monopulse System |
|
|
595 | (4) |
|
14.6 Phase-Sensing Monopulse |
|
|
599 | (7) |
|
Multiplicative Sensing Ratio |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Overall Phase-Sensing Monopulse System |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
14.7 Rhodes's Other Forms of Monopulse |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Monopulse Classifications |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Rhodes's Eight Types and Classes of Monopulse |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
14.8 General Amplitude and Phase Monopulse |
|
|
607 | (8) |
|
Pattern Representations by Taylor's Expansions |
|
|
607 | (3) |
|
General Monopulse for One Target |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Three-Beam Amplitude Monopulse |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
Three-Beam Phase Monopulse |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
General Monopulse for One Target and Factorable Patterns |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
14.9 Conopulse--A Hybrid System |
|
|
615 | (5) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Realization of Two-Pattern Scanning |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Measurement Error Variance |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
|
|
620 | (9) |
|
15 Digital Signal Processing in Radar |
|
|
629 | (37) |
|
15.1 Fundamental Concepts |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (5) |
|
Baseband Sampling Theorem |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
15.3 Discrete-Time Sequences |
|
|
637 | (3) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (2) |
|
15.4 Properties of Discrete-Time Sequences |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Products and Sums of Sequences |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
15.5 Fourier Transforms of DT Sequences |
|
|
643 | (7) |
|
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Inverse Discrete-Time Fourier Transform |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Discrete Fourier Transform |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Relationship of DFT to DTFT |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Periodic Sequences and DFTs |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
15.6 Properties of the DFT |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Time and Frequency Shifting |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
15.7 Discrete-Time Systems |
|
|
651 | (4) |
|
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (2) |
|
15.8 System Descriptions in the Sequence Domain |
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Cascaded and Parallel Systems |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
Finite Impulse Response Systems |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Infinite Impulse Response Systems |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
15.9 System Descriptions in the Transform Domain |
|
|
657 | (4) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Use of the FFT in Processing |
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
15.10 Summary and Comments |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (5) |
|
APPENDIX A Review of the Impulse Function |
|
|
666 | (17) |
|
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
667 | (2) |
|
|
|
669 | (5) |
|
Impulse as a Generalized Function |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Impulse Derivatives as Generalized Functions |
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
Unit-Step as a Generalized Function |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Asymmetrical Impulse and Unit-Step Functions |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Multidimensional Impulses |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
A.3 Properties of Impulse Functions |
|
|
674 | (4) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Definition of Derivatives of Impulse |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Fourier Transforms of Impulses |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Fourier Transforms of Derivatives of Impulses |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Product of Function and Impulse |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Product of Function and Derivative of Impulse |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Convolution of Two Impulses |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (5) |
|
APPENDIX B Review of Deterministic Signal Theory |
|
|
683 | (17) |
|
|
|
683 | (3) |
|
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Fourier Series of Complex Waveforms |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
B.2 Properties of Fourier Series |
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Integration and Differentiation |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
B.4 Properties of Fourier Transforms |
|
|
689 | (2) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Time and Frequency Shifting |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Conjugation and Sign Change |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
B.5 Signal Response of Networks |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
B.6 Multidimensional Fourier Transforms |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
B.7 Properties of Two-Dimensional Fourier Transforms |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Time and Frequency Shifting |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (6) |
|
APPENDIX C Review of Random Signal Theory |
|
|
700 | (28) |
|
C.1 Basic Topics and Probability |
|
|
700 | (3) |
|
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
Joint and Conditional Probabilities |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
C.2 Random Variables, Distributions, and Densities |
|
|
703 | (4) |
|
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Distribution and Density Functions |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Conditional Distribution and Density Functions |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
Multiple Random Variables |
|
|
705 | (2) |
|
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
|
707 | (3) |
|
Average of a Function of Random Variables |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
C.4 Gaussian Random Variables |
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
C.5 Random Signals and Processes |
|
|
712 | (4) |
|
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
|
|
716 | (3) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Cross-Power Density Spectrum |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
C.7 Network Responses to Random Signals |
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Temporal Descriptions of Network Response |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Spectral Descriptions of Network Response |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
C.8 Bandpass Random Processes |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
|
722 | (6) |
|
APPENDIX D Useful Mathematical Formulas |
|
|
728 | (8) |
|
D.1 Trigonometric Identities |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
|
729 | (3) |
|
Rational Algebraic Functions |
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (2) |
|
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
|
734 | (2) |
|
APPENDIX E Gaussian, Q, and Error Functions |
|
|
736 | (4) |
|
E.1 Gaussian Density and Distribution |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
E.3 Error and Complementary Error Functions |
|
|
738 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
|
740 | (19) |
| Index |
|
759 | |
